RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd v NZAYISENGA

RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd v NZAYISENGA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-01-13 - Case/document no.: RCA 00070/2020/HC/NYZ - Collection: High Court

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RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd v NZAYISENGA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU URUGEREKO RWA NYANZA- RCA 00070/2020/HC/NYZ (Badara, P.J.) 13 Mutarama 2022] Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka - Gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka - Iri bangamira rishobora gusa gutangirwa indishyi ku muntu w'ingaragu kandi bitewe n'uko nyuma y'impanuka yagize: 1. ubumuga buhoraho bungana cyangwa burengeje 50%; 2. Ibangamira ry'uburanga ringana cyangwa rirengeje urwego rwa 5…. Byumvikanisha ko uwujuje imwe mu mpamvu yavuzwe ihagije kugirango ahabwe indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka. Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 19. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 23/11/2018 imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Toyota Corolla RAA 202N yavaga Ngororero yereka Muhanga yari itwawe na Gakumba yataye igisate cy’umuhanda yagendagamo igonga moto RD 243S yari itwawe na Nzayisenga arakomereka na Moto irangirika. Nzayisenga yagize ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 54% agira n’ibikomere bitandukanye, iyo modoka ikaba yari ifite ubwishingizi muri Radiant Insurance Company. Nzayisenga yasabye guhabwa indishyi mu bwumvikane ariko ntibyakunda atanga ikirego mu Rukiko rwisumubye rwa Muhanga asaba indishyi zikomoka kuri yo mpanuka narwo rumugenera indishyi zitandukanye zirimo n’indishyi zo gutakaza

amahirwe yo gushaka. Uregwa ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza bituma ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko Urukiko rwisumbuye rwagennye indishyi z’ibangamirwa ry’uburambe mu kazi nyamara yaragaragaje ko uregera indishyi atayagenerwa kuko nta kazi kazwi yagiraga. Urukiko rwamugeneye indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka kandi ataragombaga kuzigenerwa kuko nubwo ari ingaragu akaba afite ubumuga bwa 54% ariko kugira ngo azigenerwe ni uko ibangamira ry’uburanga rye ryari kuba ringana cyangwa rirengeje urwego rwa gatanu. Uregera indishyi avuga ko yari afite umwuga uzwi kuko yakoraga akazi k’ubumumotari. Akomeza avuga ko yari ifte imyaka 22 igihe yakomerekeraga mu mpanuka bikamusigira ubumuga bwa 54%, akaba kandi yari akiri ingaragu. Kuvuga ko rero yagombaga kuba afite n’ibangamira ry’uburanga ryo ku rwego rwa gatanu kugirango ahabwe izo ndishyi ni ugushaka kuvugisha itegeko ibyo ritavuga. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Uwujuje imwe mpamvu ziteganywa n’itegeko bihagije kugirango ahabwe indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka; ni ukuvuga ubumuga buhoraho bungana cyangwa burengeje 50% cyangwa ibangamira ry'uburanga ringana cyangwa rirengeje urwego rwa 5. Ingingo ya 19 y’ Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iyo ishaka kumvikanisha ko ubumuga buhoraho

n’ibangamira ry’uburanga bigomba byombi kuzuzwa kugirango uregwa ahabwe indishyi yari gukoresha icyungo “na” akavuga ngo: Iri bangamira rishobora gusa gutangirwa indishyi ku muntu w'ingaragu kandi bitewe n'uko nyuma y'impanuka yagize ubumuga buhoraho bungana cyangwa burengeje 50% n’ ibangamira ry'uburanga ringana cyangwa rirengeje urwego rwa 5. Nyamara ntabwo ariko iyi ngingo ivuga mu zindi ndimi niho byumvikana neza aho mu gifransa bavuga ngo: soit une incapacite

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permentente egale ou superieure à 50 %; soit un prejudice esthetique egal ou superieur au grade 5 indique ci-dessus. Kubwo ibyo rero, ibyo Radiant ivuga nta shingiro byahabwa.

2. Nzayisenga yagombaga guhabwa indishyi z’uburambe ku kazi z’amezi atandatu abariwe kuri SMIG y’amafranga ibihumbi bitatu (3 000 frw) kubera ko ibyo avuga ko yari umumotari nta kimenyetso kibigaragaza. Ubujurire bwatanzwe na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd n’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe Nzayisenga Claude bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Imikirize y’urubanza RC 00041/2020/TGI/MHG ihindutse gusa ku ndishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe ku kazi n’indishyi z’akababaro Amategeko yashingiweho: Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 13, 19. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Tariki ya 23/11/2018, habaye impanuka ya Voiture Toyota Corolla RAA 202N yavaga Ngororero yereka Muhanga yari itwawe na Gakumba Bienvenu ageze Rugengabari yataye igisate cy’umuhanda yagendagamo agonga moto RD 243S yari itwawe na Nzayisenga Claude arakomereka na Moto yaratwaye irangirika ku buryo Nzayisenga yagize ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 54% agira n’ibikomere bitandukanye yaba mu maso n’ibindi bice by’umubiri, iyo modoka ikaba yari ifite ubwishingizi muri Radiant Insurance Company. [2] Nzayisenga Claude yasabye guhabwa indishyi mu bwumvikane ariko ntibyakunda akaba ariyo mpamvu yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rwisumubye rwa Muhanga asaba izo ndishyi zikomoka kuri

yo mpanuka. [3] Me Nyirangirimana Asterie uhagarariye Radiant Insurance Company avuga ko indishyi zasabwe na Nzayisenga Claude agomba kuzihabwa ariko agahabwa izo afitiye ibimenyetso n’izo itegeko rimwemerera, yakomeje avuga ko mu kabara indishyi zitandukanye zasabwe hagomba gushigirwa kuri SMIG ya 2500 frw naho iminsi y’akazi igomba kubarirwaho akaba ari 26 kuko hari iminsi y’ikiruhuko (weekend). [4] Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaciye urubanza rutegeka Radiant Insurance Company mu izina ry’umuyobozi wayo guha Nzayisenga Claude indishyi mbangamirabukungu zingana na 5 451 652 frw, indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 108,000frw, indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe ku kazi zingana na 1 080 000frw, amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka, amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza, amafaranga yo kwivuza n’amafaranga yaguze dosiye angana na 1.225.900frw, yose hamwe angana na 10.997.552.

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[5] Radiant Insurance Company ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize ijuririra muri uru rukiko. Uhagarariye Radiant Insurance Company avuga ko Urukiko rwisumbuye mu guca urubanza rwagennye indishyi z’ibangamirwa ry’uburambe mu kazi zingana na 1.080.000frw nyamara Radiant yaragaragaje ko Nzayisenga atayagenerwa kuko nta kazi kazwi yagiraga. Ikindi mu gihe rwari kubona ko yagenwa rwari kugena gusa amezi atandatu ahwanye n’amafaranga 540 000 frw hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 19 y’iteka rya Perezida. Urukiko rwagennye amafaranga 2.160.000frw y’indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka nyamara kandi Nzayisenga ataragombaga kuyagenerwa kuko nubwo ari ingaragu akaba afite ubumuga bwa 54% ariko kugira ngo ayagenerwe ni uko ibangamira ry’uburanga rye ryari kuba ringana cg rikarenga urwego rwa gatanu. Radiant yategetswe gutanga amafranga 150.000 yo kwivuza rutagombaga kuyagena kuko nta bimenyetso yatangiwe kandi ibyo bikaba bihabanye n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 13 y’iteka rya Perezida. Ikindi Urukiko rwagennye igihembo cy’avoka kingana na 1.000.000 akaba ari menshi cyane ko muri izi manza hakunze kugenwa 500.000 kandi nta kimenyetso cyagaragajwe ko ari 1.000.000 yari yishyuwe avoka. [6] Uhagarariye Nzayisenga Claude yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi basaba urukiko ko hashingiwe ku mwuga wa Nzayisenga Claude yakoraga uzwi kuko yari umumotari nk’uko bigaragara muri PV yakozwe na Police ku

impanuka ndetse akaba yarafite n’uruhushya rumwemerera kuyitwara (Permis de conduire) hashingiwe ku manza zagiye zicibwa ingero zazo nka RCA 00189/2016/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 13/07/2016, urubanza RCA 0113/14/HC/NY rwaciwe kuwa 30/10/2014 n’urubanza RCA 00417/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 24/09/2020. Muri izi manza zose hemejwe ko nibuze umuntu ukora umwuga w’ubumotari yabarirwa indishyi hashingiwe ku mushahara wa 10 000 frw ku munsi kuko SMIG ibarirwa umuntu udafite umwuga akora uzwi. Ibi bikaba binahuye n’ibiteganywa mu ingingo ya 4 igika cya 5 y’itegeko N0 41/2001 ryo kuwa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y'abangirijwe n'impanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda kubutaka iteganya iyo izo nyandiko zitabonetse ariko umwuga uwangirijwe akora ukaba uzwi neza, indishyi zigenwa hakoreshejwe kugereranya n’umushahara w’umuntu ukora umwuga bimeze kimwe cyangwa ujya kumera kimwe n’uwo akora”. Nzayisenga Claude akwiye kubarirwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu ndetse n’izibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi hashingiwe kuri 10 000 frw nk’uko nabakora umwuga nkuwe bazibariwe mu manza zagaragajwe hejuru kuko kubarirwa 3 000frw nk’utagira icyo akora kizwi byaba ari akarengane. Indi mpamvu y’ubujurire ni ingano y’indishyi z’akababaro (Pretium Doloris) zatanzwe. Mu igika cya 11 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa mu gusobanura (motivation) y’urubanza, urukiko rwavuze ko indishyi z’akababaro zikwiye

gutangwa ari 1 080 000frw ariko mu icyemezo cy’urukiko rwemeza ko izi ndishyi Radiant ikwiye kwishyura 108 000 frw gusa, ko urukiko rwajuririwe ko rwabikosora rukemeza ko izikwiye kwishyurwa ari 1 080 000frw kuko nizo ziteganywa mu ingingo ya 19 y’iteka rya Perezida. [7] Muri uru rubanza, ibibazo bigiye gusuzumwa ni ibi bikurikira:  Kumenya niba Nzayisenga Claude ataragombaga guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi kubera ko nta kazi kazwi yagiraga.  Kumenya niba Nzayisenga Claude ataragombaga guhabwa indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka kubera ko ibangamira ry’uburanga rye ryari kuba ringana cg rikarenga urwego rwa gatanu.

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 Kumenya niba urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwarategetse gutanga amafranga adafitiwe ibimenyetso.  Kumenya niba ibisabwa na Nzayisenga Claude mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi birimo ko yabarirwa indishyi nk’umumotari byaba bifite ishingiro.  Kumenya niba hari izindi ndishyi zatangwa mu bujurire. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA • Kumenya niba Nzayisenga Claude ataragombaga guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi kubera ko nta kazi kazwi yagiraga. [8] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, Nzayisenga Claude yahawe indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe ku kazi zingana na 1 080 000frw kubera ko umuntu wagize ubumuga bungana na 54 % ari ubumuga bukomeye cyane bwatuma atazakora akazi ke neza nk’uko umuntu udafite ubwo bumuga yagakora. Ikindi ni uko ubwo bumuga yagize buzatuma atazakora akazi kugeza ku myaka 65 kubera ko azaba yaragize imbaraga nke zitewe n’ubwo bumuga. [9] Mu bujurire bwa Radiant Insurance Company, Uyihagarariye avuga ko Urukiko rwisumbuye mu guca urubanza rwagennye indishyi z’ibangamirwa ry’uburambe mu kazi zingana na 1.080.000frw nyamara Radiant yaragaragaje ko Nzayisenga atayagenerwa kuko nta kazi kazwi yagiraga. Ikindi mu gihe rwari kubona ko yagenwa rwari kugena gusa amezi atandatu ahwanye n’amafaranga 540 000 frw hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 19 y’iteka rya Perezida iteganya ko muntu watakaje uburambe mu kazi

amafaranga ahabwa agarukira gusa ku mezi atandatu y’umusaruro. [10] Me Nzeyimana Alexis uburanira Nzayisenga Claude avuga ko ibyo uhagarariye RADIANT avuga ko indishyi zibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zitagombaga gutangwa nta shingiro bifite kuko Nzayisenga Claude yari umumotari winjizaga nibuze 10 000 frw ku munsi nkuko izindi manza zaciwe z’abakora umwuga nkuwe zibigaragaza arizo RCA 00189/2016/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 13/07/2016, urubanza RCA 0113/14/HC/NY rwaciwe kuwa 30/10/2014 urubanza RCA 00417/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 24/09/2020. Muri izi manza zose hemejwe ko nibuze umuntu ukora umwuga w’ubumotari yabarirwa indishyi hashingiwe ku mushahara wa 10 000 frw ku munsi. PV yakozwe na Police igaragaza ko yakoze impanuka ari muri ako kazi ndetse na Permis de conduire ye byose byari byagaragarijwe umucamanza. Nk’umuntu wasigaranye ubumuga bwa 54 % ni ibigaragaza ko ntacyo azongera kubasha. Nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 19 y’iteka rya Perezida wa Repubulika N0 31/01 ryo kuwa 25 kanama 2003 rigena indishyi z’impanuka zo mu muhanda rigena indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ku buryo bukurikira: 10000frw×30jrs×6mois = 1 800 000frw aho kuba 1 080 000frw naho kuvuga ko yagombaga kubarwa akaba 540 000frw ibyo ni ibya ba nyakabyizi bafite umwuga utazwi.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya 19 y’iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ivuga

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ko ibangamira ry'uburambe mu kazi: - gutakaza amahirwe y'akazi umunyeshuri wo mu mashuri yisumbuye, wo mu mashuri y'imyuga, wo mu mashuri makuru cyangwa andi angana na yo ashobora kwizera; - gutakaza uburambe mu kazi ku muntu wari usanzwe akora. Ku wa mbere, amafaranga agomba gutangwa ntashobora kurenga umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko. Ku wa kabiri, ayo mafaranga agarukira gusa ku mezi atandatu y'umusaruro abazwe kandi atarengeje inshuro 30 umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko. [12] Urukiko rurasanga iyi mpanuka yaragize ingaruka ku mikorere ya Nzayisenga Claude kuko hari ibyo yakoraga byagabunutse kubera iyo mpanuka cyane abahanga mu mategeko bo mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa basobanura ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi muri ubu buryo: “Le préjudice professionnel, dit aussi préjudice économique professionnel, est une notion de droit français qui désigne une perte de revenu potentiel subie par une personne à l'occasion d'un accident (de travail, de la circulation etc). Pour une personne commerçante ou exerçant une profession libérale on pourra également indemniser la réduction de la capacité de la personne à accroître son chiffre d’affaires.” 1 [13] Urukiko rurasanga Nzayisenga Claude yaragombaga guhabwa indishyi z’uburambe ku kazi kubera ko aracyari mu gihe cyo gukora bigaragara ko impanuka yabaye afite imyaka 22. Ikindi ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya

Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga umuntu wari usanzwe akora (une personne déjà engagée dans la vie active) naho mu cyongereza ni person already in working life) ntabwo iri teka rivuga akazi cyangwa umwunga ahubwo rivuga umuntu wari usanzwe akora. [14] Urukiko rurasanga nubwo Nzayisenga Claude yagombaga guhabwa indishyi z’uburambe ku kazi bigaragara ko zabazwe nabi kubera ko yagombaga guhabwa amezi atandatu abariwe kuri SMIG y’amafranga ibihumbi bitatu (3 000 frw) kubera ko ibyo uburanira Nzayisenga Claude avuga ko yari umumotari nta kimenyetso kibigaragaza bityo Nzayisenga Claude yahabwa 3000 frw x 30 x6 =540 000 frw. • Kumenya niba Nzayisenga Claude ataragombaga guhabwa indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka kubera ko ibangamira ry’uburanga rye ryari kuba ringana cg rikarenga urwego rwa gatanu. [15] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, Nzayisenga Claude yahawe indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka zabazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 2 x 3000 x 30 x 12 = 2 160 000FRW zigomba gutangwa kuko ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida dore ko yanagize ubusembwa bwatuma yitoranyiriza umukobwa ashaka kimwe n’udafite ubumuga. Naho ibyo uhagarariye Radiant Insurance Company avuga ko zitagomba gutangwa nta shingiro byahabwa kuko umuntu ufite ubumuga bwa 54% nk’uko byemejwe na muganga ataba agifite amahirwe yo gushaka umukobwa yifuza kimwe nk’uko udafite ubumuga yabikora. [16] Mu bujurire bwa Radiant Insurance Company, Uyihagarariye anenga ko Urukiko rwageneye Nzayisenga 2.160.000frw y’indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka ataragombaga kuyagenerwa kuko nubwo ari ingaragu akaba afite ubumuga bwa 54% ariko 1 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9judice_professionnel

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kugira ngo ayagenerwe ni uko ibangamira ry’uburanga rye ryari kuba ringana cg rikarenga urwego rwa gatanu. [17] Me Nzeyimana Alexis uburanira Nzayisenga Claude avuga ko iyi ngingo y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite kuko yakomerekeye mu mpanuka afite imyaka 22 akiri ingaragu, akaba yarasigaranye ubumuga bwa 54% nkuko byagaragajwe na Muganga wa Radiant wakoze contre expertise n’abajurira ntibabihakana. Kuvuga ko rero yagombaga kuba afite n’ibangamira ry’uburanga ryo ku rwego rwa gatanu kugirango ahabwe izo ndishyi ni ugushaka kuvugisha itegeko ibyo ritavuga kuko hashingiwe ku ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida imwe muri izo condition irahagije kugirango agenerwe izo ndishyi ndetse nk’uko biri mu igika cya 12 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa ishingiro ryazo ryarasobanuwe mu buryo butomoye.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [18] Ingingo ya 19 y’iteka rya Perezida N0 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ko Gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka: Iri bangamira rishobora gusa gutangirwa indishyi ku muntu w'ingaragu kandi bitewe n'uko nyuma y'impanuka yagize: • ubumuga buhoraho bungana cyangwa burengeje 50%; • ibangamira ry'uburanga ringana cyangwa rirengeje urwego rwa 5 rwavuzwe hejuru. Iyo rishobora kwemerwa, iryo bangamira ritangirwa indishyi ku buryo bukurikira: - 2 x umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko iyo uwahohotewe atagejeje ku myaka 25; - 1 x umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko iyo uwahohotewe arengeje imyaka 25. [19] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uburanira RADIANT avuga ko nubwo Nzayisenga Claude ari ingaragu akaba afite ubumuga bwa 54% ariko kugira ngo ayagenerwe ni uko ibangamira ry’uburanga rye ryari kuba ringana cg rikarenga urwego rwa gatanu. Urukiko rurasanga iyi ngingo ya 19 y’itegeko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru yumvikanisha ko uwujuje umwe mpamvu yavuzwe ihagije kugirango ahabwe indishyi zo gukakaza amahirwe yo gushaka ni ukuvuga ubumuga buhoraho bungana cyangwa burengeje 50% cyangwa ibangamira ry'uburanga ringana cyangwa rirengeje urwego rwa 5 rwavuzwe hejuru. Iyi ngingo ya 19 iyo ishaka kumvikanisha ko ubumuga buhoraho n’ibangamira

ry’uburanga bigomba byombi kuzuzwa kugirango uregwa ahabwe indishyi yarigukoresha icyungo “na” akavuga ngo Iri bangamira rishobora gusa gutangirwa indishyi ku muntu w'ingaragu kandi bitewe n'uko nyuma y'impanuka yagize ubumuga buhoraho bungana cyangwa burengeje 50% n’ ibangamira ry'uburanga ringana cyangwa rirengeje urwego rwa 5. Nyamara ntabwo ariko iyi ngingo ivuga mu zindi ndimi niho byumvikana neza aho mu gifransa bavuga ngo: •soit une incapacite permentente egale ou superieure à 50 % •soit un prejudice esthetique egal ou superieur au grade 5 indique ci-dessus. • Kumenya niba urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwategetse gutanga amafranga adafitiwe ibimenyetso [20] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, Nzayisenga Claude yahawe mu bwitonzi n’ubushishozi by’Urukiko amafranga y’igihembo cy’avoka angana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 frw) gusa. Naho amafaranga yakoresheje yo kwivuza angana na 615.900frw urega yasabye akaba atagomba kuyahabwa yose nk’uko yayasabye kubera ko nta kimenyetso yayatangiye ariko kuba yarakoze impanuka akaba yaragize

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ubumuga bwa 54% bikaba byumvikana ko yagiye kwa muganga kwivuza kandi kwivuza bisaba amafaranga n’ubwo nta mubare w’amafaranga yakoresheje yivuza yabashije kugaragariza Urukiko, mu bwitonzi n’ubushishozi bwarwo agomba guhabwa ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (150.000frw). Ku byerekeranye n’amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza yasabwe n’urega mu bwitonzi n’ubushishozi by’Urukiko agomba guhabwa 60.000 kuko ayo yasabye atabashije kuyagaragira ibimenyetso, akanahabwa n’amafaranga 15 900 frw yo kugura dosiye kuko igurwa. [21] Uburanira Radiant anenga kuba yarategetswe gutanga amafranga 150.000 ataragaragarijwe ibimenyetso ibyo bikaba bihabanye n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 13 AP. Ikindi Urukiko rwagennye igihembo cy’avoka cyumurengera kingana na 1.000.000 kandi mu manza nkizi bimenyerewe ko hatangwa 500.000 frw kandi nta kimenyetso cyagaragajwe ko ari 1.000.000 yari yishyuwe avoka. [22] Me Nzeyimana Alexis uburanira Nzayisenga Claude asubiza ko Ingingo ya 34 y’Amabwiriza No 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’abavoka iteganya ko igihembo kuri bene izi manza kidashobora kujya munsi ya 500 000 frw kandi kitarengeje 3000 000 frw hiyongereyeho iyo bishoboka, igihembo kibarwa hakurikijwe ibyagezweho ku ijanisha riteganyijwe mu gace ka II k’ingingo ya 23. Kuba umucamanza yaragennye 1 000 000frw n’abaregwa ntibahakane ko avoka ataburanye uru rubanza byongeye amafaranga yagenwe akaba atarengeje

agenwa n’itegeko nta kosa abona ryakozwe n’umucamanza kuko avoka atangira kugira Inama umukiriya kuva ku munsi wa mbere impanuka iba, akamufasha gukurikirana iyi dossier kuri police, akanamufasha kuri parike. Ibyo byarangira hakabanza umuhango wa transaction n’umwishingizi. Nyuma y’ibyo byose noneho haniyongeyeho kuregera urukiko na n’ubu bikaba bigeze mu bujurire bityo agasaba urukiko ko ahubwo rwagena 2 000 000frw yari yasabwe ku rwego rwa mbere kuko 1 000 000frw ukurikije imirimo yakozwe ni make. Ku bijyanye na 150 000frw yo kwivuza n’ibijyanye nabyo atagaragarijwe ibimenyetso, Nzayisenga avuga Urukiko rwasobanuriwe ko Factures yivurijeho zatakaye. Ntabwo wagira ubumuga bwa 54% nkuko byagaragajwe na muganga wa nyuma wakoze contre expertise utarivuje. Ikindi nuko Nzayisenga yashyizwe mubitaro, yaragemurirwaga, yari afite abarwaza, hakorwaga ingendo zitandukanye agemurirwa. Kuba rero umucamanza yarabishingiyeyo agatangamo 150 000 frw gusa nta kosa yakoze bityo iyi ngingo y’ubujurire ya Radiant nayo ikaba idakwiye guhabwa ishingiro.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Ingingo ya 13 y’iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ko Amafaranga yo kwivuza, yo gushyirwa mu bitaro, yo kugura imiti, yo gutwarwa mu modoka itwara abarwayi, yo kongera kumenyereza umubiri, yo kugorora ingingo, y'ibyuma bikoreshwa, y'insimburangingo n'ay'ingendo zo kujya kwivuza arihwa n'uwateje impanuka cyangwa umwishingizi we, hakurikijwe ibiciro biriho mu Rwanda. Agomba kwishyurwa n'abo bombi, bamaze kubona inzandiko zibihamya, mu kwezi kw'iyakirwa ry'izo nyandiko. [24] Urukiko rurasanga amafranga yatanzwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga yagumaho kubera ko adakabije kuba ikirenga kandi hari ibimenyetso byatanzwe bigaragaza ko ayo mafranga yakoreshejwe ndetse no kuba urukiko rwayatanga mu bushishozi bwarwo ntabwo

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binyuranije n’amategeko kuko hari ihame mu mategeko rizwi nka Ex aequo et bono (Elle est utilisée en droit pour désigner le pouvoir qu'ont les juges ou arbitres de juger uniquement de ce qui est équitable sans examiner la loi2). Iri hame ryemerera umucamanza kuba yashingira ku kuri no ku bushishozi akaba yafata icyemezo. • Kumenya niba ibisabwa na Nzayisenga Claude mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi birimo ko yabarirwa indishyi nk’umumotari byaba bifite ishingiro [25] Uhagarariye Nzayisenga Claude yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi basaba urukiko ko hashingiwe ku mwuga wa Nzayisenga Claude yakoraga uzwi kuko yari umumotari nk’uko bigaragara muri PV yakozwe na Police ku impanuka ndetse akaba yarafite n’uruhushya rumwemerera kuyitwara (Permis de conduire) hashingiwe ku manza zagiye zicibwa ingero zazo nka RCA 00189/2016/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 13/07/2016, urubanza RCA 0113/14/HC/NY rwaciwe kuwa 30/10/2014 n’urubanza RCA 00417/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 24/09/2020. Muri izi manza zose hemejwe ko nibuze umuntu ukora umwuga w’ubumotari yabarirwa indishyi hashingiwe ku mushahara wa 10 000 frw ku munsi kuko SMIG ibarirwa umuntu udafite umwuga akora uzwi. Ibi bikaba binahuye n’ibiteganywa mu ingingo ya 4 igika cya 5 y’itegeko N0 41/2001 ryo kuwa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y'abangirijwe n'impanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda kubutaka iteganya iyo izo nyandiko

zitabonetse ariko umwuga uwangirijwe akora ukaba uzwi neza, indishyi zigenwa hakoreshejwe kugereranya n’umushahara w’umuntu ukora umwuga bimeze kimwe cyangwa ujya kumera kimwe n’uwo akora”. Nzayisenga Claude akwiye kubarirwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu ndetse n’izibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi hashingiwe kuri 10 000 frw nk’uko nabakora umwuga nkuwe bazibariwe mu manza zagaragajwe hejuru kuko kubarirwa 3 000frw nk’utagira icyo akora kizwi byaba ari akarengane. Indi mpamvu y’ubujurire ni ingano y’indishyi z’akababaro (Pretium Doloris) zatanzwe. Mu igika cya 11 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa mu gusobanura (motivation) y’urubanza, urukiko rwavuze ko indishyi z’akababaro zikwiye gutangwa ari 1 080 000frw ariko mu icyemezo cy’urukiko rwemeza ko izi ndishyi Radiant ikwiye kwishyura 108 000 frw gusa, ko urukiko rwajuririwe ko rwabikosora rukemeza ko izikwiye kwishyurwa ari 1 080 000frw kuko nizo ziteganywa mu ingingo ya 19 y’iteka rya Perezida. [26] Uhagarariye Radiant asanga ku ngingo irebana n’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Nzayisenga ku bijyanye n’indishyi mbangamirabukungu nta shingiro bugomba guhabwa kubera impamvu zikurikira: Nk’uko Radiant yabiburanye n’ubu ikaba aribyo ishyigikiye iremeza ko mu kubara indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Radiant isanga hagomba kugenderwa kuri SMIG ya 3000 kuko Nzayisenga Claude atigeze agaragaza umusaruro yinjizaga. Kuvuga ko yari afite permis

ubwabyo ntibihagije kugaragaza akazi yakoraga kimwe n’umusaruro yinjizaga akaba ariyo mpamvu agomba kubarirwa hashingiwe kuri SMIG. Ikigomba gusobanuka aha ni ukugaragaza ko abantu bose bafite permis bidasobanuye ko ari abamotari. Ibi Radiant inabishingira kuba nyuma yo gusaba amakuru kuri moto Nzayisenga yari atwaye ku kumenya niba iri muri database za FERWACOTAMO yandikiye Radiant isubiza ko iyo moto itari muri database zayo. Icyo kimenyetso kikaba cyaratanzwe mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga. Iyo rero Nzayisenga aza kuba ari motard yari kuba agaragara muri koperative imwe iba muri FERWACOTAMO kuko abakora akazi bose k’ubumotari bibumbira mu mashyirahamwe yose akaba abarizwa muri FERWACOTAMO. Bityo indishyi 2 https://www.linternaute.fr/expression/langue-francaise/18561/juger-ex-aequo-et-bono

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mbangamirabukungu

agomba

kugenerwa

akaba

ari

izi

zikurikira: 3000x30x12x43x54%=25.077.600: 1+(8%x43) 4,44 = 5.648.108frw. Ku birebana n’indishyi z’akababaro Urukiko rwabisuzuma rukareba ibikwiye niba ari ayatanzwe n’Urukiko cg asabwa na Nzayisenga. [27] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi mbangamira bukungu, urukiko rurasanga Nzayisenga Claude yagumana indishyi yagenewe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga kubera ko nta bimenyetso atanga bigaragaza ko yinjizaga amafranga ibihumbi icumi (10 000 frw) ku munsi kubera ko ibyo avuga ko yari umumotari nta kintu kibigaragaza bityo akaba yaragombaga kubarirwa kuri SMIG y’ibihumbi bitatu (3 000 frw) nk’uko byakozwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga. [28] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’akababaro, urukiko rurasanga Nzayisenga Claude yaragize ubumuga bungana na 54 % bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 19 y’iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, indishyi zari gutangwa zari kuba 100% by’umushahara ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko = 3000 x30 x12 x 100 % = 1 080 000 frw nyamara urukiko rwisumbuye rwakoze amakosa rumugenera 108,000frw bigaragara ko habayeho kwibeshya bikaba bigomba gukosorwa cyane mu isesengura ry’urubanza urukiko rwari rwagaragaje ko Nzayisenga Claude agomba guhabwa 1 080 000 frw. • Kumenya niba hari izindi ndishyi zatangwa mu bujurire [29] Nzayisenga Claude avuga ko kuba umwishingizi yaranze

gutanga indishyi mu bwumvikane bakarinda bagera mu rukiko ndetse bikaba binarinze bigera mu urwego rw’ubujurire niwe ukwiye kwirengera ibikomeza kurushorwamo byose bityo urukiko rwajuririwe ko rwagenera Nzayisenga Claude 500 000frw y’igihembo cy’avoka ndetse na 250 000 frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [30] Uhagaraiye Radiant asanga amafranga asabwa atatangwa kuko ntaho umushingamategeko yateganyije muri ririya teka rya Perezida ko mu gihe hatabayeho ubwumvikane ko umwishingizi azaba penalise na cyane ko ubwumvikane bushobora kunanizwa na buri ruhande. Kuvuga ko hakwishyurwa 500.000 ku rwego rw'ubujurire Radiant isanga itagomba gutegekwa kuyishyura kuko ifite uburenganzira bwo kujuririra urubanza ruyirenganya. Ikindi kuvuga ko hagenwa ikurikiranarubanza rya 250.000 Radiant isanga aramutse agenwe n'Urukiko nta butabera bwaba burimo kuko nta gikorwa na kimwe cyakozwe n'abaregera indishyi gituma ayo mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza atangwa kuko nta assignation bahaye umwishingizi kuko Radiant yajuriye urukiko rugashyiramo italiki kuko ababuranyi bose bari bahujwe n'urubanza ntibyabaye ngombwa kubahamagara. Nta mafaranga yagenwa muri uru rubanza. [31] Urukiko rurasanga Nzayisenga Claude yagumana igihembo cya miliyoni imwe (1 000 000 frw) bahawe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga kubera ko kirahagije kuri uru rubanza kandi ubujurire bwa RADIANT bwahawe ishingiro kuri bimwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

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[32] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd n’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe Nzayisenga Claude bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [33] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RC 00041/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ihindutse gusa ku ndishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe ku kazi n’indishyi z’akababaro. [34] Rutegetse ko Radiant Insurance Company Ltd guha Nzayisenga Claude indishyi zikurikira: • Indishyi mbangamirabukungu zingana na 5.451 .652 frw; • Indishyi z’akababaro zingana 1 080 000 frw; • Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe ku kazi zingana na 540 000 frw; • Indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka zinganana 2 160 000 frw; • Amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka, amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza, amafaranga yo kwivuza, amafaranga yaguze dosiye, zingana na 1.225.900frw. Yose hamwe akaba 10 457 552 frw. [35] Rutegetse ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ihwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.