RUBAYIZA v SONARWA General Insurance Company Ltd

# RUBAYIZA v SONARWA General Insurance Company Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-04-24 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00026/2022/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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RUBAYIZA v SONARWA General Insurance Company Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00026/2022/SC (Mukamulisa, P.J, Nyirinkwaya, Cyanzayire, J.) 24 Mata 2023] Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imanza z’indishyi – Ibarwa ry’indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu - Iyo impanuka yateje ubumuga buhoraho butarengeje 30%, indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara w'umwaka muto. Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imanza z’indishyi – Ibarwa ry’indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka - Itegeko rishingirwaho mu kubara indishyi - Indishyi mbangamirabukungu - Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ni ryo rigomba gushingirwaho mu kubarira indishyi uwakoze impanuka akwiye guhabwa kuko ari ryo risobanura mu buryo burambuye uko abakoze impanuka bazishyurwa n’ibizashingirwaho. Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imanza z’indishyi – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Itegeko rishingirwaho mu kubara indishyi – Indishyi ku bumuga bw’igihe gito - Itegeko Nº 41/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na Moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka siryo rikwiye gushingirwaho mu gihe cyo kugena uburyo bwo kubara indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zishingiye ku bumuga buhoraho kuko indishyi zivugwa mu ngingo ya 4, igika cya 11, icya 22, n’icya 33 by’iryo Tegeko, ari izijyanye n’ubumuga bw’igihe gito (incapacité temporaire de travail). Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza – Kubahiriza imirongo yafashwe n’Inkiko - Buri Rukiko rugomba kubahiriza umurongo rwafashe ku kibazo runaka cyangwa umurongo wafashwe n’urukiko rurukuriye kuri icyo kibazo. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga nk’Urukiko rukuriye izindi, nirwo soko nkuru y’imirongo inkiko zindi zigenderaho, ari nayo mpamvu y’imiterere yarwo yihariye, ituma rugira ububasha ku moko y’imanza zose inkiko zishyikirizwa kugira ngo rubashe kuzitangaho umurongo uyobora izindi nkiko mu micire y’imanza. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Rubayiza, wakomerekeye mu mpanuka ya Moto yishingiwe na Sonarwa General Insurance Company Ltd (yiswe Sonarwa muri uru rubanza), ayirega asaba ko itegekwa kumuha indishyi zinyuranye zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka. Urwo Rukiko rwategetse Sonarwa guha Rubayiza indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, akababaro, uburanga, gutakaza uburambe ku kazi n’ibyakoreshejwe byose hamwe bingana na 18.237.195 Frw n’izindi ndishyi. Izi ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zabazwe hashingiwe ku mushahara yahembwaga. Sonarwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, isaba gusuzuma ishingiro ry’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zagenwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge zingana na 16.155.684 Frw n’ishingiro ry’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zingana na 2.692.614 Frw. Urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, rwasanze Rubayiza ataragombaga kubarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara yahembwaga ahubwo yaragombaga kubarirwa ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) ungana na 3.000 Frw ku munsi.

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Rubayiza yasabye ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, hemezwa ko ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, rusuzuma ikibazo batumvikanaho cyo kumenya uburyo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Rubayiza asaba zigomba kubarwa. Urega avuga ko zagombaga kubarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara yahembwaga ku kwezi nk’uko biteganywa n’Itegeko Nº 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na Moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, kubera ko afite ibimenyetso byerekana ko afite umushahara uzwi, kandi ko umuntu ufite umushahara uzwi cyangwa ukora umwuga uzwi atabarirwa kuri SMIG ya 3.000 Frw kuko bayishingiraho ku muntu udafite umushahara uzwi. Akomeza avuga ko hashingirwa ku mirongo yatanzwe n’urukiko rukuru ku bantu bagize ubumuga buhoraho bwa 25%, babariwe indishyi z'ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara bahembwaga aho gushingira kuri SMIG. Uregwa we avuga ko izo ndishyi zikwiye kubarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) nk’uko biteganwa n’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Iyo impanuka yateje ubumuga buhoraho butarengeje 30%, indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara w'umwaka muto bityo Rubayiza wagize ubumuga buhoraho bwa 20% ni ukuvuga buri munsi ya 30%, akaba akwiye kubarirwa indishyi y’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wa 3.000 Frw. 2. Mu kubara indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, hashingirwa ku Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga kuko ari ryo risobanura mu buryo burambuye uko abakoze impanuka bazishyurwa n’ibizashingirwaho, bityo ibyo Rubayiza asaba byo gushingira ku Itegeko Nº 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na Moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka nta shingiro bifite. 3. Icyemezo cy’Urukiko cyafashwe mu rubanza runaka kiba itegeko ndakuka muri urwo rukiko no mu nkiko ziri hasi yarwo, kikagomba gukurikizwa, kubwo ibyo rero Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ntabwo rutegetswe gukurikiza umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko ruri munsi yarwo. Ikirego cyatanzwe cyo gusubirishamo urubanza Nº RCA 00325/2019/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nta shingiro gifite; Urubanza Nº RCA 00325/2019/HC/KIG rugumanye agaciro karwo mu ngingo zarwo zose Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 41/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na Moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, ingingo ya 5; Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111; Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 17, 18. Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RS/INCONST/SPEC 00002/2019/SC, Great Lakes Initiative for Human Rights and Development, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019, RS/CLR/SPEC 00001/2021/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/02/2022 haburana Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 14/10/2017, mu Mudugudu wa Kavumu, Akagari ka Gahondo, Umurenge wa Busasamana, Akarere ka Nyanza, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, habaye impanuka ya Moto RD 819Q yishingiwe na Sonarwa General Insurance Company Ltd (yitwa Sonarwa muri uru rubanza), ikomerekeramo Rubayiza Jean Paul, wanakutse amenyo atatu (3), agira ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 20%. [2] Nyuma yo kugerageza ubwumvikane bikananirana, Rubayiza Jean Paul yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge arega Sonarwa, asaba ko itegekwa kumuha indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka zingana na 20.137.195 Frw zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: • Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu: 3 x 448.769 Frw x 12)20%x5 = 16.155.684 Frw; • Indishyi z’akababaro: 10%(3.000 Frw×30×12) = 108.000 Frw; • Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga: 10%(3.000 Frw×30×12) = 108.000 Frw; • Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi: 448.769

Frw×6= 2.692.614 Frw; • Amafaranga yo kwivuza: 63.497 Frw; • Amafaranga y’ingendo zijya kwivuza: 200.000 Frw; • Amafaranga yo kugura dosiye: 7200 Frw; • Amafaranga yo kugura attestations: 2.200 Frw; • Amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka: 1.000.000 Frw. [3] Me Matovu Jean Paul waburaniraga Sonarwa icyo gihe yireguye avuga ko kuba Rubayiza Jean Paul yaragize ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 20%, kumubarira indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu bitashingira ku mushahara yahembwaga buri kwezi kuko ababarirwa indishyi muri ubwo buryo ari abafite ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30%. Anavuga ko indishyi zose zigomba kubarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara fatizo (SMIG), by’umwihariko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zikabarwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida n° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. [4] Mu rubanza Nº RC 01116/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 20/06/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirego cya Rubayiza Jean Paul gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Sonarwa kumuha indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, akababaro, uburanga, gutakaza

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uburambe ku kazi n’ibyakoreshejwe, byose hamwe bingana na 18.237.195 Frw, ruyitegeka kandi kumusubiza 700.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza na 20.000 Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama arega. [5] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko umushahara muto w’umwaka wemewe n’amategeko ushingira kuri SMIG igihe uwagize impanuka adafite umushahara uzwi, rusanga Rubayiza Jean Paul yari afite umushahara uzwi kandi yarawutangiye ibimenyetso bigizwe n’icyemezo cy’umushahara n’inyandiko ya RSSB, rwemeza ko ariwo washingirwaho abarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, ni ukuvuga 448.769Frw x 12 x 20%x3 = 3.231.137 agaciro kagereranije gukuba 5 (3.231.137 x 5 ) = 16.155.684 Frw. [6] Urwo Rukiko kandi rwasanze indishyi z’akababaro zihwanye na 3.000 Frw x 30 x 12 = 108.000 Frw n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga zingana na 3.000 Frw x 30 x 12 = 108.000 Frw ababuranyi bazumvikanaho, rutegeka ko zigomba gutangwa. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi zo gutakaza uburambe ku kazi, urwo Rukiko rwasanze nazo zifite ishingiro kuko Rubayiza Jean Paul wakoze impanuka yari asanzwe akora, ubushobozi n’igihe cyo gukora bikaba byaragabanutse, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ivuga ko umuntu uhabwa indishyi ari uwari usanzwe akora kandi ntarenze inshuro esheshatu z’umusaruro we, rwemeza ko ahabwa indishyi zingana na 448.769 Frw x 6= 2.692.614 Frw. [7] Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga Rubayiza Jean Paul yakoresheje mu kwivuza, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze agomba guhabwa 72.897 Frw kuko ariyo yagaragarije ibimenyetso, naho ayo gukurikirana dosiye rusanga nta bimenyetso yayagaragarije, mu bushishozi bwarwo rumugenera 100.000 Frw. Mu bushishozi bwarwo kandi, urwo rukiko rwamugeneye 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [8] Sonarwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru isaba gusuzuma ishingiro ry’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zagenwe n’Urukiko rubanza zingana na 16.155.684 Frw n’ishingiro ry’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zingana na 2.692.614 Frw. [9] Mu rubanza Nº RCA 00325/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 08/05/2020, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Sonarwa bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku bireba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Rubayiza Jean Paul yagenewe, rutegeka ko Sonarwa igomba kumuha izihwanye na 3.000 Frw x 30 x 12 x 3 (Rubayiza Jean Paul afite impamyabushobozi y’amashuri makuru) = 3.240.000 Frw; rwemeje kandi ko nta zindi ndishyi zigomba gutangwa muri uru rubanza. [10] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, rusanga Rubayiza Jean Paul ataragombaga kubarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara yahembwaga ahubwo yaragombaga kubarirwa ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) ungana na 3.000 Frw abazwe ku munsi kuko ariwo washyizweho n’icyemezo cy’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza Nº RCAA 0049/14/CS. [11] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko kuba Rubayiza Jean Paul yarabariwe izo ndishyi hagendewe ku mushahara we aribyo bihuje

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n’ingingo ya 19 y’iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru, bityo rusanga indishyi zingana na 448.769 Frw (umushahara yahembwaga) X 6 = 2.692.614 FRW yagenewe zigomba kugumaho. [12] Ku wa 07/06/2020, Rubayiza Jean Paul yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire asaba ko urubanza Nº RCA00325/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/05/2020 rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane. Amaze gusuzuma ubusabe bwe, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nawe yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga asaba ko urubanza rwavuzwe rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane. Ku wa 30/08/2022, Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga amaze gusuzuma raporo yakozwe kuri urwo rubanza, yafashe icyemezo Nº 163/CJ/2022 cy’uko urubanza Nº RCA00325/2019/HC/KIG rusubirwamo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku mpamvu z'akarengane, rwandikwa kuri N° RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2021/SC. [13] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 22/03/2022, Rubayiza Jean Paul ahagarariwe na Me Mbarubukeye Samuel naho Sonarwa ihagarariwe na Me Rutagengwa Jean Damascène, ababuranyi bajya impaka ku bibazo byo kumenya uburyo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Rubayiza Jean Paul asaba zigomba kubarwa no kumenya niba hari indishyi zatangwa muri uru rubanza. Iburanisha risojwe, ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 21/04/2023, ariko ntirwasomwa uwo munsi kuko habaye konji, isomwa rishyirwa ku wa 24/04/2023. II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO 1. Kumenya uburyo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Rubayiza Jean Paul asaba zigomba kubarwa. [14] Me Mbarubukeye Samuel uhagarariye Rubayiza Jean Paul avuga ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba gutangwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 4, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko Nº 41/ 2001 ryo ku wa 19/ 09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na Moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, kubera ko afite ibimenyetso byerekana ko yahembwaga 448.769 Frw, kandi ko umuntu ufite umushahara uzwi cyangwa akora umwuga uzwi atabarirwa kuri SMIG ya 3.000 Frw kuko bayishingiraho ku muntu udafite umushahara uzwi. Akomeza avuga ko akwiye kubarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu mu buryo bukurikira: (3 X 448.769 FrwX12) 20 % X 5 = 16.155.684 Frw. [15] Akomeza avuga ko hari imanza nyinshi zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku bantu bagize ubumuga buhoraho bwa 25%, babariwe indishyi z'ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara bahembwaga aho gushingira kuri SMIG iteganywa mu ngingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida n° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru, kandi ko Urukiko rutashingira ku Iteka rya Perezida mu gihe hari itegeko ribisobanura neza. [16] Me Rutagengwa Jean Damascène uhagarariye Sonarwa avuga ko Rubayiza Jean Paul agomba kubarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe kuri SMIG ya 3.000 Frw kuko n’ubwo afite umushahara yahembwaga ku kwezi uzwi, yagize ubumuga buhoraho buri munsi ya 30% kuko yagize ubungana na 20%, kandi ingingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida n° 31/01 ryibukijwe haruguru iteganya ko uwagize ubumuga buhoraho buri munsi ya 30% agomba kubarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe kuri SMIG ya 3.000 Frw nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga.

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[17] Avuga kandi ko ingingo ya 4, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko nº 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 naryo ryavuzwe haruguru kubera ko iryo tegeko ritanga imirongo migari gusa ariko rikaba ridasobanura mu buryo burambuye uko abakoze impanuka bazishyurwa. Uko Urukiko rubibona [18] Ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko Nº 41/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na Moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka ivuga ko: “Iyo impanuka yateye ubumuga uwangirijwe bumubuza gukora akazi burundu, agomba guhabwa amafaranga y’indishyi kubera ubusembwa ku mubiri, guhungabana mu bwenge bwe cyangwa kubera ingaruka bifite ku nyungu yavanaga ku mwuga we atagishoboye gukora kubera ubumuga. Indishyi zigenwa hakurikijwe iteka rya Perezida wa Repubulika.’’ [19] Ingingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, isobanura ko: “Iyo ari ubumuga butarengeje 30%, indishyi y'ibangamirabukungu igenwa hakurikijwe agaciro kagereranije, ijanisha ry'ubumuga n'imyaka y'uwahohotewe ku itariki byemerejweho. Agaciro kagereranije kangana na: 1 x umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko, iyo ari umuntu udafite impamyabushobozi ku mwuga cyangwa impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye; 2 x umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko, iyo ari umuntu ufite impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye cyangwa angana nayo ku rwego rwa tekiniki; 3 x umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko, iyo ari umuntu ufite impamyabumenyi y'amashuri makuru. Agaciro kagereranije bagakuba n'ijanisha ry'ubumuga. Umubare w'amafaranga babonye bakawukuba na: 7 iyo uwahohotewe afite imyaka iri hagati ya 16 na 19; 6 iyo uwahohotewe afite imyaka iri hagati ya 20 na 29; 5 iyo uwahohotewe afite imyaka iri hagati ya 30 na 34 ;4 iyo uwahohotewe afite imyaka iri hagati ya 35 na 39; 3 iyo uwahohotewe afite imyaka 40 cyangwa ayirengeje “. [20] Ingingo ya 18 y’Iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ibikurikira: “Iyo ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30%, indishyi y’ibangamirabukungu ikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko akurikira: ‘’Iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, ahabwa amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe igihembo umuntu atahana, urwego rw'ubumuga n'imyaka ye. Iyo uwahohotewe ahembwa umushahara amaze igihe kitarenze amezi atandatu adakora, ahabwa amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe igihembo cye cya nyuma atahana, urwego rw'ubumuga n'imyaka ye; Iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo adahemberwa, cyangwa iyo yakoraga gusa imirimo yo mu rugo, cyangwa se iyo abamufiteho uburenganzira badashobora kwerekana umusaruro we nyakuri ukomoka ku murimo, kandi niba yari afite imyaka irenze 16 igihe cy'impanuka, amafaranga agomba guhabwa azabarwa bahereye ku ifatizo ry'inshuro imwe y'umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko. Indishyi izakorwa mu buryo bukurikira: Umusaruro w'umwaka umuntu atahana x umubare w'imyaka ashigaje kubaho akora x ijanisha ry'ubumuga kugabanya 1 + (igipimo cy'ibitsa x umubare w'imyaka ashigaje kubaho akora). Ibyo ari byo byose, iyo ndishyi ntigomba kurenga, yose hamwe, inshuro mirongo inani umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko”. [21] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ababuranyi bemeranya ko Rubayiza Jean Paul ari umukozi wa Ministeri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo (District Labour Inspector Officer/ Nyaruguru

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District), ko yatahanaga umushahara ungana na 448.769 Frw ndetse akaba yarakoze impanuka afite imyaka 32, agira ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 20%. [22] Banemeranya kandi ko kubera impanuka yagize, akwiye indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, icyo batemeranyaho ari nacyo kigize impaka muri uru rubanza, ni ukuba Rubayiza Jean Paul avuga ko yagombaga kubarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara yahembwaga ku kwezi, mu gihe uhagarariye Sonarwa we avuga ko izo ndishyi zikwiye kubarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG). [23] Urukiko rushingiye ku bimaze kuvugwa, rurasanga Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryibukijwe haruguru, ariryo risobanura mu buryo burambuye uko indishyi zigenwa hakurikijwe ubumuga uwakomerekeye mu mpanuka yagize, aho ingingo ya 17 y’iryo Teka yerekeye ubumuga buhoraho, ivuga ko iyo ubumuga butarengeje 30%, indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko naho ingingo ya 18 ikavuga ko iyo ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30%, uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, indishyi y’ibangamirabukungu ibarwa hakurikijwe igihembo umuntu atahana. [24] Urukiko rurasanga nyuma y’impanuka yabaye, nk’uko byibukijwe haruguru, Rubayiza Jean Paul yaragize ubumuga buhoraho bwa 20%, akaba agomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigenwa hakurikijwe agaciro kagereranyije, kabarwa hagendewe ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) hakurikijwe ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 yavuzwe haruguru. Ingingo ya 1 y’iryo Teka isobanura ko ryaje gushyiraho uburyo Itegeko N°41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryavuzwe haruguru rigomba gukoreshwa. [25] Ikigaragara n’uko iryo Tegeko atari ryo rikwiye gushingirwaho mu gihe cyo kugena uburyo bwo kubara indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zishingiye ku bumuga buhoraho nk’uko Rubayiza Jean Paul abyifuza, kuko indishyi zivugwa mu ngingo ya 4, igika cya 11, icya 22, n’icya 33 by’iryo Tegeko, ari izijyanye n’ubumuga bw’igihe gito (incapacité temporaire de travail). [26] Nanone kandi, ingingo ya 5 y’iryo Tegeko yibukijwe haruguru, n’ubwo ivuga ku ndishyi zijyanye n’ubumuga buhoraho (incapacité permenante), isobanura ko zigenwa hakurikijwe Iteka rya Perezida. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urukiko rurasanga Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryibukijwe haruguru ariryo rigomba gushingirwaho mu kubara indishyi Rubayiza Jean Paul akwiye guhabwa. Rinasobanura mu buryo burambuye uko abakoze impanuka bazishyurwa n’ibizashingirwaho.

1 “Iyo impanuka yatumye uwangirijwe agira ubumuga bumutesha akazi ku buryo budahoraho bikamutesha gufata umushahara we wose cyangwa igice cyawo, igihembo cy’akazi cyangwa inyungu zituruka ku mwuga, afite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa amafaranga y’indishyi ijya mu kigwi cyabyo, abarwa guhera ku munsi wa kane uhereye igihe yahagarikiye akazi kugeza ku itariki yagaruriye ubushobozi bwo kugasubiraho. Amafaranga ya mbere y’indishyi agomba gutangwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 90 impanuka ibaye”. 2 “Itariki yo kugarura ubushobzi bwo gusubira ku kazi yemezwa n’impuguke mu by’ubuvuzi yemewe na Leta”. 3 “Inyungu zigomba gushingirwaho mu kugena izo ndishyi ku bangirijwe bahembwaga umushahara, ni umushahara ubwawo wemezwa n’inyandiko mpamo zose zishoboka hamwe n’izindi nyungu zidakomoka ku mushahara, uwangirijwe agaragariza ibimenyetso”.

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[27] Kuba Rubayiza Jean Paul yaragize ubumuga buhoraho bwa 20%, ni ukuvuga buri munsi ya 30%, no kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarabaze indishyi y’ibangamirabukungu rushingiye ku mushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wa 3.000 Frw4, byumvikana ko nta kosa rwakoze kubera ko rwashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru. [28] Nk’uko kandi urwo Rukiko rwabisobanuye, mu kugenera Rubayiza Jean Paul indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hakwiye gushingirwa kuri SMIG ivuzwe haruguru, hakitabwa ku gaciro kagereranije gukuba n'ijanisha ry'ubumuga, umubare w'amafaranga babonye bakawukuba 5 iyo uwahohotewe afite imyaka iri hagati ya 30 na 34 nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/8/2003 ryibukijwe haruguru. Ni ukuvuga ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Rubayiza Jean Paul akwiye guhabwa zigomba kubarwa mu buryo bukurikira: (3.000 Frw X 30 X 12 X 3) x 20 % x 5 = 3.240.000 Frw5. [29] Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa na Me Mbarubukeye Samuel ko hari urundi rubanza rufite N° RCA 0443/15/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 24/06/2016 haburana CORAR na Mureramanzi Joseph, aho uwakomerekeye mu mpanuka akagira ubumuga bwa 25%, rwamugeneye indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara umukozi yatahanaga, ko uwo murongo ari wo ukwiye kubahirizwa, na Rubayiza Jean Paul akabarirwa indishyi hashingiwe ku mushahara yahembwaga, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko mu rubanza N° RS/INCONST/SPEC 00002/2019/SC, uru Rukiko rwasobanuye ko mu mikorere y’inkiko, zubahiriza amahame ashingiye ku kubahiriza umurongo wafashwe (stare decisis), buri Rukiko rugomba kubahiriza umurongo rwafashe ku kibazo runaka cyangwa umurongo wafashwe n’urukiko rurukuriye kuri icyo kibazo … ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga nk’Urukiko rukuriye izindi, ari narwo soko nkuru y’imirongo inkiko zindi zigenderaho, ari nayo mpamvu y’imiterere yarwo yihariye, ituma rugira ububasha ku moko y’imanza zose inkiko zishyikirizwa kugira ngo rubashe kuzitangaho umurongo uyobora izindi nkiko mu micire y’imanza6. [30] Ibivuzwe haruguru byongeye gushimangirwa kandi mu rubanza N° RS/CLR/SPEC 00001/2021/SC aho uru Rukiko rwavuze ko ihame rya “stare decisis” rivuga ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko cyafashwe mu rubanza runaka kiba itegeko ndakuka muri urwo rukiko no mu nkiko ziri hasi yarwo, kikagomba gukurikizwa7. Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Uru Rukiko rurasanga rutakurikiza umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko ruri munsi yarwo. 2. Ku byerekeye indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza

4 Nk’uko wemejwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, nko mu rubanza nº RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016, haburana SORAS AG Ltd C/ Umuhoza Pacifique n’abandi, igika cya 28. 5 N’ubwo mu kubarira Rubayiza Jean Paul indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, Urukiko Rukuru rwakoresheje formule ya 3.000 Frw x 30 x 12 x 3 ikaba idahuye n’iteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru (kuko rutakubye na 20% (ijanisha ry'ubumuga), ngo runakube 5 (ijyanye n’uko uwahohotewe afite imyaka iri hagati ya 30 na 34), nta ngaruka bifite ku mafaranga Rubayiza Jean Paul agomba kugenerwa kuko 3.240.000 Frw ari nayo Urukiko Rukuru rwabonye. Ikigaragara n’uko urwo Rukiko rwibagiwe kwandukura formule yose rwakoresheje. 6 Reba urubanza N°RS/INCONST/SPEC 00002/2019/SC, Great Lakes Initiative for Human Rights and Development isaba gukuraho ingingo kuko zinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga, rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2019, igika cya 33. 7 Reba urubanza N° RS/CLR/SPEC 00001/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 18/02/2022 haburana Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda, igika cya 39.

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[31] Me Mbarubukeye Samuel uburanira Rubayiza Jean Paul asaba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga gutegeka Sonarwa kumuha indishyi zihwanye na 2.000.000 Frw akubiyemo 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka. [32] Me Rutagengwa Jean Damascène uburanira Sonarwa avuga ko amafaranga asabwa na Rubayiza Jean Paul itayatanga kuko nta kosa yakoze, cyane cyane ko yemeye gushyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cy'Urukiko Rukuru. Ivuga ko kuba Rubayiza Jean Paul yarakomeje imanza kandi azi ko indishyi yahawe zabazwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ari ugushaka indonke. Asoza asaba guhabwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza zihwanye na 1.000.000 Frw, amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza angana na 300.000 Frw n’igihembo cy'Avoka kingana na 500.000 Frw. Uko Urukiko rubibona [33] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza...”. [34] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’Avoka bingana na 2.000.000 Frw, Rubayiza Jean Paul asaba atayagenerwa, kubera ko ikirego cye nta shingiro cyahawe. [35] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga yo gushorwa mu manza Sonarwa isaba itayagenerwa, kubera ko nta kigaragaza ko Rubayiza Jean Paul yasubirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane agambiriye kuyisiragiza mu manza. [36] Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’Avoka Sonarwa isaba, Urukiko rurasanga yayagenerwa mu bushishozi bwarwo kuko ayo isaba itayagaragarije ibimenyetso, bityo ikaba igenewe 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka hamwe na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, yose hamwe akaba 800.000 Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [37] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Rubayiza Jean Paul cyo gusubirishamo urubanza Nº RCA 00325/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/05/2020 ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nta shingiro gifite; [38] Rutegetse ko urubanza Nº RCA 00325/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/05/2020 rugumanye agaciro karwo mu ngingo zarwo zose; [39] Rutegetse Rubayiza Jean Paul guha SONARWA General Insurance Company Ltd 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’ Avoka hamwe na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, yose hamwe akaba angana na 800.000 Frw.