RADIANT v NYIRANDIKUBWIMANA NABANDI

# RADIANT v NYIRANDIKUBWIMANA NABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-09-18 - Case/document no.: RCA 00066/2022/HC/RSZ (NDU - Collection: High Court

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RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY v NYIRANDIKUBWIMANA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00066/2022/HC/RSZ (Nduwayo, J.P.) 18 Nzeri 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ubwishingizi bw’impanuka zo mu muhanda – Indishyi – Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu – Umuntu mukuru wabanaga na nyakwigendera wazize impanuka - Umuntu urengeje imyaka y'ubukure ntiyavuga ko adashoboye kwitunga ngo ahabwe indishyi mbangamirabukungu, keretse agaragaje impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga umubyeyi we amutunga, akabitangira ibimenyetso bifatika bigaragaza ko afite ikibazo kidasanzwe gituma atibeshaho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yatejwe na moto yari ifte ubwishingizi mu Radiant Insurance Company (Radiant) yari itwawe na Niyomugabo iza kugonga Mukandanga arakomereka cyane nyuma y;igihe gito aza gupfa. Abaregera indishyi barimo umwana wa nyakwigendera witwa Nyirandikubwimana na nyina witwa Nyiramihanda bandikiye umwishingizi basaba ko bahabwa indishyi zitandukanye zirimo n’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ariko ntibasubizwa bituma batanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi basaba izo ndishyi. Urukiko rwakiriye icyo kirego hanyuma rwemeza ko abarega bahabwa indishyi zitandukanye zirimo n’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. Uregwa yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko urukiko rwabanje rwagennye indishyi mbangamirabukungu nta kimenyetso gifatika rushingiye. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba haratanzwe ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze umwana we hamwe n’umubyeyi we bakaba bari kugenerwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu. Radiant ivuga ko urukiko rwagennye indishyi mbangamirabukungu kuri Nyirandikubwimana na Nyiramihanda, abantu bakuru babanaga na nyakwigendera, kandi batarigeze bagaragaza ikimenyetso gifatika cyerekana ko hari ikibazo bafite gituma badashobora kwibeshaho bakaba bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera. Abasaba indishyi bo bavuga ko hari ikimenyetso cy’irangamimerere kerekana ko Nyirandikubwimana, umwana wa nyakwigendera yari akiri ingaragu abana nawe ndetse n’ikindi cyatanzwe n’umurenge kerekana ko nyakwigendera yabanaga n’umwana we ndetse n’umubyeyi we mu rugo ariwe ubatunze bakabishingiraho basaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umuntu urengeje imyaka y'ubukure ntiyavuga ko adashoboye kwitunga keretse agaragaje impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga umubyeyi we amutunga, akabitangira ibimenyetso bifatika nk'inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana niba afite ubumuga, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho bityo ibyo abasaba indishyi bavuga ko bari batunzwe na Mukandanga, nta shingiro bifite kuko kuba barabanaga nawe mu rugo, no kugaragaza ko nyakwigendera yari afite inshingano zo kubatunga, ntibigaragaza ko bo badashoboye kwibeshaho. Ubujurire bwatanzwe bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; Nta ndishyi mbangamirabukungu zigomba gutangwa.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 22. Imanza zifashishijwe: RCAA 0049/14/CS, SORAS AG Ltd na Umuhoza n’abandi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016; RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC, Niyonzima n’Abandi na Sanlam Assurance Generale, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/01/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA: [1] Ku wa 11/11/2021 mu mudugudu wa Bupfune, Akagari ka Nyarusazi, Umurenge wa Bwishyura, Akarere ka Karongi, Intara y’Iburengerazuba, habereye impanuka ya Moto TVS RE233H yari itwawe na Niyomugabo Emmanuel wavaga mu mujyi wa Kibuye yerekeza Rubengera agonga Mukandanga Lea wambukiranyaga umuhanda arakomereka mu buryo bukomeye, bigeze ku wa 13/11/2021 arapfa. [2] Abakomoka kuri nyakwigendera bandikiye umwishingizi w’icyo kinyabiziga RADIANT INSURANCE Ltd, basaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zagenerwa umwana wa nyakwigendera Nyirandikubwimana Agnes hamwe n’umubyeyi we Nyiramihanda Cesarie, basaba n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’umuco zagenerwa abarega bose, umwishingizi ntiyagira icyo abasubiza bituma bayirega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi basaba izo ndishyi ndetse n’amafaranga yose yakoreshejwe mu ishyingurwa rya nyakwigendera hamwe n’andi mafaranga yakoreshejwe mukuzikurikirana. [3] Imbere y’Urukiko rwisumbuye, urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu mizi ku wa 25/07/2022 RADIANT INSURANCE Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Uwamaliya Agnes, naho abarega aribo Nyirandikubwimana Agnes, Nyiramihanda Cesarie, Mukakamari Julienne, Mpozamenshi Samuel, Nsengiyumva Frodouard, Nyirantibitegera Eline, Uwimana Amiel na Mukantwali Pascaline bahagarariwe na Me Iyakaremye Theotime. [4] Mu mwanzuro wa RADIANT INSURANCE Ltd ivuga ko indishyishyi zasabwe z’ibangamirabukungu ko ntazo yatanga ko abazisaba ntacyo bashingiraho bagaragaza ko bari basanzwe batunzwe na nyakwigendera, yemera gusa gutanga indishyi z’ibangamira ry’umuco no gusubiza amafaranga yakoreshejwe yatangiwe ibimenyetso hamwe n’igihembo cy’avoka. [5] Mu rubanza RC 00010/2022/TGI/KNG rwaciwe ku wa 26/10/2022, Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nyirandikubwimana Agnes, Nyiramihanda Cesarie, Mukakamari Julienne, Mpozamenshi Samuel, Nsengiyumva Frodouard, Nyirantibitegera Eline, Uwimana Amielna na Mukantwali Pascaline gifite ishingiro. Rutegeka RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD guha Nyiramihanda Cesarie umubyeyi wa Nyakwigendera na Nyirandikubwimana Agnes umwana we

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indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo ine n’icyenda na magana abiri na mirongo itatu (6,349,230Frw). Rutegeka kandi ko RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD guha Nyiramihanda Cesarie umubyeyi wa Nyakwigendera na Nyirandikubwimana Agnes umwana wa nyakwigendera indishyi z’ibangamira ry’umuco zingana n’amafranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana inani na cumi (810,000frw frw) kuri buri wese. Rutegeka nanone RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD guha abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera aribo Mukakamari Julienne, Mpozamenshi Samuel, Nsengiyumva Frodouard, Nyirantibitegera Eline, Uwimana Amiel na Mukantwali Pascaline amafaranga y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’umuco angana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibuhumbi magana atanu na mirongo ine (540,000frw) kuri buri wese. Rutegeka RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD guha Nyirandikubwimana Agnes n’umuryango we amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atatu na makumyabiri n’amafranga ijana (320,100frw) yakoresheje ashyingura umubyeyi we, ayatanzwe mu bitaro, imodoka, ibyangombwa ndetse no kugura dossier y’impanuka. Rutegeka RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD gusubiza abarega amafranga ibihumbi Magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cy’Avoka, ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda. [6] RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru urugereko rwa Rusizi, urubanza ruhabwa No RCA 00066/2022/HC/RSZ, rwaburanishijwe mu mizi kuwa 24/07/2023, RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD ihagarariwe na Me Uwamaliya Agnes, naho abaregwa aribo Nyirandikubwimana Agnes, Nyiramihanda Cesarie, Mukakamari Julienne, Mpozamenshi Samuel, Nsengiyumva Frodouard, Nyirantibitegera Eline, Uwimana Amiel na Mukantwali Pascaline bahagarariwe na Me Iyakaremye Theotime. [7] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD isobanura ubujurire isaba Urukiko rwajuririwe gutegeka ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zingana na miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo ine n’icyenda na magana abiri na mirongo itatu (6,349,230Frw) zategetswe n'Urukukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi zakurwaho, kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi ntacyo rwashingiyeho ruzigena ko nyakwigendera ariwe wari usanzwe utunze umubyeyi we hamwe n’umwana we ufite imyaka 27 y’amavuko. [8] Me Iyakaremye Theotime avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD ntashingiro zahabwa, ko hari icyemezo cyatanzwe n’inzego z’ibanze kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera yabanaga n’umwana we akaba ariwe yakeshaga amaramuko kandi n’umubyeyi we akaba yarageze muzabukuru afite imyaka 74 akaba yarafite inshingano zo kumuha ibimutunga. [9] Muri uru rubanza harasusumwa ikibazo gikurikiraː

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-Kumenya niba haratanzwe ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze umwana we hamwe n’umubyeyi we bakaba bari kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA: [10] Kubijyanye no kumenya niba haratanzwe

ibimenyetso

bigaragaza

ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze umwana we hamwe n’umubyeyi we bakaba bari kugenerwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu. [11] Me Uwamaliya Agnes uhagarariye RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD, asobanura ubujure bw’ikigo cy’ubwishingizi aburanira, avuga ko Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwageneye abaregwa indishyi z’imbangamirabukungu aribo Nyirandikubwimana Agnes umwana wa nyakwigendera, ubu ufite imyaka 27 y’amavuko, na Nyiramihanda Cesarie umubyeyi we ntacyo Urukiko rushingiye ruzibagenera nk’uko guteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida n0 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. [12] Me Uwamaliya Agnes akomeza avuga ko umwana wa nyakwigendera ugeranyije n’imyaka afite, ko ubu afite urugo rwe kuko ntiyerekana ko ari ingaragu cyangwa se yerekane icyemezo gitangwa n’inzego z’ubuyobozi zibifitiye ububasha ko yari asanzwe abana na nyina (aba iwabo) bigaragare ko ariwe wari usanzwe amutunze. Busoza buvuga ko kuba Nyirandikubwimana Agnes asanzwe ari umwana wa nyakwigendera, ko ibwabyo ntibihagije byonyine kuba yahita agenerwa izo ndishyi atabanje kubitangira ibimeneytso ko yari asanzwe atunzwe n’umubyeyi we. [13] Me Iyakaremye Theotime uburanira abaregera indishyi muri uru rubanza, avuga ko indishyi zagenwe n’Urukiko rwisumbuye z’ibangamiramibukungu zahawe umubyeyi wa nyakwigendera Nyiramihanda Cesarie hamwe n’umwana we Nyirandikubwimana Agnes ko zatanzwe muburyo bukurikije amategeko, anavuga ko hari icyemezo cyatanzwe n’irangamirere kigaragaza ko Nyirandikubwimana Agnes akiri ingaragu n’ikindi cyemezo cyo kuwa 06/07/2022 cyatanzwe n’umudgudu wa Josi cyemezwa n’Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’akagari ka Gitarama kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera Mukandanga Lea yapfuye abana n’umwana we Nyirandikubwimana Agnes, asoza avuga ko, kuba barabanaga munzu akiri n’ingaragu ariwe yakeshagaho imibereho ya buri munsi, anasaba ko indishyi zagenewe ko zitakurwaho hashingiwe kubiteganywa n’amategeko agena uburyo indishyi zikomoka kumpanuka y’ibinyabiziga zitangwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA: [14] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza, zishingiye mu kumenya niba umuntu ufite imyaka y’ubukure yagenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ko yarasanzwe abana munzu na nyakwigendera wapfuye azize impanuka hagendewe gusa kubyemezo byatanzwe n’inzego z’ubuyobozi zigaragaza ko amukomokaho akaba yarasanzwe abana nawe munzu.

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[15] Ikibazo gisa n’iki cyo kumenya niba abafite imyaka y’ubukure bari basanzwe batunzwe na nyakwigendera hagendewe kubyemezo byatanzwe n’inzego z’ibanze, cyafashweho umurongo n’urukiko rw’ikirenga mu rubanza rwarwo No RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016, SORAS AG Ltd mu izina ryayo iburana na Umuhoza Pacifique hamwe n’abagenzi be, aho urwo rukiko rwagize ruti : Ku birebana n'uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga hari ikibazo cy'ibimenyetso kuko icyemezo cyatanzwe n'ubuyobozi bw'Umurenge wa Gitega atari cyo kimenyetso gihamya ko abaregwa bahabwaga mu buryo buhoraho (regulièrement) ibibatunga na nyakwigendera MuhumuzaJean Pierre, ko kitanagaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga abatunga kandi bose bujuje imyaka y'ubukure, hagombaga rero kugaragazwa ibimenyetso bifatika ( urugero nk'impapuro zo kwa muganga zerekana niba bafite ubumuga, bordereau za banki yaheragaho amafaranga, message za mobile money se yabandikiye aboherereza amafaranga n'ibindi...) kandi byaboneka Urukiko rwari gushingiraho rusuzuma niba indishyi mbangamirabukungu basaba bazikwiye kuko hashingiwe ku mategeko n'inyandiko z'abahanga zasobanuwe haruguru, nta nshingano iteganywa n'itegeko Muhumuza Jean Pierre yari afite yo gutunga abavandimwe be ko naho yaba yarabikoraga, byafatwa nk'ubufatanye busanzwe buba hagati y'abagize umuryango (entraide familiale). [16] Icyo gitekerezo cyo gutanga indishyi mbangamirabukungu kubarengeje imyaka y’ubukure, ninacyo kigaragara murubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC rwaciwe kuwa 27/01/2023 n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga, Niyonzima Léonidas n’abagenzi be baburana na Sanlam Assurance Générales PIC (Sanlam AG PIC), mu izina ry'Umuyobo wayo, mu gika cyarwo cya 22 aho rwagize ati nk'uko byasobanuwe nanone mu rubanza No RCAA 0049/ 14/ CS, umuntu urengeje imyaka y'ubukure ntiyavuga ko adashoboye kwitunga keretse agaragaje impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga umubyeyi we amutunga, akabitangira ibimenyetso bifatika nk'inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana niba afite ubumuga, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho. [17] Ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ko: abafite uburenganzira ku buryo byumvikana ko bari batunzwe n’uwahohotewe nibo bonyine bashobora guhabwa indishyi. [18] Ku birebana no kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku rupfu rwatewe n'impanuka yo mu muhanda, imyandikire y'ingingo ya 22 y'lteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe bihujwe n’imirongo yagiye ifatwa mu manza, igaragaza neza ko izo ndishyi mbangamirabukungu zigenerwa gusa uwari atunzwe n'uwapfuye. Ibi nabyo byumvikanisha ko nubwo amategeko ateganya abafite inshingano yo gutunga abandi iyo babikeneye, ikigenderwaho cy'ibanze hasuzumwa niba urnuntu afite uburenganzira ku ndishyi mbangamirabukungu, ari ukuba agaragaza ko yari atunzwe koko n'uwapfuye, bivuze ko agomba kubitangira ibimenyetso. [19] Ku birebana n'uru rubanza, Nyirandikubwimana Agnes w’imyaka 27 y’amavuko, impanuka iba akaba yarafite imyaka 25 nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyemezo cyatanzwe n’irangamirere Umurenge wa Bwishyura kigaragaza ko ari ingaragu, kinagaragaza ko yavutse ku wa 03/08/1996, asaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu avuga ko ari umwana wa nyakwigendera byonyine anagaragaza n’inyandiko yatanzwe n’umudugudu wa Josi yo ku wa 06/07/2022 ikemezwa n’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’akagari ka Gitarama, igaragaza ko umubyeyi we yapfuye bakibana munzu nk’umwana we, naho Nyiramihanda Cesarie umubyeyi wa

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nyakwigendera agasaba indishyi agendeye gusa ko uwapfuye ari umwana we akaba afite inshingano zo kumuha ibimutunga, rusanga ntakindi kimenyetso bagaragaza by'uko bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera. Ibyo kuba bavuga ko Nyirandikubwimana Agnes yari akiri ingaragu abanaga nawe munzu no kuba Nyiramihanda Cesarie akaba ageze muzabukuru, Urukiko rurasanga ibyo ubwabyo atari ikimenyetso gihangije cy'uko bari basanzwe batunzwe nawe. [20] Hashingiwe rero ku manza zagaragajwe haruguru zatanze imirongo no ku mategeko yavuzwe no ku bisobanuro byatanzwe, Urukiko rurasanga nta burenganzira Nyirandikubwimana Agnes na Nyiramihanda Cesarie bafite ku ndishyi mbangamirabukungu zikomoka ku rupfu rwa Mukandanga Lea. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO: [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD mu izina ry’umuyobozi wayo bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [22] Rwemeje ko urubanza RC 00010/2022/TGI/KNG rwaciwe kuwa 26/10/2022 n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi ruhindutse kungano y’indishyi zatanzwe. [23] Rwemeje ko nta ndishyimbangamirabukungu Nyirandikubwimana Agnes na Nyiramihanda Cesarie bagomba guhabwa. [24] Rutegetse RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD mu izina ry’umuyobozi wayo kwishyura Nyirandikubwimana Agnes, Nyiramihanda Cesarie, Mukakamari Julienne, Mpozamenshi Samuel, Nsengiyumva Frodouard, Nyirantibitegera Eline, Uwimana Amiel na Mukantwali Pascaline indishyi z’akababaro (indishyi mbangamira ry’umuco) nk’uko zari zatanzwe murukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi zikurikira:

Guha Nyiramihanda Cesarie umubyeyi wa nyakwigendera na Nyirandikubwimana Agnes umwana wa nyakwigendera indishyi z’ibangamira ry’umuco zingana n’amafranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana inani na cumi (810,000frw frw) kuri buri wese. Guha abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera aribo Mukakamari Julienne, Mpozamenshi Samuel, Nsengiyumva Frodouard, Nyirantibitegera Eline, Uwimana Amielna na Mukantwali Pascaline amafaranga y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’umuco angana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibuhumbi magana atanu na mirongo ine (540,000frw) kuri buri wese. Gusubiza Nyirandikubwimana Agnes n’umuryango we amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atatu na makumyabiri n’amafranga ijana (320,100frw) yakoresheje ashyingura umubyeyi we, ayatanzwe mu bitaro, imodoka, ibyangombwa ndetse no kugura dossier y’impanuka. Gusubiza abarega amafranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cy’Avoka, ibihumbi magana abiri (200000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza

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n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi makumyabiri (20,000frw), batanzeho ingwate y’amagarama barega.