UBUSHINJACYAHA vs OKECHUKWU

UBUSHINJACYAHA vs OKECHUKWU

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-04-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00290/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs OKECHUKWU [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00290/2023/CA (Umugwaneza., P.J.) 29 Mata 2024] Imyandikire y’amategeko – Itegeko risobanura irindi – Itegeko risobanura irindi rifata kamere y’iryo risobanura, rigasubira inyuma mugukurikizwa kuva igihe Itegeko risobanura ryatangarijwe mu igazeti ya Leta. Amategeko mpanabyaha – Itegeko rishya n’Itegeko rya kera – ibihano – n’ubwo Itegeko rishya ryaba riteganya igihano cyoroheje, Urukiko ntiruhita rugabanya igihano uregwa yahanishijwe kugeza ku gihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha aregwa mu Itegeko rishya. Incamacye y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye ubushinjacyaha burega Okechukwu na Wagula mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine nyuma yaho Okwecukwu ukomoka mu gihugu cya Nigeria afatiwe ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali, n’urwego rushinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka (Immigration) nyuma yo gukekwaho gutwara mu nda ibyo ibiyobyabwenge hafashwe kandi Wagula ukomoka mu gihugu cya Uganda, afatirwa ku mupaka wa Gatuna agerageza kwambuka yerekeza Uganda, afatwa akekwaho kuba ari we wazaniye Okechukwu ibyo biyobyabwenge. Ubushinjacyaha busaba Urukiko kwemeza ko ibyaha baregwa bibahama bagahanishwa buri wese igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 30.000.000Frw. Okechukwu yaburanye yemera ko yafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge bya heroine, asobanura ko yari asanzwe

abikoresha ko kubigendana mu nda bwari uburyo bwo kubibika mu ibanga rye, yakumva akeneye kunywaho akagenda agafataho gake gake. Wagula we ntiyigeze yitabira iburanisha, hagaragazwa icyemezo cya muganga cyemeza ko atakiriho, ko yapfuye ku wa 19/09/2019. Urukiko mu rubanza RP01234/2019/TGI/NYGE rwemeje ko Wagula atagomba gukurikiranwa kuko atakiriho, rwemeza ko Okechukwu, ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 30.000.000Frw. Ndetse rwemeza ko heroine ingana n’udupfunyika mirongo irindwi na tubiri (72 boules) yafatiriwe itwikwa. Okechukwu yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahawe ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, akavuga ko afite umuryango utabayeho neza kandi nk’umunyamahanga adafite umugeraho aho afungiye kandi arwaye. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Okechukwu atagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko mbere yahakanaga icyaha, ko kuba acyemera mu bujurire bitashingirwaho ngo agabanyirizwe ibihano. Urukiko mu rubanza RPA00235/2020/HC/KIG, rwemeje ko kuba Okechukwu yaraburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi kandi akaba yari yaranacyemeye mu nzego zose yanyuzemo no kuba bwari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma agabanyirizwa ibihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu

y’amafaranga 21.000.000Frw. Okechukwu yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zashoboraga gushingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, izo mpamvu zikaba zirimo kuba aburana yemera icyaha; kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza; kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge; kuba afite ikibazo cy’uburwayi bukomeye; kuba kumugabanyiriza igihano byafasha Leta kuzigamira igihugu (saving) ibimugendaho ndetse no kuba aramutse agabanyirijwe igihano ibyaba byari bigambiriwe mu guhana byaba bigezweho, aribyo: guhanwa no kwamburwa uburenganzira bwo kwigenga, kugorora uwakoze icyaha kugira ngo asubire mu buzima busanzwe no gukumira ibyaha. Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gushingira kuri izo mpamvu

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zose zimaze kuvugwa, Okechukwu akagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3) nacyo kigasubikwa kubera ko arwaye. Mu gihe cy’iburanisha Me Ilimubuhanga wunganira Okechukwu yavuze ko mu nkiko zibanza uwo yunganira yahanwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko ritariho kuko izo nkiko zashingiye ku Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, ryatangiye gukurikizwa nyuma y’uko icyaha akurikiranweho gikozwe. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ingingo y’ubujurire ijyanye no kuba inkiko zibanza zarashingiye ku Itegeko ritariho, idakwiye gusuzumwa kuko itigeze iburanwaho mu rubanza rujuririrwa, buvuga kandi ko itanzwe impitagihe. Ariko ko iramutse yakiriwe, Urukiko rwazabona ko nta shingiro ifite kuko Itegeko risobanura irindi rifata kamere y’iryo risobanura, rigasubira inyuma mugukurikizwa kuva igihe Itegeko risobanura ryatangarijwe mu igazeti ya Leta. Urukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00290/2023/CA, rwemeje ko ingingo ijyanye no kuba Okwecukwu yarahanwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko ritariho nubwo yatanzwe impitagih, ikwiye gusuzumwa kuko ijyanye n’amategeko ndemyagihugu kandi inzitizi zishingiye ku mategeko ndemyagihugu zibyutswa zikanasuzumwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose. Urukiko rwemeje kandi ko Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubuzima mu nshingano ze rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge bigize buri cyiciro rigomba gusubira inyuma (effet

rétroactif), rigakurikizwa ku va umunsi Itegeko ryasobanuye (Itegeko N° 68/202018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange) ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta. Urukiko rwemeza na none ko adakwiye kugabanyirizwa cyangwa gusubikirwa ibihano kubera uburemere bw’icyaha akurikiranweho. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Itegeko risobanura irindi rifata kamere y’iryo risobanura, rigasubira inyuma mugukurikizwa kuva igihe Itegeko risobanura ryatangarijwe mu igazeti ya Leta. Bityo, kuko Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo kuko risobanura Itegeko N° 68/202018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ritangira gukurikizwa igihe iri tegeko ryatangarijwe mu igazeti ya Leta.

2. Inzitizi ndemyagihugu zizamurwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose. Bityo, gushingira ku Itegeko ritariho ni inzitizi ndemyagihugugu ishobora no gutangwa bwa mbere mu bujurire bwa kabiri. 3. n’ubwo Itegeko rishya ryaba riteganya igihano cyoroheje, Urukiko ntiruhita rugabanya igihano uregwa yahanishijwe kugeza ku gihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha aregwa mu Itegeko rishya, kuko rugabanya igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha, ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, rutanga igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha cyakozwe.

4. Umucamanza ntategetswe buri gihe kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, ahubwo agena ibihano mu bushishozi bwe hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha cyakozwe n’uburyo cyakozwemo n’uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe y’itwara. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu Ingingo ya 127, 181,183 Ingingo ya 49, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange Ingingo ya 3 agace ka (1) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange Imanza zifashishijwe:

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urubanza RPA 00036/2021/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Urayeneza Cyriaque rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/09/2022, igika cya igika 20 – 27. Reba urubanza RPA 0129/10/CS, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MPITABAKANA (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V. 2, Ukwakira 2014. p.127). rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014 Urubanza RPA0249/13/CS, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NTEZIRYAYO Emmanuel (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V.2, Mata, 2018, p.120- 121). rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016, Urubanza RPAA 00579/2022/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na HABUMUGISHA Alphonse rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024, igika cya 14 Urubanza RPAA 00566/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na NDAYISABA Théoneste alias Hongo rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024, igika cya 16 Urubanza RPAA 00752/2021/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NDAYAMBAJE Eugène rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024, igika cya 15. Urubanza RPA 0282/08/CS haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NYIRANGONDO Virginie, (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, Igitabo cya mbere, nº 8, Mutarama 2011, page 21-22). rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/03/2010 Urubanza RPAA 00040/2023/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MUDASHINGWA MUDASHIRWA Charles rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/19/2023. igika cya 17 Urubanza.

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Tariki ya 21/10/2018, Livinus Okwecukwu ukomoka mu gihugu cya Nigeria ari ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali i Kanombe, yafashwe n’urwego rushinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka (Immigration) nyuma yo gukekwaho gutwara mu nda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine. Hafashwe na Sam Wagula ukomoka mu gihugu cya Uganda, afatirwa ku mupaka wa Gatuna uhuza u Rwanda na Uganda ubwo yageragezaga kwambuka yerekeza Uganda, afatwa hakekwa ko ari we wari wazaniye Livinus Okechukwu ibyo biyobyabwenge yafatanwe. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranyeho Livinus Okechukwu na Sam Wagula icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine, bubaregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, busaba kwemeza ko kibahama bagahanishwa buri wese igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw). [3] Livinus Okechukwu yaburanye yemera ko yafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge bya heroine, asobanura ko yari asanzwe abikoresha ko kubigendana mu nda bwari uburyo bwo kubibika mu ibanga rye, yakumva akeneye kunywaho akagenda agafataho gake gake. Sam Wagula we ntiyigeze yitabira iburanisha, hagaragazwa icyemezo cya muganga cyemeza ko atakiriho, ko yapfuye ku wa 19/09/2019. [4] Mu rubanza RP01234/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 10/01/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko Sam Wagula atagomba gukurikiranwa kuko atakiriho nk’uko byemezwa n’icyemezo cya muganga kigaragaza ko yapfuye ku wa 19/09/2019. Kuri Livinus Okechukwu, Urukiko rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine, birimo : Kuba yemera ko yafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine udupfunyika mirongo irindwi na tubiri (72 boules) yazimize mu nda afatirwa ku kibuga cy’indege

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mpuzamahanga cya Kigali agiye kwerekeza mu kindi gihugu (we yita muri Espagne), akavuga ko yari yabitumwe n’uwitwa Masero uba muri Espagne ; Imvugo ya Sam Wagula yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha ; Inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira ry’ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine udupfunyika mirongo irindwi na tubiri (72 boules) Livinus Okechukwu yasinyeho nyuma y’uko bibonetse ari uko kwa muganga bamuhaye imiti yo kubyituma ; Raporo ya KFL (Kigali Forensic laboratory) igaragaza ko ibyo Livinus Okechukwu yafatanywe bifite 93% ya Heroine ; Raporo ya muganga yemeza ko Livinus Okechukwu yahawe imiti kugira ngo ibiyobyabwenge yabitse mu nda abyitume. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Livinus Okechukwu ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw) ndetse rwemeza ko heroine ingana n’udupfunyika mirongo irindwi na tubiri (72 boules) yafatiriwe itwikwa. [5] Livinus Okechukwu yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahawe ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha aregwa anasaba imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, akavuga ko afite umuryango utabayeho neza kandi nk’umunyamahanga adafite umugeraho aho afungiye kandi arwaye. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Livinus Okechukwu atagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko mbere yahakanaga icyaha, ko kuba

acyemera mu bujurire bitashingirwaho ngo agabanyirizwe ibihano kuko atari itegeko kugabanya igihano igihe cyose hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo ibihano bigenwa mu bushishozi bw’Umucamanza. [7] Mu rubanza RPA00235/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 31/5/2023, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze kuba Livinus Okechukwu yaraburanye yemera icyaha aregwa anagisabira imbabazi kandi akaba yari yaranacyemeye mu nzego zose yanyuzemo no kuba bwari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma agabanyirizwa ibihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). [8] Livinus Okechukwu yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA00290/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 04/04/2024, Livinus Okechukwu asemurirwa na Niyonsaba Jean de Dieu, anunganiwe na Me Ilimubuhanga Jean de Dieu, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire, Livinus Okechukwu n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zashoboraga gushingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, izo mpamvu zikaba zirimo kuba aburana yemera icyaha; kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza; kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge; kuba afite ikibazo cy’uburwayi bukomeye; kuba kumugabanyiriza igihano byafasha Leta

kuzigamira igihugu (saving) ibimugendaho ndetse no kuba aramutse agabanyirijwe igihano ibyaba byari bigambiriwe mu guhana byaba bigezweho, aribyo: guhanwa no kwamburwa uburenganzira bwo kwigenga, kugorora uwakoze icyaha kugira ngo asubire mu buzima busanzwe no gukumira ibyaha. Basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gushingira kuri izo mpamvu zose zimaze kuvugwa, Livinus Okechukwu akagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3) nacyo kigasubikwa kubera ko arwaye cyane ku buryo ashobora no kuburira ubuzima muri gereza.

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[10] Mu gihe cy’iburanisha Me Ilimubuhanga Jean de Dieu yavuze ko mu nkiko zibanza uwo yunganira yahanwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko ritariho kuko izo nkiko zashingiye ku Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, ryatangiye gukurikizwa nyuma y’uko icyaha gikurikiranwe gikozwe, bivuze ko Livinus Okechukwu yakoze icyaha atazi uburemere bwacyo n’ingaruka zacyo kuko ibiyobyabwenge byari bitarashyirwa mu biciro. Bityo ko hashingirwa ku Itegeko ryakoreshwaga icyo gihe, maze agahanwa nk’uwafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje, agahanishwa igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka itanu (5 ans) n’irindwi (7 ans). [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ingingo y’ubujurire ijyanye no kuba inkiko zibanza zarashingiye icyemezo ku Itegeko ritariho, idakwiye gusuzumwa kuko itigeze iburanwaho mu rubanza rujuririrwa kandi ujurira aba afite inshingano zo kugaragaza amakosa anenga urubanza rujuririrwa no kugaragaza uburyo yakosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa Urukiko, byongeye kandi ikaba itanzwe impitagihe. Ariko ko iramutse yakiriwe, Urukiko rwazabona ko nta shingiro ifite kuko Itegeko risobanura irindi rifata kamere y’iryo risobanura, rigasubira inyuma mugukurikizwa kuva igihe Itegeko risobanura ryatangarijwe mu igazeti ya Leta. [12] Ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano ndetse n’isubikagihano risabwa na Livinus

Okechukwu, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije kandi bukurikije amategeko ku buryo atakabaye yongera kugabanyirizwa, ariko ko Urukiko ruramutse rusanze yakongera kugabanyizwa, yagabanyirizwa hashingiwe ku Itegeko n° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, hakitabwa no kuburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’umunane (18), icyo gihano kikaba kidashobora gusubikwa kuko hasubikwa igifungo kitarenze imyaka itanu (5). [13] Hakurikijwe imiburanire y’impande zombi, muri uru rubanza harasuzuwa ibibazo bikurikira Kumenya niba impamvu y’ubujurire ijyanye no kuba inkiko zibanza zarafashe icyemezo zishingiye ku Itegeko ritariho ikwiye gusuzumwa n’ingaruka byagira ; Kumenya niba Livinus OKECHUKWU yagabanyirizwa akanasubikirwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Ibyerekeye kumenya niba impamvu y’ubujurire ijyanye no kuba inkiko zibanza zarafashe icyemezo zishingiye ku Itegeko ritariho ikwiye gusuzumwa n’ingaruka byagira [14] Me Ilimubuhanga Jean de Dieu avuga ko mu nkiko zibanza uwo yunganira yahanwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko ritariho ariryo Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, kuko icyaha

gikurikiranywe cyakozwe mu kwezi kwa 21/10/2018, iryo Teka ritangira gukurikizwa ku wa 04/03/2019, ko rere ritari gusubira inyuma ngo ryifashishwe mu gukemura ibibazo byabayeho mbere y’uko ritangira gukurikizwa (effet retroctif), bivuze ko Livinus Okechukwu yakoze icyaha atazi uburemere bwaco n’ingaruka zacyo kuko ibiyobyabwenge byari bitarashyirwa mu biciro, ko rero yagombaga guhanwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 263 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanwa nk’ufatanwe ibiyobyabwene byoroheje, agahanishwa igifugo kiri hagati y’imyaka itanu (5 ans) n’imyaka irindwi (7 ans). [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire idakwiye gusuzumwa kuko itigeze igibwaho impaka mu rubanza rujuririrwa, kandi ujurira aba afite inshingano yo kugaragaza amakosa anenga urubanza rujuririrwa n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko

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n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa Urukiko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, byongeye kandi ikaba yaratanzwe nyuma y’igihe cyo kujurira giteganywa mu ngingo ya 181y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 rimaze kuvugwa. Avuga ariko ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi, rugasanga ikwiye kwakirwa, rwabona ko nta shingiro ifite kuko Itegeko risobanura irindi rifata kamere y’iryo risobanura, rigasubira inyuma mugukurikizwa kuva igihe Itegeko risobanura ryatangarijwe mu igazeti ya Leta nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA00031/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’ubujurire ku wa 23/09/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Urayeneza Cyriaque. Uko Urukiko rubibona [16] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ingingo y’ubujurire ijyanye no kuba inkiko zibanza zarashingiye icyemezo ku Itegeko ritariho ikwiye kwakirwa igasuzumwa mu gihe itaburanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kandi ikaba yaratanzwe mu gihe cy’iburanisha, ni ukuvuga nyuma y’igihe cyo kujurira giteganywa n’amategeko, no kumenya niba iramutse yakiriwe yahabwa ishingiro. Ku bijyanye n’iyakirwa [17] Ingingo ya 127 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko “mu iburanisha umucamanza asuzumira hamwe n’ababuranyi inzitizi ku rubanza zaba zitarakemuwe mu

iburanisha ry’ibanze akazifataho icyemezo. Nta nzitizi zindi zakirwa uretse izishingiye ku mategeko ndemyagihugu zishobora kwakirwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose”. [18] Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko inzitizi ishingiye ku mategeko ndemyagihugu ishobora kubyutswa ikanakirwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose n’aho arubanza rwaba rugeze hose. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ikibazo kijyanye no kuba Livinus Okwecukwu yarahanwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko ritariho kitarigeze kiburanwaho mu rubanza rujuririrwa, nyamara Iteka rya Minisite Nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo ryemeza ko heroine ari ikiyobyabwenge gihambaye, ari naryo Me Ilimubuhanga Jean de Dieu avuga ko ryashingiweho kandi ryari ritaratangira gukurizwa igihe icyaha cyakorwaga, ryarashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. Rurasanga kandi iki kibazo kitarigeze kigaragazwa mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire muri uru Rukiko watanzwe mu gihe cyo kujurira giteganywa n’amategeko, ahubwo cyaravugiwe mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 04/04/2024. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga n’ubwo Urukiko rwajuririwe rusuzuma inenge ziba zagaragajwe n’uwajuriye anenga urubanza ajuririra1 ndetse zatanzwe mu gihe cyo kujurira giteganywa n’amategeko2, iyi ngingo ijyanye no kuba Livinus Okwecukwu yarahanwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko ritariho ikwiye gusuzumwa kuko ijyanye n’amategeko ndemyagihugu kandi inzitizi zishingiye ku mategeko ndemyagihugu zibyutswa zikanasuzumwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose.

1 Ingingo ya 183, agace ka 5° n’aka 6° y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu ivuga ko “Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza 5° urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa ; 6° ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko 2 Ingingo ya 181 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu ivuga ko “Kujurira bikorwa mu gihe kitarenga iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku itariki urubanza rwaciriweho ku muburanyi wari uhari cyangwa ahagarariwe igihe urubanza rwacibwaga. Icyo gihe gikurikizwa kandi ku muburanyi wamenyeshejwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, umunsi urubanza ruzacibwaho ntaze cyangwa ngo yohereze umuhagararira”.

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Ku bijyanye n’ishingiro iyi ngingo ikwiye guhabwa [21] Mu rubanza RPAA00031/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/10/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bahati Françoise, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko itegeko risobanura irindi rifatwa nk’igice cy’itegeko risobanura ku buryo Urukiko rugomba kuryubahiriza, bivuze ko itegeko risobanura irindi risubira inyuma (effet rétroactif), rigakurizwa ku va umunsi itegeko ryasobanuwe ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta, n’ubwo ryaba rikomeye cyangwa ryoroheje. Ibyo bisobanura rero ko ikurikizwa ry’itegeko risobanura irindi ari irengayobora ry’ihame ryo kudasubira inyuma (exception au principe de la non rétroactivité)3. [22] Uwo murongo wongeye kugarukwaho mu rubanza RPA00036/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/09/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Urayeneza Cyriaque. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze umurongo wafashwe mu rubanza RPAA00019/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/06/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Murekatete Immaculée n’urubanza RPAA00155/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/06/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bucyeye Pascal, w’uko Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo ritashingirwaho mu guhana abakoze ibyaha mbere y’uko risohoka mu igazeti ya Leta, udakwiye gukurikizwa, ko umurongo ukwiye gukurikizwa ari

uwafashwe mu rubanza RPAA00031/2021/CA kuko ari rwo rubanza rwaciwe bwa nyuma, ari narwo rwasobanuye mu buryo buri bwo ndetse bunemeranywaho n’abahanga mu mategeko impamvu Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo rikwiriye gukurikizwa4. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibivugwa na Me Ilimubuhanga Jean de Dieu y’uko Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo ryashingiweho n’inkiko zibanza mu kwemeza ko heroine ibarizwa mu cyiciro cy’ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye ritagombaga gushingirwaho kuko ryatangiye gukurikizwa nyuma y’igihe icyaha gikurikiranywe cyakorewe, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko iryo teka ryaje gusobanura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko byari byateganyijwe mu ngingo ya 263, igika cya 4 y’iryo Tegeko ivuga ko “Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubuzima mu nshingano ze rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge bigize buri cyiciro”, iri teka rya Minisitiri rero rikaba rigomba gusubira inyuma (effet rétroactif), rigakurizwa ku va umunsi Itegeko ryasobanuye (Itegeko N° 68/202018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange) ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta. Bityo ingingo y’ubujurire ijyanye no kuba inkiko zibanza zarashingiye ku itegeko ritariho, ikaba nta shingiro ifite. Ibyerekeye kumenya

niba Livinus OKECHUKWU yagabanyirizwa akanasubikirwa igihano. [24] Livinus Okechukwu n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zashoboraga gushingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano zirimo kuba aburana yemera icyaha; kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza; kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge; kuba afite ikibazo cy’uburwayi bukomeye; kuba kumugabanyiriza igihano byafasha Leta kuzigamira igihugu (saving) ibimugendaho ndetse no kuba aramutse agabanyirijwe igihano ibyaba byari bigambiriwe mu guhana byaba bigezweho. [25] Livinus Okechukwu n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibishingirwaho mu gutanga ibihano biteganywa mu ngingo ya 71 y’Itegeko Ngenga N° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa

3 Reba igika cya 23 cy’urwo rubanza 4 Reba urubanza n° RPA 00036/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujuritre ku wa 23/09/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na URAYENEZA Cyriaque igika cya igika 20 – 27.

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02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana5, ntirwasuzuma impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yarugaragarije zimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, ahubwo rushingira ku ngingo ya 59 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ruvuga ko Umucamanza adategetswe kugabanya igihano igihe cyose hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, rushingira no ku ngingo ya 60 y’iryo Tegeko rimaze kuvugwa ibuza Umucamanza kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, rwirengagiza inshingano zarwo zo gutanga ubutabera hashingiwe ku miterere y’ikiburanwa, ruhanisha Livinus Okechukwu igihano ntayegazwa, nyamara mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2019 habura Kabasinga Florida na Leta y’u Rwanda, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwaremeje ko kubuza Urukiko kugabanya igihano mu buryo bukwiye binyuranije n’amahame yo gutanga ubutabera buboneye kuko igihano ntayegayezwa kinyuranye n’ihame ryo guca urubanza ruboneye riteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 29 y’Itegeko Nshinga. [26] Ku bijyanye no kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza, Livinus Okechukwu n’umwunganira bavuga ko yari asanzwe ari indakemwa mu mico no mu myifatire, ibyo bakabishingira ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko kuko nta kindi cyaha yigeze akurikiranwaho ngo agihanirwe. Naho ku bijyanye no kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge bakavuga ko yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge bya heroine bingana

na garama enye (4g), bityo ko hakwiye gukurikizwa umurongo watanzwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire uvuga ko iyo nta bimenyetso bigaragaza ko uregwa wafatanywe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge yahinze, yatunze cyangwa yabitse yari agamije kubikwirakwiza no kubigurisha, afatwa nk’uwari ugamije kubyikoreshereza (simple drug possession) aho kubicuruza no kubikwirakwiza (drug trafficking /drug distribution), agahabwa ibihano bito6; maze Livinus Okechukwu nawe agahanishwa igihano gito kuko yafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge. [27] Ku bijyanye no kuba Livinus Okechukwu afite ikibazo cy’uburwayi bukomeye, we n’umwunganira bavuga ko atahwemye kugaragaza ko afite ikibazo cy’umuvuduko w’amaraso, igifu na diyabete kandi ko nk’umunyamahanga bimugoye kubona uko yabona régime igenerwa ubwo burwayi afite bitewe n’uko iwabo batabona uko bamwoherereza amafaranga ngo abone uko yakwiyitaho, byongeye kandi akaba ari nawe wari utunze umuryango we, ko rero mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima bwe yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko ashobora no kuburira ubuzima muri gereza. Ku bijyanye no kuba kumugabanyiriza igihano byafasha Leta kuzigamira igihugu, Livinus Okechukwu n’umwunganira bavuga ko hari ibyo Leta imutangaho umunsi ku wundi kugira ngo abashe kubaho, birimo umuriro, amazi, abacungagereza, kwivuza, kurya buri munsi kandi ntacyo ayinjiriza, ibyo bikaba byemezwa na raporo za RCS zigaragaza ko umufungwa Leta imutangaho amafaranga arenga ibihumbi cumi (10.000Frw) ku munsi, bityo ko aramutse agabanyirijwe igihano agafungurwa amafaranga yamugendagaho Leta yayashora mu bikorwa by’iterambere.

5 Ingingo ya 71 y’Itegeko n° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ivuga ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uko uhanwa yakoze icyaha, ashingiye ku mpamvu zabimuteye, uko uwakoze icyaha yari asanzwe yitwara, uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo n‟imibereho ye bwite”. Urukiko ruributsa ko Itegeko Ngenga rivuzwe haruguru ryakuweho n’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, aho ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 71 byagarutse mu ngingo ya 49, igika cya mbere y’iryo tegeko ivuga ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”. 6 Bavuga ko izo manza zafashe uwo murongo harimo: - Urubanza RPAA 00147/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na BUTERA Gedeon (igika cya 19, 20); - Urubanza Nº RPAA 00132/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na UYISENGA Théogène alias Rasta; - Urubanza Nº RPAA 00200/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na HAKIZIMANA Eric (igika cya 33); - N’urubanza Nº RPAA 00327/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/01/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MUSIRIKARE Jean Damascène (igika cya 22-25).

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[28] Ku binjyanye ko kuba ibyari bigamijwe mu gutanga igihano byaragezweho, Livinus Okechukwu n’umwunganira bavuga ko aramutse agabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3) ndetse kigasubikwa cyose, ibyaba bigambiriwe mu gutanga igihano (purpose of sentence) aribyo guhanwa no kwamburwa uburenganzira bwo kwigenga, kugorora uwakoze icyaha kugira ngo asubire mu buzima busanzwe, gukumira ibyaha no kugabanya isubiracyaha byagezweho. Ibyo bikaba bigaragazwa n’uko Livinus Okechukwu atahwemye gusaba imbabazi no kuba yemera kugororoka ku buryo aramutse agabanyirijwe igihano yagenda atanga ubuhamya ku bantu bakinisha ibyaha, kuko yarangije kubona ingaruka z’icyaha cyakozwe bimutera gufata ingamba zo kwikosora akaba umuntu mwiza utazongera kurangwa n’ibyaha kandi ko yabereye akabarore abandi bari bafite imigambi yo kwishora mu byaha, kurekurwa kwe rero kukaba kwafasha mu gutanga ubuhamya ku bandi nabo bakareka iyo migambi mibi yo kwishora mu byaha. [29] Basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwita kuri izo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zose zimaze kuvugwa, Livinus Okechukwu akagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3) nacyo kigasubikwa cyose kubera ko arwaye cyane ku buryo ashobora no kuburira ubuzima muri gereza. [30] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Livinus Okechukwu bugamije kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa igihano nta shingiro bufite kubera ko ku rwego rwa

mbere yagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije kandi bukurikije amategeko, bityo ko atakabaye yongera kugabanyirizwa. Ku bijyaye no kuba ari ubwa mbere Livinus Okechukwu yari akoze icyaha akaba yari asanzwe ari indakemwa mu mico no mu myifatire, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyi mpamvu yashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru Livinus agabanyirizwa igihano nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, bityo akaba adakwiriye kongera kuyigarura. [31] Ku bijyanye no kuvuga ko hagomba gushingirwa ku ngingo ya 71 y’Itegeko Ngenga N° 01/2012 OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko atabona impamvu Livinus Okechukwu avuga ko Urukiko rwari kuyishingiraho kandi icyaha akurikiranweho cyarakozwe ku wa 21/10/2018, mu gihe iri Tegeko Ngenga ryari ritagikurikizwa, kuko ryari ryarasimbuwe n’irindi tegeko ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta ku wa 27/09/2018. [32] Ku bijyanye no kuvuga ko Livinus Okechukwu yafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko atabona aho Livinus Okechukwu n’umwunganira bahera bavuga ko ibiyobyabwenge bya heroine bingana n’udupfunyika mirongo irindwi na tubiri (72 boules) ari bikeya kabone n’iyo byaba bipima garama enye (4g) nk’uko babivuga. Ko ingano yabyo nk’ibiyobyabywenge bya heroine ari nini cyane kuko ikiyobyabyenge umunyacyaha yemera akamira akagitwara mu nda, ari nako kiba gihenze

kinahambaye mu kugirira nabi ubuzima bw’umuntu, ko rero uko kiba kingana kose, atari ibyo Livinus yakoreshaga wenyine, ahubwo byari ibyo gukwirakwiza ahantu hatandukanye abiha abandi barimo Masero nk’uko abyivugira, bityo ko iyi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha nta shingiro ifite. [33] Ku bijyanye no kuba Livinus Okechukwu avuga ko afite uburwayi bukomeye, ko ubuzima bwe buri mu kaga, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko n’ubwo nta kimenyetso cy’uko ubuzima bwa Livinus Okechukwu buri mu kaga, adakwiye kwitwaza ingaruka z’icyaha ngo asabe kuba yagabanyirizwa igihano, kuko kuba afunze atabasha kujya aho ashaka, ari ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze. Naho ku bijyanye no kuba kugabanyiriza igihano Livinus Okechukwu byafasha Leta kuzigamira igihugu, uhagarariye Ubushinjacayaha avuga ko impuhwe Livinus Okechukwu agirira Leta ntaho zishingiye kuko itigeze ibura umutungo wo gutunga abakurikiranweho ibyaha cyangwa abo byahamye kuko ifite inshingano zo kwita ku batutage bayo no kugorora ababa batannye bakagongana n’Itegeko. Ibijyanye no kuba ibyari bigamijwe mu gutanga igihano byaragezweho, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha ntacyo yabivuzeho.

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[34] Ubushinjacyaha busoza imiburanire yabwo buvuga ko Livinus Okechukwu atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano nk’uko abisaba kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yagabanyirijwe bihagije kandi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ariko ko Urukiko ruramutse rubibonye ukundi rugasanga yakongera kugabanyirizwa, byakorwa hashingiwe ku Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, hakitabwa no kuburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’umunane (18). Naho ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano, akavuga ko icyo gihano kidashobora gusubikwa kuko hasubikwa igifungo kitarenze imyaka itanu (5). Uko Urukiko rubibona [35] Hakurikijwe ibivugwa na buri ruhande, Urukiko rurasanga impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Livinus Okechukwu yaragabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ku buryo atakongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akaba atanasubikirwa. Ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano risabwa na Livinus OKECHUKWU [36] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije cyafashweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukaze zaciwe n’izo nkiko harimo urubanza RPA0129/10/CS7; urubanza nº RPA 0249/13/CS8; urubanza RPAA00579/2022/CA9 n’urubanza RPAA 00566/2022/CA10. Muri izo manza inkiko zasobanuye ko abaregwa badakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano

hashingiwe ku kuba ku rwego rwa mbere baragabanyirijwe bihagije. [37] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Livinus Okechukwu yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine ingana n’udupfunyika mirongo irindwi na tubiri (72 boules) yabibitse mu nda, ku buryo kugira ngo biboneke yabanje guhabwa umuti na muganga arabyituma. Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko Livinus Okechukwu nawe ubwe yemera ko ibyo biyobyabwenge yabifatanwe, uretse ko agenda ahinduranya imvugo ku bijyanye n’icyo yari agamije kubikoresha aho mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 23/10/2018 yavuze ko asanzwe abikoresha ku giti cye anavuga ko yari abijyanye muri Espagne yabitumwe n’uwitwa Masero11, aburana mu Rukiko Rwisumuye avuga ko yari bubyikoreshereze ku giti cye12, ageze mu Rukiko Rukuru yongera kuvuga ko ibiyobyabwenge bya heroine asanzwe abikoresha, ko ibyo yafatanwe yari yabihawe n’uwitwa Wagula akavuga ko yari abijyanye mu gihugu cya Espagne kugira ngo abikoresheho ibindi abihe Masero kandi ko asanzwe abimujyanira13. [38] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko mu icibwa ry’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Livinus Okechukwu akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw) yari yarahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere kubera ko yemeye icyaha mu nzego zose yanyuzemo yaba mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha ndetse no mu nkiko. Rusanga ariko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano hagomba no kurebwa ku buremere bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye bya heroine abivana mu gihugu kimwe abijyana mu

7 Reba urubanza n° RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MPITABAKANA (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V. 2, Ukwakira 2014. p.127). 8 Reba urubanza n° RPA 0249/13/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NTEZIRYAYO Emmanuel (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V.2, Mata, 2018, p.120- 121). 9 Reba igika cya 14 cy’urubanza n° RPAA 00579/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na HABUMUGISHA Alphonse. 10 Reba igika cya 16 cy’urubanza n° RPAA 00566/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na NDAYISABA Théoneste alias Hongo. 11 Reba inyandiko mvugo y’ibazwa rya Livinus OKECUKWU mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 23/10/2018. 12 Reba igika cya 4 cy’urubanza n° RP 01234/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 10/01/2020. 13 Reba igika cya 5 icya 6 n’icya 11 by’urubanza rujuririrwa

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bindi bihugu ari naho yafatiwe mu Rwanda abifite munda agamije kubitwara muri Espagne, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’urwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw)14. [39] Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ibyo Livinus Okechukwu asaba byo kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko hashingiwe ku manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire zatanze uwo murongo, nta shingiro bifite kuko izo manza zaciwe asaba ko zashingirwaho zitategetse Umucamanza ko buri gihe agomba kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, ahubwo ikigaragara muri izo manza ari uko umucamanza ari we usuzuma niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma uregwa ashobora kugabanyirizwa ibihano, mu kubigabanya akareba mu bushishozi bwe aho iryo gabanya ryagarukira, ashingiye ku gaciro k’izo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ndetse n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe n’uburyo cyakozwemo, ari nayo mpamvu mu ngingo ya 59 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2012 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange umushingamategeko yavuze ko umucamanza “ashobora” kugabanya ibihano. Bivuze ko iyo ashobora igaragaza ko atari Itegeko ko agomba kugabanya ibihano ndetse binajyana nuko mu kubigabanya abigabanya ashingiye kubijyanye n’umwihariko w’urubanza afite bitagomba gusa byanze bikunze n’izindi manza zaciwe kuko imikorere y’icyaha iba

itandukanye15. [40] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu gihe uru Rukiko rwari rwararegewe urubanza rwa Livinus Okechukwu ariko urubanza rwe rutaracibwa, hasohotse Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, aho mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 (a) iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kandi ko igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [41] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA00752/2021/CA, n’ubwo Itegeko rishya ryaba riteganya igihano cyoroheje, Urukiko rudahita rugabanya igihano uregwa yahanishijwe kugeza ku gihano ntarengwa cyo hasi (gito) giteganyirijwe icyaha aregwa nk’uko bivugwa mu Itegeko rishya, kuko rugabanya igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha, ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, rugatanga igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha cyakozwe16. [42] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Livinus Okechukwu yarashoboraga kugumishwa ku gihano cyo gufungwa burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa heroine nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko n° 69/2019

ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 yahinduye ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko Urukiko Rukuru rumugabanyiriza igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu(25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) kubera ko yemeye icyaha. [43] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha Livinus Okechukwu yahamijwe cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bwa heroine abivana mu gihugu kimwe abijyana mu bindi bihugu nk’uko nawe abyiyiyemerera ko heroine yafatanwe yari ayijyanye mu Gihugu cya Espagne ayijyaniye uwitwa Masero kandi ko asanzwe ayimujyanira, harebwe n’amayeri menshi yakoresheje mu gutwaro ibyo biyobyabwenge aho yari abitwaye mu nda kugira ngo biboneke akabanza guhabwa umuti na muganga akabyituma; ibyo

14 Reba igika cya 17 n’icya 18 by’urubanza rujuririrwa. 15 Reba igika cya 19 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa 16 Reba igika cya 15 cy’urubanza n° RPAA 00752/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na NDAYAMBAJE Eugène.

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byose byongera uburemere bw’icyaha, ku buryo igihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kirebewe hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe n’uburyo cyakozwemo aricyo gikwiye, bityo icyo gihano kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa. [44] Ku bijyanye n’imiburanire ya Livinus Okechukwu n’umwunganira y’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibishingirwaho mu gutanga ibihano biteganywa mu ngingo ya 71 y’Itegeko Ngenga N° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro ifite kuko icyaha Livinus yahamijwe yagikoze ku wa 21/10/2018, Itegeko Ngenga N° 01/2012/0L ritagikurikizwa kuko ryari ryavanyweho n’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Uretse ko n’iyo ryari kuba ariryo rikurikizwa, nabyo ntacyo byamumarira kuko iyo ngingo yateganyaga ko Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uko uhanwa yakoze icyaha, ashingiye ku mpamvu zabimuteye, uko uwakoze icyaha yari asanzwe yitwara, uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo n’imibereho ye bwite, ibivugwa muri iyi ngingo bikaba ari nabyo byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru mukugenera Livinus Okechukwu igihano nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 18 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, aho rwagaragaje ko mukumugabanyiriza igihano hagomba no kwitabwa ku buremere bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye bya “heroine” abivana mu gihugu kimwe abijyana mu bindi. [45] Ku bijyanye na none

n’imiburanire ya Livinus Okechukwu n’umwunganira y’uko Urukiko rubanza rutagombaga gushingira ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange izitira umucamanza kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko, ahubwo ko rwagombaga gushingiro ku mirongo yatanzwe n’inkiko nkuru yemerera Umucamanza kuba yagabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano giteganywa n’Itegeko, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro ifite kuko nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye mu rubanza rujuririrwa Umucamanza adategetswe buri gihe kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, ahubwo agena ibihano mu bushishozi bwe hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha cyakozwe n’uburyo cyakozwemo n’uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe y’itwara nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru17 bikanashimangirwa n’umurungo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza n° RPA 0282/08/CS18 na n° RPAA 00040/2023/CA19. [46] Ku bijyanye n’imiburanira ya Livinus Okechukwu n’umwunganira y’uko yafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge bityo ko yafatwa nk’uwari ugamije kubyikoreshereza ku giti cye (simple drug possession) agahabwa ibihano bito, ibyo akabishingira ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza RPAA00147/2022/CA; urubanza RPAA 00132/2021/CA n’urubanza

RPAA00200/2020/CA. [47] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nayo nta shingiro ifite kuko uretse no kuba ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe atari bikeya nk’uko ashaka kubyumvikanisha (ubudupfunyika 72 twa heroine), nawe ubwe yiyemerera ko yafatiwe ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzahanga cya Kigali abijyanye mu gihugu cya Espagne abijyaniye uwitwa Masero, akanavuga ko yari asanzwe abimujyanira. Urukiko rukaba rusanga nk’uko n’inkiko zibanza zabibonye, ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe bitari ibyo kwikoreshereza

17 Ingingo ya 49, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu ivuga ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”. 18 Reba urubanza Nº RPA 0282/08/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/03/2010 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NYIRANGONDO Virginie, (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, Igitabo cya mbere, nº 8, Mutarama 2011, page 21- 22). 19 Reba igika cya 17 cy’urubanza n° RPAA 00040/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/19/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MUDASHINGWA MUDASHIRWA Charles.

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ku giti cye (simple drug possession) ahubwo yari agamije ku bikwirakwiza (drugs trafficking /drug distrubution). [48] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga umurongo wafashwe mu manza zavuzwe mu gika cya 26 na 46 by’uru rubanza ntacyo wamumarira kuko nko mu rubanza RPAA00147/2022/CA BUTERA Gedeon yafatanwe udupfunyika 22 tw’urumogi, mu rubanza RPAA00132/2021/CA UYISENGA Théogène afatanwa ibiti 3 by’urumogi yahinze mu murima naho mu rubanza RPAA00200/2020/CA Hakizimana Eric afatanwa ibiti 2 by’urumogi yahinze mu murima, aba bose Urukiko rwasanze hashingiwe ku ngano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge buri wese yafatanwe no kuba nta bindi bimenyetso byemeza ko bigeze babikwirakwiza, byari ibyo kwikoreshereza buri wese ku giti cye; ariko Livinus Okechukwu we akaba yarafatanwe ingano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru kandi hakaba hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko yari agamije kubikwirakwiza [49] Naho kubijyanye no kuvuga ko Livinus Okechukwu afite uburwayi kandi nk’umunyamahanga bikaba bimugoye kubona uko yabona régime igenerwa ubwo burwayi afite bitewe n’uko iwabo batabona uko bamwoherereza amafaranga ngo abone uko yakwiyitaho, byongeye kandi akaba ari nawe wari utunze umuryango we, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro byahabwa kuko kuba atari iwe mu rugo ahubwo akaba ari muri gereza, ari zimwe mu ngaruka zo gukora icyaha kuko iyo ataza gukora icyaha yakabaye ari iwe mu rugo akiyitaho

ndetse akanita ku muryango we, kandi nk’uko byemejwe mu manza nyinshi zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire20 atakwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha yakoze ngo azishingireho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [50] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw) Livinus Okechukwu yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze kikaba kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha iyo ariyo yose. Ibijyanye n’isubikagihano [51] Ingingo ya 3 agace ka (1) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”. [52] Uru Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo y’Itegeko imaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, rurasanga isubikagihano Livinus Okechukwu asaba adakwiye kurihabwa kuko yahanishinjwe igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [53] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Livinus Okechukwu nta shingiro bufite ; [54] Rwemeje ko urubanaza RPA00235/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/5/2023, rudahindutse ;

20 Harimo urubanza Nº RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014 haburana Umushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00080/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/07/2022, haburana HABIMANA Samson alias Moussa.

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[55] Rutegetse ko Livinus Okechukwu asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana bafunze