RUCAMIHIGO v. MUREKATETE N’UNDI

# RUCAMIHIGO v. MUREKATETE N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-12 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00045/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

RUCAMIHIGO v. MUREKATETE N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00045/2024/CA (Ngagi, P.J.) 12 Nzeri 2025] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’Inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’ubujurire – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – Gutsindwa mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe – Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’Inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Ubujurire bwa Kabiri – Gutsindwa mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe – Icy’ingenzi si uko inkiko zisuzuma ibibazo bingana cyangwa bimwe uko byakabaye, kuko hari ibitagaruka kuko bitajuririwe, cyangwa ibindi bikaza mu bujurire bitewe n’imyanzuro y’ujurira ahanini ugira ibyo yongeramo, ahubwo ibyitabwaho ni ibibazo byasuzumwe ku rwego rwa mbere akaba ari nabyo bijuririrwa kandi bihuye n’ikiburanwa, ibyo akaba ari byo bijya mu igereranya hasuzumwa ko uwajuriye yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Kuwa 25/02/2025 Rucamihigo yagiranye na Murekatete amasezerano y’agateganyo y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa, bumvikana amafaranga angana na 250 000 000 Frw, 110 000 000 Frw Murekatete arayamwishyura bumvikana ko asigaye azayamwishyura bitarenze 25/02/2018. Nyuma y’uko Murekatete amaze kwishyurira Rucamihigo amafaranga yose yaramusigayemo, habayeho ihererekanyamutungo imbere ya Noteri, maze umutungo wari wanditse kuri Rucamihigo wandikwa kuri Murekatete, ndetse uyu aza kuwugurisha uwitwa Karega. Rucamihigo yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba urwo Rukiko gusesa amasezerano y’agateganyo yubugure bw’umutungo, ku mpamvu yavugaga ko Murekatete atamwishyuriye igihe. Karega yagobotse muri uru rubanza avuga ko yaguze uyu mutungo na Murekatete ku buryo bukurikije amategeko ariko Rucamihigo akaba yaranze kuwuvamo. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite, ko nta mpamvu ihari yo gusesa amasezerano, ko Rucamihigo Alphonse ava mu mutungo wa Karega Jean Baptiste kuko yawuguze mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Rucamihigo yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Karega nawe arajurira, ubujurire bwabo bwombi urukiko rububumbira mu rubanza rumwe. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa bombi nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa idahindutse. Rucamihigo yajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, abaregwa batanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ishingiye kukuba Rucamihigo yaratsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Bakavuga ko mu Nkiko zombi zibanza (Urukiko Rwisumbuye n’Urukiko Rukuru), icyasuzumwaga ari ukumenya niba amasezerano y’agateganyo yaseswa, aho hombi Inkiko zemeza ko nta moamvu ihari yo gusesa ayo masezerano. Rucamihigo yiregura kuri iyi nzitizi avuga ko hari ibyo yaregeye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ntirwabisuzuma, ndetse n’Urukiko Rukuru ntirwabisuzuma. Avuga ko iby’uburyo impamvu zashingiwe n’inkiko zombi zabanje atari zimwe, abihariye Urukiko ngo ruzabisuzume.

## Page 2

Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. 2. Icy’ingenzi si uko inkiko zisuzuma ibibazo bingana cyangwa bimwe uko byakabaye, kuko hari ibitagaruka kuko bitajuririwe, cyangwa ibindi bikaza mu bujurire bitewe n’imyanzuro y’ujurira ahanini ugira ibyo yongeramo, ahubwo ibyitabwaho ni ibibazo byasuzumwe ku rwego rwa mbere akaba ari nabyo bijuririrwa kandi bihuye n’ikiburanwa, ibyo akaba ari byo bijya mu igereranya hasuzumwa ko uwajuriye yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Inzitizi ifite ishingiro. Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC; Road Solutions Pavement Products vs MAIL CO Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 29/9/2020; RCOMAA 0048/16/CS; RRA vs SODAR Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/05/2017; RCOMAA 00103/2022/CA; NEW CENTURY DEVELOPMENT Ltd vs VEKSONS RWANDA Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 09/04/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 25/02/2015, Rucamihigo Alphonse yagiranye na Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde amasezerano y’agateganyo y’ubugure bw’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/08/01/1274, ufite Titre de propriété nº 185, Vol. RTXXIII, Folio 21, uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Juru, Akagari ka Kamukina, Umurenge wa Kacyiru, Akarere ka Gasabo, bumvikana igiciro cya 250.000.000 Frw, ahita yishyuramo 110.000.000 Frw, aya mafaranga yishyurwa umwenda Rucamihigo Alphonse yari afitiye Banki ya I&M BANK Plc, andi asigaye bumvikana uko azagenda yishyurwa n'amatariki ntaregwa azayishyuriraho, itariki ya nyuma yo kwishyuriraho ikaba yari ku wa 25/02/2018. [2] Ku wa 25/10/2021, Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde yishyuye amafaranga yari asigaye angana na 81.239.120 Frw, anyujijwe kuri konti ya Rucamihigo Alphonse iri muri KCB BANK RWANDA Plc.

## Page 3

[3] Ku wa 10/11/2021, Rucamihigo Alphonse yareze Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge avuga ko uwo mutungo waje kwandikwa kuri Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde, hanyuma uyu awugurisha uwitwa Karega Jean Baptiste mu buryo bw’uburiganya, umwandikwaho hamwe n’umugore we Isugi Yvette, ariko atabanje kumwishyura nk’uko byari biteganyijwe mu masezerano bagiranye, hanyuma asaba urwo Rukiko gusesa amasezerano y’agateganyo y’ubugure bw’umutungo ufite UPI Nº: 1/02/08/01/1274 yo ku wa 25/02/2015, ufite Titre de propriété nº 185, Vol. RTXXIII, Folio 21, ugasubira mu mazina ye nk’uko byahoze mbere, kuko atubahirije uburyo bari bumvikanye amafaranga yasigaye yagombaga kwishyurwamo bituma nta masezerano ya burundu agerwaho. [4] Muri urwo rubanza hagobotsemo uwitwa Karega Jean Baptiste avuga ko ku wa 12/10/2021 yagiranye amasezerano y’ubugure na Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde imbere ya Noteri, bagura umutungo w’inzu yo guturamo iri mu kibanza gifite UPI: 1/02/08/01/1274, ku mafaranga y’u Rwanda angana na 300.000.000 Frw, arayishyura yose, hanyuma amukorera ihererekanya ry’umutungo, maze uwo mutungo umwandikwaho hamwe n’umugore we Isugi Yvette nk’uko icyangombwa cyawo kibigaragaza. Asobanura ko yasabye Rucamihigo Alphonse wari muri uwo mutungo kuwuvamo ngo abone uko awutunganya akanga kuwuvamo, ahubwo agatungurwa no kumva yaratanze ikirego kirebana n’umutungo utakiri uwe kuko yawugurishije. Mu gusoza, asaba indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza hamwe n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka ndetse n’ayigarama. [5] Mu rubanza RC 00750/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 28/04/2023, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rushingiye ku kuba Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde yarishyuye ikiguzi cyose yumvikana na Rucamihigo Alphonse, rwemeje ko: a. ikirego cyatanzwe na Rucamihigo Alphonse nta shingiro gifite; b. amasezerano Rucamihigo Alphonse yagiranye na Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde ku wa 25/10/2015 y’ubugure bw’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1274 ufite Titre de propriété nº 185, Vol. RTXXIII, Folio 21, uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Juru, Akagari ka Kamukina, Umurenge wa Kacyiru, Akarere ka Gasabo, nta mpamvu yo kuyasesa ihari; c. umutungo uregerwa ari uwa Karega Jean Baptiste wawuguze na Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde ku wa 12/10/2021, kandi ukaba umwanditseho n’umugore we Isugi Yvette nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyangombwa cy’ubukode burambye UPI: 1/02/08/01/1274; d. Rucamihigo Alphonse ava mu mutungo wa Karega Jean Baptiste kuko yawuguze mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko; e. Rucamihigo Alphonse aha Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza zingana na 500.000 Frw y’indishyi zo gutinza urubanza;

## Page 4

f. Rucamihigo Alphonse aha Karega Jean Baptiste 500.000 Frw y’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza, 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kandi akamusubiza amafaranga 20.000 Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama; g. Rucamihigo Alphonse yishyura 200.000 Frw y’ihazabu mbonezamubano yaciwe kubera gutinza urubanza; h. amafaranga Rucamihigo Alphonse yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [6] Rucamihigo Alphonse yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCA 00178/2023/HC/KIG, Karega Jean Baptiste na we yarajuriye, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri CMB RCA 00210/2023/HC/KIG. Izo manza zombi zarahujwe kugira ngo ziburanishirizwe hamwe mu rubanza rumwe RCA 00178/2023/HC/KIG-CMB RCA 00210/2023/HC/KIG. [7] Mu rubanza RCA 00178/2023/HC/KIG-CMB RCA 00210/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 27/09/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku kuba Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde yarishyuye ikiguzi cyose yumvikanye na Rucamihigo Alphonse mu masezerano bagiranye rwemeje ko: a. ubujurire bwa Rucamihigo Alphonse nta shingiro bufite; b. ubujurire bwa Karega Jean Baptiste nta shingiro bufite; c. imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse, hakaba hagumyeho icyemezo gikurikira cyari cyafashwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe: “Rutegetse Rucamihigo Alphonse kuva mu mutungo wa Karega Jean Baptiste kuko yawuguze mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Rutegetse Rucamihigo Alphonse guha Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza zingana na 500.000 Frw na 500.000 Frw y’indishyi zo gutinza urubanza. Rutegetse Rucamihigo Alphonse guha Karega Jean Baptiste 500.000 Frw y’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza, 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kandi akamusubiza 20.000 Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama. Rutegetse Rucamihigo Alphonse kwishyura 200.000 Frw y’ihazabu mbonezamubano yaciwe kubera gutinza urubanza”; d. amafaranga yatanzweho ingwate y’amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [8] Rucamihigo Alphonse yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCAA 00045/2024/CA. Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 08/09/2025, Rucamihigo Alphonse ahagarariwe na Me Turahirwa Théogene, Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde ahagarariwe na Me Zawadi Stephen, naho Karega Jean Baptiste ahagarariwe na Me Karangwa Olivier; hasuzumwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ishingiye

## Page 5

ku kuba Rucamihigo Alphonse yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, n’ikibazo cyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO

1. Kumenya niba Rucamihigo Alphonse yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ku buryo ubujurire bwe butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire [9] Uhagarariye Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde ashingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko ubujurire bwa kabiri budashobora kwakirwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, atanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuko Rucamihigo Alphonse yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [10] Asobanura ko mu rubanza RC 00750/2021/TGI/NYGE Rucamihigo Alphonse yatanze ikirego asaba gusesa amasezerano y’ubugure y’agateganyo yo ku wa 25/02/2015 y’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1274, yagiranye na Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde, ufite Titre de propriété nº 185, Vol. RTXXIII, Folio 21, hanyuma ugasubira mu mazina ye nk’uko byahoze mbere, maze Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rusuzuma ikibazo cy’ingenzi kijyanye no kumenya niba ayo amasezerano yaseswa, mu bika bya 18,19 na 20 by’urwo rubanza rusanga ayo masezerano atagomba guseswa kuko yakozwe hakurikijwe amategeko, kandi akaba yarishyuye ubwishyu bwose impande zombi zumvikanyeho mbere yuko Rucamihigo Alphonse atanga ikirego. [11] Asobanura kandi ko mu bujurire bwa Rucamihigo Alphonse yasabye na none Urukiko Rukuru gusesa amasezerano y’agateganyo hashingiwe ku kuba Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde ataramwishyuriye igihe, maze mu rubanza RCA 00178/2023/HC/KIG-CMB RCA 00210/2023/HC/KIG, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge no ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RCAA 00045/2016/SC rwaciwe ku wa 15/11/2019, haburana Mukaruhunga Alexia na Nyirahabimana Emertha, rusanga ayo masezerano atagomba guseswa, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Rucamihigo Alphonse nta shingiro bufite. [12] Uhagarariye Karega Jean Baptiste na we yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko ubujurire bwa Rucamihigo Alphonse butakirwa, kuko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Avuga ko ibisobanuro bye kuri iyi nzitizi ari bimwe n’ibyatanzwe ku ruhande rwa Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde, ko icyo yongeraho ari uko ikibazo nyamukuru cyasuzumwe n’inkiko zombi ari ikijyanye no kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubugure y’agateganyo yo ku wa 25/02/2015, Rucamihigo Alphonse yagiranye na Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde yaseswa, ko ibindi byasuzumwe ari ibijyanye n’indishyi. [13] Uhagarariye Rucamihigo Alphonse yiregura avuga ko hari ibyo Rucamihigo Alphonse yaregeye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ntirwabisuzuma, ndetse n’Urukiko Rukuru ntirwabisuzuma. Abasabwe gusobanura uburyo impamvu zashingiwe n’inkiko zombi zabanje atari zimwe, avuga ko abihariye Urukiko ngo ruzabisuzume.

## Page 6

Uko Urukiko rubibona [14] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ibikurikira: “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe.” [15] Nk’uko byafashweho umurongo mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe1. Ibi kandi binumvikanisha ko ibyaburanwe mu rwego rwa mbere ari nabyo ubusanzwe bigomba kuburanwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe2. [16] Na none mu rubanza RCOMAA 0048/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/05/2017, haburana RRA na SODAR Ltd3, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko mu gusuzuma ko impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zombi ari zimwe, hatarebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no mu rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko zakoresheje amagambo amwe, ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarashubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa. [17] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RC 000750/2021/TGI/NYGE, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 28/04/2023, Rucamihigo Alphonse yareze Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde asaba Urukiko gusesa amasezerano y’ubugure y’agateganyo yo ku wa 25/02/2015, umutungo UPI: 1274 ufite Titre de propriété nº 185, Vol. RTXXIII, Folio 21 ugasubira mu mazina ya Rucamihigo Alphonse nk’uko byahoze mbere. Urwo Rukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cy’ingenzi kijyanye no kumenya niba hari ibyo Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde atubahirije mu masezerano y’ubugure y’agateganyo yo ku wa 25/02/2015 yagiranye Rucamihigo Alphonse ku buryo byaba impamvu yo kuyasesa; runasuzuma ibindi bibazo bigaragara ko ari ingaruka z’icyo kibazo, ari byo: kumenya niba indishyi zasabwe zatangwa, kumenya icyemezo cyafatwa ku misoro y’umutungo uregerwa, kumenya niba hatangwa ihazabu mbonezamubano

1 Reba urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 29/9/2020 haburana Road Solutions Pavement Products na MAIL CO Ltd. 2 Reba igika cya 23 cy’urubanza No RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020, haburana SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc na UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA (UR). 3 Reba igika cya 18 cy’urwo rubanza. Reba na none urubanza Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Products na MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, igika cya 24.

## Page 7

Rucamihigo Alphonse yaciwe hamwe n’indishyi zo gutinza urubanza n’icyo kumenya niba hategekwa irangizarubanza ry‘agateganyo. [18] Mu rubanza RCA 00178/2023/HC/KIG-CMB RCA 00210/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 27/09/2024, urwo Rukiko rwasuzumye ibibazo by’ingenzi byo kumenya niba Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde yarakoze ubwishyu nk’uko byemejwe mu masezerano no kumenya niba amasezerano yaseswa; runasuzuma ibibazo byo kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubugure bwabaye hagati ya Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde na Karega Jean Baptiste bukurikije amategeko, kumenya niba uru rubanza rwategereza urubanza RP 00769/2022/TGI/NYGE Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Karega na Murekatete, kumenya niba Isugi na Vervelde bagobokeshwa, kumenya ishingiro ry’ihazabu urukiko rwaciwe Rucamihigo, kumenya iherezo ry’amafaranga y’ubukode akomoka ku nzu Rucamihigo Alphonse yishyuza kandi itakiri iye n’ikijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [19] Ikigaragara ni uko inkiko zombi zasuzumye ikibazo nyamukuru kimwe, cyo kumenya niba hari ibyo Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde atubahirije mu masezerano y’ubugure y’agateganyo yo ku wa 25/02/2015 yagiranye Rucamihigo Alphonse ku buryo byaba impamvu yo kuyasesa, kandi n’icyo guhura n’ibyo Rucamihigo Alphonse yaregeye kuva urubanza rutangiye. Iki kibazo ni cyo kigomba kujya mu igereranya ryo kumenya niba Rucamihigo Alphonse yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [20] Ibi binahura n’umurongo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RCOMAA 00103/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 09/04/2024, haburana NEW CENTURY DEVELOPMENT Ltd na VEKSONS RWANDA Ltd, aho rwasobanuye ko icy’ingenzi atari uko inkiko zisuzuma ibibazo bingana cyangwa bimwe uko byakabaye, kuko hari ibitagaruka kuko bitajuririwe, cyangwa ibindi bikaza mu bujurire bitewe n’imyanzuro y’ujurira ahanini ugira ibyo yongeramo, ko ahubwo ibyitabwaho ari ibibazo byasuzumwe ku rwego rwa mbere akaba ari nabyo bijuririrwa kandi bihuye n’ikiburanwa, ko ibyo ari byo bijya mu igereranya hasuzumwa ko uwajuriye yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe.4 [21] Ku kibazo nyamukuru kijyanye no kumenya niba hari ibyo Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde atubahirije mu masezerano y’ubugure y’agateganyo yo ku wa 25/02/2015, yagiranye Rucamihigo Alphonse ku buryo byaba impamvu yo kuyasesa, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, mu bika bya 18 na 19, rushingiye ku kuba Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde yarishyuye Rucamihigo Alphonse amafaranga yose uko bayumvikanye mu masezerano angana na 250.000.000 Frw, aya nyuma akaba yarishyuwe ku wa 25/10/2021, angana na 81.239.120 Frw, anyujijwe kuri konti ya Rucamihigo Alphonse iri muri KCB BANK RWANDA Plc, rwasanze amasezerano Murekatete Clémentine Ververde yagiranye na Rucamihigo Alphonse nta mpamvu yo kuyasesa kuko yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kandi akaba yarubahirijwe. Bityo mu gika cya 20, rusanga Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde yari afite uburenganzira bwo kugurisha umutungo yaguze na Rucamihigo Alphonse, bityo ko Karega Jean Baptiste wawuguze afite uburenganzira ku mutungo yaguze kandi umwanditseho.

4 Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza No RCOMAA 00103/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 09/04/2024, haburana NEW CENTURY DEVELOPMENT Ltd na VEKSONS RWANDA Ltd.

## Page 8

[22] Kuri iki kibazo, n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwagiciyemo ibibazo bibiri, icyo kumenya niba Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde yarakoze ubwishyu nk’uko byemejwe mu masezerano, no kumenya niba amasezerano yaseswa, kandi rukaba rwaratanze ibisobanuro birambuye aho rwibukije umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RCAA 00045/2016/SC, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 15/11/2019, haburana Mukaruhunga Alexia na Nyirahabimana Emertha, ariko iby’ingenzi rwashingiyo bigaragara mu bika bya 18 na 25. Mu gika cya 18 rwashingiye ku kuba Rucamihigo Alphonse ntacyo anenga ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge aho rwashingiye ku kuba Murekatete Clementine Vervelde yarishyuye Rucamihigo Alphonse amafaranga yose uko bayumvikanye mu masezerano angana na 250.000.000 Frw; mu gika cya 24 rushingiye ku kuba Rucamihigo Alphonse yarareze yaramaze kwishyurwa amafaranga yose y’ikiguzi, rwasanze kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwarabishingiyeho rukemeza ko nta mpamvu ihari yatuma ayo masezerano y’ubugure aseswa5, bikurikije amategeko, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Rucamihigo Alphonse nta shingiro bufite. [23] Mu gika cya 29, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaremeje ko nta mpamvu ihari yatuma amasezerano y’ubugure hagati ya Murekatete Clementine Vervelde na Rucamihigo Alphonse aseswa, n’Urukiko Rukuru akaba ariko rubibona, ko nta mpamvu Rucamihigo Alphonse afite yo kuvuga ko amasezerano hagati ya Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde na Karega Jean Baptiste adakurikije amategeko. [24] Urukiko rurasanga, kuri iki kibazo nyamukuru cyasuzumwe n’inkiko zombi, imitekerereze y’izo nkiko ari imwe, kuko zombi zemeje ko amasezerano y’ubugure Rucamihigo Alphonse yagiranye na Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde atagomba guseswa zishingiye ku kuba Rucamihigo Alphonse yarareze yaramaze kwishyurwa ikiguzi cyose impande zombi zumvikanye mu masezerano. Ikindi kandi inkiko zombi zasanze ingaruka zo kudasesa amasezerano yabaye hagati ya Rucamihigo Alphonse na Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde ari uko Karega Jean Baptiste afite uburenganzira ku mutungo yaguze na Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde wamaze no kumwandikwaho. [25] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga Rucamihigo Alphonse yaratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi; bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. 2.Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [26] Uhagarariye Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde avuga ko asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Rucamihigo Alphonse kwishyura Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde 6.000.000 Frw akubiyemo igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. [27] Uhagarariye Karega Jean Baptiste avuga ko asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Rucamihigo Alphonse kumuha 5.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, kuko Karega Jean Baptiste aba hanze, akaba akora ingendo aza kuburana.

5 Aha nubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwakoresheje gutesha agaciro ariko ni ugusesa, kuko ntaho Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwigeze ruvuga ko amasezerano atagomba guteshwa agaciro ahubwo rwavuze ko atagomba guseswa.

## Page 9

[28] Uhagarariye Rucamihigo Alphonse yiregura ku mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’abaregwa avuga ko abihariye Urukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo. Uko Urukiko rubibona [29] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z‘imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [30] Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Rucamihigo Alphonse bwaratumye Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde na Karega Jean Baptiste bakurikirana uru rubanza banashaka Abavoka bo kubahagararira, kuba rero inzitizi batanze ifite ishingiro, birumvikana ko amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza basaba afite ishingiro, ariko ayo basaba ni mesnhi harebwe ibyakozwe ku rubanza. Bityo, mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba rugeneye Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde na Karega Jean Baptiste, buri wese, 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego, agomba gutangwa na Rucamihigo Alphonse. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [31] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde na Karega Jean Baptiste, ifite ishingiro. [32] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Rucamihigo Alphonse butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [33] Rutegetse Rucamihigo Alphonse kwishyura Murekatete Clémentine Vervelde na Karega Jean Baptiste, buri wese, amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego. Yose hamwe akaba amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana ane (1.400.000 Frw). [34] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.