RUVUGABIGWI v. BPR Ltd

# RUVUGABIGWI v. BPR Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2016-01-22 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 0024/13/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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RUVUGABIGWI v. BPR Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMAA 0024/13/CS (Mutashya, P.J., Karimunda na Gakwaya, J.) 22 Janvier 2016] Itegeko rigena ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga – Gushingira ku cyemezo kimwe mu nkiko zitandukanye – Impamvu z’urubanza nizo zituma ababuranyi basuzuma niba imiburanire yabo yarasesenguwe n’urukiko kandi ko buri cyemezo cy’urukiko kigomba kuba cyasobanuriwe impamvu – Icyo umushinga amategeko ateganya kibuza iyakirwa ry’ubujurire mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ari impamvu imwe aho kuba icyemezo kimwe. Kuba rero inkiko ebyiri zitandukanye zarafashe icyemezo kimwe ku ngingo imwe ntibivuze ko impamvu yari imwe, ubujurire bukaba bugomba kwakirwa kuko buri mu bubasha bw’urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Itegeko-Ngenga N 03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ingingo ya 28. Incamake y’ikibazo: Banki ya’Abaturage y’u Rwanda (BPR) yahaye Ruvugabigwi inguzanyo maze inanirwa kwishyura bituma imurega mu Rukiko rw’ubucuruzi rwa Huye isaba kwishyurwa umwenda remezo hamwe n’inyungu zawo. Urukiko rwaregewe rwemeza ko Ruvugabigwi yishyura umwenda wose, inyungu n’indishyi byose hamwe bihwanye na 293.950.055 Frws. Nyuma yaho Ruvugabigwi ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko amasezerano yagiranye na Banki avuga ko ingwate yatanze ariyo yagombaga kuvamo ubwishyu hatiriwe hatangwa ikirego mu Rukiko, avuga ko yaciwe inyungu n’indishyi by’umurengera. Urukiko ruvuga ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Ruvugabigwi ntiyishimiye icyo icyemezo, akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga. BPR ivuga ko Ruvugabigwi ashingira ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa ariko akiyibagiza izindi mpamvu ziha Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza, ivuga kandi ko amasezerano impande zombo zagiranye avuga ko atagombaga kuregwa mbere y’uko ingwate yatanze igurishwa, avuga kandi ko hari n’indi ngingo iri mu masezerano ivuga ko iyemerera kuregera urukiko mu gihe havutse ikibazo. Ivuga kandi ko umurongo Ruvugabigwi avuga ko watanzwe n’Urukiko kuri iki kibazo ntaho ruhuriye n’uru, inkiko zazo Nkiko zivuga ko urubanza ashingiraho ntaho ruhuriye n’uru, avuga ko byose bigaragaza ko yatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi. Ruvugabigwi avuga ko asaba urukiko gusuzumana ubushishozi ibyo BPR yita gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi, avuga ko niba rusanze atari zimwe cyangwa ntazihari,yasabaga ko rwashingira ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa kubera ko karegengeje miliyoni mirongo itanu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda nyuma rukemeza ko uru rubanza ruri mu bubasha bwarwo . Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba ikibazo cy’umwenda remezo uregwa aregwa cyarabajijwe kandi gisesengurwa gusa n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye, bivuze ko nubwo inkiko zombi zafashe icyemezo kimwe kuri iyi ngingo ziha urega ibyo yari yasabye, impamvu zatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye kuri iyi ngingo ntizikwiye kwitirirwa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu gihe rwo rwagarukiye gusa ku kugaragaza ingano y’umwenda remezo, cyane cyane ko icyo

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Umushingamategeko ateganya ko kibuza iyakirwa ry’ubujurire mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ari impamvu zimwe aho kuba icyemezo kimwe, bityo uregwa akaba ataratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu Nkiko zombi. Inzitizi y’uregwa nta shingiro ifite. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bw’uwareze. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko-Ngenga N 03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ingingo ya 28. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye, Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda irega RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul kuba yarananiwe kwishyura umwenda remezo yahawe n’inyugu ziwukomokaho. [2] Mu rubanza RCOM 0260/12/TC/HYE rwaciwe kuwa 26/02/2013, urwo Rukiko rwasanze nubwo RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul atemeranywa na Banki ku ngano y’umwenda wose, hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza umwenda remezo n’inyungu zose agomba kwishyura, rwemeza ko yishyura umwenda remezo, inyungu, indishyi n’igihembo cy’Avoka yose hamwe angana na 293.950.055 Frw. [3] RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko ingingo ya 9 y’amasezerano yagiranye na Banki iteganya ko ingwate yatanze ariyo yagombaga kuvamo ubwishyu hatiriwe hatangwa ikirego mu Rukiko, ko Urukiko rwirengagije iyo ngingo bituma runyuranya n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza RCOMA 0030/11/HCC, nyamara izo manza ziteye kimwe kandi ko ayo makosa yatumye acibwa inyungu n’indishyi by’umurengera. [4] Mu rubanza RCOMA 0125/13/HCC rwaciwe kuwa 10/06/2013, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ingingo ya 9 y’amasezerano itavuga ko byanze bikunze ingwate igurishwa hatabanje kwiyambaza Inkiko kubera ko ingingo ya 15 y’amasezerano hagati y’ababuranyi iteganya ko ibibazo byerekeranye n’umwenda bizavuka hagati yabo bizakemurwa n’Inkiko zibifitiye ububasha. [5] Urukiko rwasanze kandi kuba rubanza RCOMA 0030/11/HCC rutarashingiweho byaratewe n’uko rudahuye n’icyaburanwaga kubera ko muri urwo rubanza Banki yatsinzwe no kuba yarakoresheje inzira idateganyijwe mu masezerano kuko harimo ingingo yazitiraga ukuregera Urukiko hatabayeho kugurisha ingwate muri cyamunara. Urukiko rwasanze kandi inyungu n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka byaciwe RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul zitakwitwa umurengera kandi yarabazwe haherewe k’umwenda remezo yishyuzwaga kandi

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hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’amasezerano yagiranye na Banki, rwanzura ruvuga ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [6] RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul ntiyishimiye icyo icyemezo, akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga. [7] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 15/12/2015, RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul ahari kandi yunganiwe na Me NSENGIYAREMYE Jean Claude naho Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ihagarariwe na Me MUBANGIZI Frank. [8] Iburanisha rigitangira, Me MUBANGIZI Frank yibukije inzitizi yatanze yo kutakira ikirego kuko kitari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga bitewe n’uko RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul yatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi no mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. II.IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO Kumenya niba uru rubanza ruri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. [9] Me MUBANGIZI Frank uburanira Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda avuga ko RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul ashingira ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa ariko akiyibagiza izindi mpamvu ziha Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza, ko mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye no mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi yaburanishije inzitizi ebyiri: y’uko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 9 y’amasezerano yagiranye na Banki atakagombye kuregwa mbere y’uko ingwate yatanze igurishwa hakishyurwa umwenda afitiye Banki n’iy’uko hari umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuri iki kibazo ugomba kugenderwaho, Inkiko zombi zemeza ko ingingo ya 15 y’amasezerano RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul yagiranye na Banki iyemerera kuregera Urukiko mu gihe havutse ikibazo, naho kubyerekeranye n’umurongo avuga ko watanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, izo Nkiko zivuga ko urubanza ashingiraho ntaho ruhuriye n’uru, byose bigaragaza ko yatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu Nkiko zombi. [10] Asoza asaba uru Rukiko gushingira ku ngingo ya 28, igika cya 5 y’Itegeko-Ngenga n°03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rukemeza ko ubujurire bwa RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul butakiriwe kubera ko yatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye no mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. [11] Me NSENGIYAREMYE Jean Claude uburanira RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul avuga ko uwo aburanira atatsinzwe n’impamvu zimwe kuko nubwo Inkiko zombi zagiye zigaruka ku masezerano yabaye hagati ya Banki na RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul ndetse no ku rubanza RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul yatanze agirango ruzashingirweho, bitafatwa ko yatsinzwe n’impamvu zimwe mu gihe izo ngingo zerekeranye n’inzitizi yari yatanze, inzitizi zikaba zitatuma umuburanyi atsindwa kuko umuburanyi atsindwa n’ingingo z’ikirego mu mizi akaba ari nazo ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 28, igika cya 5 y’Itegeko–Ngenga n˚03/2012/OL ryo ku wa

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13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga ko igihe Inkiko zombi zashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe mu gusesengura ingingo z’ikirego (fond/substance) aribwo ubujurire butakirwa. [12] Asobanura ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaravuze ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ubwabyo bitafatwa nk’impamvu yashingiweho n’urwo Rukiko, ko ahubwo icyo gihe nta mpamvu Urukiko ruba rwashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo, akaba asaba uru Rukiko gusuzumana ubushishozi ibyo Me MUBANGIZI Frank yita impamvu zimwe mu Nkiko zombi, rwasanga atari zimwe cyangwa ntazihari rugashingira ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa kubera ko karegengeje miliyoni mirongo itanu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, rukemeza ko uru rubanza ruri mu bubasha bwarwo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 28, igika cya 2, agace ka 7, n’igika cya 4 y’Itegeko–Ngenga n˚03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ingingo ya 28, igika cya 5 y’Itegeko–Ngenga n˚03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga ko« Icyakora, urubanza umuburanyi yatsinzwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe, ntirushobora kujuririrwa mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga.» [14] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rwafashe icyemezo ku nzitizi yatanzwe mbere yo kujya mu mizi y’urubanza ijyanye no kutakira ikirego cyatanzwe na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yifashishije urubanza RCOMA 0030/11/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 06/01/2012, mu gufata icyemezo kuri iyo nzitizi Urukiko rwasanze muri urwo rubanza Banki yaratsinzwe n’uko yakoresheje inzira itarateganyijwe mu masezerano kuko harimo ingingo iyibuza kuregera Inkiko ingwate yatanzwe itaragurishwa muri cyamunara, bitandukanye n’ibiri mu masezerano hagati ya Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda na RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul aho ayo masezerano atabuza Banki kwiyambaza Inkiko ahubwo ingingo ya 15 yayo ivuga ko impaka nizivuka hagati y’impande zombi haziyambazwa Inkiko zibifitiye ububasha, ayo amasezerano akaba ateganya kandi ko Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ishobora gukoresha cyangwa kudakoresha inzira yo kugurisha ingwate, rwanzura ruvuga ko inzitizi yatanzwe yo kutakira ikirego nta shingiro ifite (cote 127). [15] Kubirebana n’urubanza mu mizi, inyandiko zigize dosiye zigaragaza kandi ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye rwafashe icyemezo rushingiye ku kuba nubwo RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul atemeranya na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ku ngano y’umwenda ayisigayemo, hari ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bigizwe n’urupaparo rwiswe "situation détaillée du crédit de RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul” rwo ku wa 29/11/2012 rugaragaza ko RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul abereyemo Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda umwenda remezo ungana na 271.161.419 FRW, inyungu zisanzwe zingana na 19.897.845 FRW hamwe n’inyungu z’ubukererwe zingana na 890.791 FRW, hiyongereyeho amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka, yose hamwe akaba angana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 293.950.055 (cote 127-129). [16] Mu bujurire, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi narwo rwafashe icyemezo rushingiye ku kuba umucamanza wa mbere yarasuzumye urubanza no RCOMA 0030/11/HCC rwifashishijwe hatangwa inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego asanga rudahuye n’uru rubanza kubera ko mu rubanza no RCOMA 0030/11/HCC rwakijijwe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, Banki yatsinzwe nuko

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yakoresheje inzira itarateganyijwe n’amasezerano iyibuza kuregera Urukiko ingwate yatanzwe itaragurishwa. Urwo Rukiko rwasanze nubwo ingingo ya 9 y’amaserano hagati ya Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda na RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul iteganya ko mu gihe hatabayeho kubahiriza ubwishyu ingwate yatanzwe yatezwa cyamunara hatagombye kubanza kwiyambaza Inkiko, ingingo ya 15 yayo masezerano iteganya ko mu gihe havutse ikibazo kijyanye n’umwenda ugaragara mu masezerano hazitabazwa Inkiko zibifitiye ububasha, rwemeza ko nta kosa ryabaye haregerwa Inkiko aho guhita hatezwa cyamunara ingwate yatanzwe, kandi ko indishyi zaciwe atari umurengera kuko zishingiye ku masezerano no ku mwenda remezo ungana na 271.161.491 Frw, bityo ko nta gikwiye guhinduka ku rubanza rwajuririwe (cote 63-65). [17] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwahise rusuzuma ikibazo cyerekeranye n’inyungu ndetse n’indishyi RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul yavugaga ko ari umurengera hanyuma rusuzuma ikibazo cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul yasabaga, ntaho Urukiko rugaragaza ko rwasuzumye ikibazo cy’umwenda wa Banki RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul aregwa (kopi y’urubanza RCOMA 0125/13/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 10/06/2013, urupapuro rwa 4 n’urwa 5). [18] Urukiko rurasanga ikibazo cy’umwenda remezo RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul aregwa na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda cyarabajijwe kandi gisesengurwa gusa n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye, bivuze ko nubwo Inkiko zombi zafashe icyemezo (dispositif) kimwe kuri iyi ngingo ziha urega ibyo yari yasabye, impamvu zatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye kuri iyi ngingo ntizikwiye kwitirirwa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu gihe rwo rwagarukiye gusa ku kugaragaza ingano y’umwenda remezo rudasuzumye kandi ngo rusobanure ishingiro ryawo nyamara rwari rwasabwe kugaragaza ko inyungu zishingiye kuri uwo mwenda remezo ari cyangwa atari umurengera, byumvikanisha ko icyagombaga kubanza gusuzumwa ari ingano y’umwenda, kuvuga rero ko izo mpamvu zari kuba zimwe iyo n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzuzi rusuzuma ingingo y’umwenda remezo bikaba byaba ari ugukekeranya kuko nta kibuza ko izo Nkiko zari guhuriza ku mwanzuro umwe zishingiye ku mpamvu zitandukanye, cyane cyane ko icyo Umushingamategeko ateganya ko kibuza iyakirwa ry’ubujurire mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ari impamvu zimwe aho kuba icyemezo kimwe, bityo ibyo Me MUBANGIZI Frank aburanisha ko mu Nkiko zombi icyatumye RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul atsindwa ari kimwe bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [19] Urukiko rurasanga umuhanga mu mategeko Serge Guinchard na bagenzi be nabo bemeza ko impamvu (motif) ari icyashingiweho n’Urukiko rugaragariza kandi rusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye rufata icyemezo, ko impamvu z’urubanza arizo zituma ababuranyi basuzuma niba imiburanire yabo yarasesenguwe n’Urukiko kandi ko buri cyemezo cy’Urukiko kigomba kuba cyasobanuriwe impamvu, bivuze ko mu gihe Urukiko rwakoresheje imvugo rusange mu cyemezo cyarwo rutabitangiye impamvu isobanutse bikwiye gufatwa nk’aho nta mpamvu yatanzwe,1 naho umuhanga mu mategeko Ephrem Gasasira akavuga ko «ari ibisanzwe ko 1 1 “Les motifs correspondent aux raisons qui ont conduit le juge à prendre sa décision: c’est grâce à la motivation que les parties peuvent vérifier que le juge a pris en compte leurs moyens de fait et de droit…Tout chef du dispositif du jugement doit être justifié par des motifs propres. Cette exigence soulève la question de la valeur des formules générales… Si les motifs du jugement n’expliquent pas les raisons précises [de ces formules générales], …il y a défaut de motif.» Serge Guinchard [sous la dir.], Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, Paris : Dalloz, 2006, p.838.

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icyemezo cy’Urukiko kiva mu mpamvu urwo Rukiko rwatanze… »,2 byose bishimangira ko ibyo Me MUBANGIZI Frank uburanira Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda aburanisha ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarafashe icyemezo ku byo iyo Banki yaregeye byose harimo n’ikibazo cy’umwenda remezo byumvukanisha ko iyo ngingo yasuzumwe, nta shingiro bifite kubera ko kuri iyi ngingo urwo Rukiko rwafashe icyemezo nta mpamvu rubitangiye. [20] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ikibazo cy’umwenda remezo RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul agomba Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda cyarasuzumwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye rwonyine, urwo Rukiko rutangira impamvu icyemezo rwafashe, bivuze ko Inkiko zombi zitashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe zifata icyemezo kuri iyo ngingo, bityo ubujurire bwatanzwe na RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul muri uru Rukiko bukaba bukwiye kwakirwa kubera ko buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 28, igika cya 5 y’Itegeko-Ngenga no 03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. [21] Urukiko rurasanga kandi kuba nta gushidikanya guhari ko ikiburanwa gifite agaciro karengeje miriyoni mirongo itanu kubera ko umwenda uregerwa na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ungana na 271.161.419 Frw nabyo bituma uru rubanza ruba mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 28, igika cya 2, agace ka 7 n’igika cya 4, nabyo bishimangira ko ubujurire bwa RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul bukwiye kwakirwa. IV. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda nta shingiro ifite; [23] Ruvuze ko uru Rukiko rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwatanzwe na RUVUGABIGWI Jean Paul; [24] Ruvuze ko iburanisha ry’uru rubanza mu mizi rizakomeza ku wa 08/03/2016. 2 2 “[Le dispositif] est une conséquence logique des motifs dont il émane…”, Ephrem Gasasira, Procédure civile et commerciale, Kigali: Printerset, 1993, p.167.