RUVUGABIGWI v. BANKI Y’ABATURAGE Y’U RWANDA

# RUVUGABIGWI v. BANKI Y’ABATURAGE Y’U RWANDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2016-05-15 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 0024/13/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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RUVUGABIGWI v. BANKI Y’ABATURAGE Y’U RWANDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMAA 0024/13/CS (Mutashya, P.J., Karimunda na Gakwaya, J.) 15 Gicurasi 2016] Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Gukora ibisabwa mu masezerano – Kwica amasezerano – Banki ntiyari yemerewe gukora ibyo ishatse n’igihe ishatse mu masezerano nk’uko ibivuga iregera inkiko yisunze ingingo ya 15 y’amasezerano kuko ari ingingo isoza kandi rusange itabanje kubahiriza ibyari byumvikanyweho mu ngingo ya 9 y’amasezerano yayihaga uburenganzira bwo gucunga, gukodesha cyangwa kugurisha ingwate mu gihe hatabayeho kwishyurira igihe ikabona kuregera urukiko ari uko ubwo buryo bwanze – Itegeko ryo ku wa 30/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 33. Indishyi – Gushorwa mu manza – Indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu – Banki ntiyahabwa indishyi kuko yaregeye inkiko yirengagije ibikubiye mu masezerano; ahubwo uregwa agomba kuzihabwa kuko yasiragiye mu nkiko kugirango yumvikanishe ubwo burenganzira – Itegeko ryo ku wa 30/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 258. Indishyi – Amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka – Ruvugabigwi agomba kuyahabwa kuko hari ibyo yatakaje akaniyambaza Avoka – Itegeko ryo ku wa 30/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 258. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye. Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yaregaga Ruvugabigwi kuba atarishyuye umwenda yamuhaye n’inyungu ziwumkomokaho. Urukiko rwamutegetse kwishyura umwenda remezo, inyungu, indishyi n’igihembo cy’Avoka. Yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko amasezerano yagiranye na Banki mu ngingo ya 9 ateganya ko ingwate yatanze ari yo yagombaga kuvamo inyishyu hataregewe urukiko. Yongeyeho ko Urukiko rwirengagije iyo ngingo bityo runyuranya n’umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RCOMA 0030/11/HCC kandi zihuye, bituma acibwa inyungu n’indishyi by’umurengera. Urukiko rwasanze iyo ngingo idateganya ko byanze bikunze ingwate yazagurishwa hatabaye kwiyambaza inkiko kuko ingingo ya 15 y’ayo masezerano yateganyaga ko ibibazo byerekeranye n’umwenda bizacyemurwa n’inkiko zibifitiye ububasha. Rwanavuze kandi ko kuba urubanza RCOMA 0030/11/HCC rutarashingiweho byatewe n’uko rutahuraga n’ikiburanwa. Ruvugabigwi Jean Paul ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko ingingo ya 9 y’amasezerano bagiranye ivuga ko naramuka atishyuye mu gihe cyumvikanyweho, Banki izagurisha ingwate yatanzwe kuri uwo mwenda nta rubanza. Bavuga ko ubu buryo butegetswe mu masezerano ari bwo bwari gutuma impande zombi zitagwa mu gihombo. Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yasubije ko ingingo ya 9 n’iya 15 ziri mu masezerano amwe yashyizweho umukono n’impande zombi bikaba bihesha banki uburenganzira bwo kwiyambaza ingingo iyo ari yo yose iyakubiyemo bityo ikaba yarahisemo iya 15 kuko ariyo yabonaga iyinogeye kandi iteganya uburo bwizewe.

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Incamake y’icyemzo: 1. Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yagombaga kubahiriza ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 9 y’amasezerano aho kuregera inkiko yisunze ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 15 y’ayo masezerano kuko ari ingingo rusange isoza ivuga ku mpaka zashoboraga kuvuka mu iyubahirizwa ry’izindi ngingo yo ivuyemo. Bityo rero igomba kubanza kubahiriza ibikubiye mu rwandiko yandikiye Ruvugabigwi imwihanangiriza byananirana akaba aribwo yiyambaza iya 15, kuregera inkiko. 2. Banki y’Abaturage ntiyahabwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza n’igihembo cy’avoka kuko ari yo yatanze ikirego mu rukiko yirengagije amasezerano yagiranye na Ruvugabigwi Jean Paul amuha uburenganzira bwo gucunga ingwate, kuyigurisha cyangwa kuyikodesha ahubwo iregera inkiko yirengagije ayo masezerano ivuga ko yari ifite uburenganzira bwo gukora ibyo ishatse igihe ishatse muri ayo masezerano, akaba ari yo mpamvu Ruvugabigwi Jean Paul asiragira mu nkiko agirango yumvikanishe ubwo burenganzira bwe. Bityo Banki y’Abaturage igomba kubitangira indishyi. 3. Ruvugabigwi agomba guhabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka kuko yararezwe mu nkiko bigatuma agira ibyo atakaza akurukirana urubanza akaniyambaza Avoka. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite; Urubanza rwajuririwe ruvuyeho; Rutegetse Banki guha Ruvugabigwi amafaranga y’igihembo cy’avoka n’ayo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere; Banki itegetswe kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho Itegeko ryo ku wa 30/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 33 na 258. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye, Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda irega Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul kuba yarananiwe kwishyura umwenda remezo yahawe n’inyugu ziwukomokaho. [2] Mu rubanza no RCOM 0260/12/TC/HYE rwaciwe ku wa 26/02/2013, urwo Rukiko rwasanze nubwo Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul atemeranywa na Banki ku ngano y’umwenda wose, hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza umwenda remezo n’inyungu zose agomba kwishyura, rwemeza ko yishyura umwenda remezo, inyungu, indishyi n’igihembo cy’Avoka yose hamwe angana na 293.950.055 Frw. [3] Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko ingingo ya 9 y’amasezerano yagiranye na Banki iteganya ko ingwate

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yatanze ariyo yagombaga kuvamo ubwishyu hatiriwe hatangwa ikirego mu Rukiko, ko Urukiko rwirengagije iyo ngingo bituma runyuranya n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza no RCOMA 0030/11/HCC, nyamara izo manza ziteye kimwe kandi ko ayo makosa yatumye acibwa inyungu n’indishyi by’umurengera. [4] Mu rubanza no RCOMA 0125/13/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 10/06/2013, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ingingo ya 9 y’amasezerano itavuga ko byanze bikunze ingwate igurishwa hatabanje kwiyambaza Inkiko kubera ko ingingo ya 15 y’amasezerano hagati y’ababuranyi iteganya ko ibibazo byerekeranye n’umwenda bizavuka hagati yabo bizakemurwa n’Inkiko zibifitiye ububasha. [5] Urukiko rwasanze kandi kuba rubanza no RCOMA 0030/11/HCC rutarashingiweho byaratewe n’uko rudahuye n’icyaburanwaga kubera ko muri urwo rubanza Banki yatsinzwe no kuba yarakoresheje inzira idateganyijwe mu masezerano kuko harimo ingingo yayizitiraga kuregera Urukiko hatabayeho kugurisha ingwate muri cyamunara. Urukiko rwasanze kandi inyungu n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka byaciwe Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul zitakwitwa umurengera kandi yarabazwe haherewe k’umwenda remezo yishyuzwaga, hashingiwe no ku biteganywa n’amasezerano yagiranye na Banki, rwanzura ruvuga ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [6] Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul ntiyishimiye icyo icyemezo, akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga. [7] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 15/12/2015, Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul ahari kandi yunganiwe na Me Nsengiyaremye Jean-Claude naho Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ihagarariwe na Me Mubangizi Frank. [8] Urukiko rwabanje gusuzuma inzitizi yatanzwe na Me Mubangizi Frank yo kutakira ikirego kuko kitari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga bitewe n’uko Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul yatsinzwe n’impamvu zimwe mu Nkiko zombi zibanza. [9] Mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi no RCOMAA 0024/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 22/01/2016, Urukiko rwasanze iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, rwemeza ko urubanza ruzakomeza mu mizi ku wa 08/03/2016. [10] Uwo munsi ugeze, urubanza rwabereye mu ruhame, Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul ahari kandi aburanirwa na Me Nsengiyaremye Jean-Claude naho Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ihagarariwe na Me Mubangizi Frank II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO II.1. Kumenya niba Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yaragombaga kugurisha ingwate aho kuregera Urukiko [11] Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul n’umwunganira bavuga ko ingingo ya 9 y’amasezerano y’inguzanyo hagati ya Ruvugabigwi Jean Paul na Banki iteganya ko Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul naramuka atishyuye mu gihe cyumvikanyweho, Banki izagurisha ingwate yatanzwe kuri uwo

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mwenda nta rubanza, ubu buryo bukaba butegetswe mu masezerano kuko butuma impande zombi zitagwa mu gihombo, aribwo bwagombaga kubahirizwa mbere y’ubundi kuko butanga ububasha ndakumirwa (prérogative) kandi aribwo buri mu nyungu za Banki kuko butuma idatakaza igihe kirekire mu Nkiko, ari nacyo cyatumye Banki ishyira ingingo ya 9 mu masezerano. [12] Asobanura ko kuba Banki itarubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 9 y’amasezerano yayisabaga kugurisha, gukodesha cyangwa kwegukana ingwate, ahubwo igashingira ku ngingo ya 15 y’ayo masezerano igana Inkiko ari ukwica nkana amasezerano igamije guhima Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul no kumuteza igihombo kugirango izungukire mu kumucisha indishyi zitari ngombwa, kuko ingingo ya 15 yari kwiyambazwa habaye impaka, ariko icyabaye akaba ari uko Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul yamaze amezi abiri atishyura, ibyo bikaba bititwa impaka (contestation) ahubwo byitwa kutubahiriza inshingano zo kwishyura umwenda (défaillance de paiement). [13] Me Mubangizi Frank uhagarariye Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, avuga ko ingingo ya 9 n’iya 15 ziri mu masezerano amwe yashyizweho umukono na Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul kuko yemera ibiyakubiyemo byose, bikaba bihesha Banki uburenganzira bwo kwiyambaza ingingo iyo ariyo yose iri muri ayo masezerano. Asobanura ko icyatumye Banki ihitamo gushingira ku ngingo ya 15 ari uko Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul yari yananiwe kwishyura, Banki yiyambaza uburyo buyinogeye kandi bwizewe bwari gutuma igaruza ibyayo kuko hari igihe cyamunara ikorwa ku ngwate hanyuma igaseswa kandi ko atumva impamvu Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul atsimbarara ku ngingo ya 9 kandi yarajuriye kuko iyo aba aha agaciro iyo ngingo avuga yari kureka kujurira, imanza zaciwe n’Inkiko zibanza zigashyirwa mu bikorwa. [14] Asoza avuga ko nta tandukaniro riri hagati y’ingingo ya 9 n’iya 15 y’amasezerano uretse kuba mu ngingo ya 9 hari ahavugwamo ko Banki ishobora gucunga ibiva mu ngwate igakuramo ubwishyu, naho ingingo ya 15 ikavugako Banki iziyambaza Inkiko uwafashe umwenda aramutse ananiwe kwishyura, byose bigaragaza ko ibyo Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul n’umwunganira baburanisha ko ingingo ya 15 yari kwiyambazwa gusa mu gihe habaye impaka hagati y’impande zombi naho iya 9 igakoreshwa Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul yananiwe kwishyura umwenda nta shingiro bifite kuko nta zindi mpaka ziba hagati ya Banki n’uwagurijwe umwenda uretse kunanirwa kwishyura umwenda, akaba asaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko nta makosa yakozwe n’Inkiko zibanza, imikirize y’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ikagumaho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ingingo ya 33 y’Igitabo cya Gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano yakoreshwaga Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ikorana amasezerano y’inguzanyo na RUVUGABIGWI Jean-Paul iteganya ko « Amasezerano akozwe k’uburyo bukurikije amategeko, aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n’amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya. » [16] Mu nyandiko zigize dosiye y’urubanza, harimo amasezerano y’inguzanyo no 105/2011/461/005 yo ku wa 10/11/2011 hagati ya Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, ingingo ya 9 y’ayo masezerano igira iti: “Si le crédité n’exécute pas ses engagements dans les délais convenus, la Banque aura le droit de requérir l’application des

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dispositions légales et règlementaires sur les hypothèques. Ainsi, en cas de défaillance de remboursement, le crédité autorise la banque à, selon ses convenances, gérer, mettre en location, réaliser ou s’approprier l’hypothèque. En cas de réalisation de l’hypothèque, la vente aura lieu au lieu de l’immeuble et dans les formes et procédures prescrites par les lois et règlements en la matière.» Naho ingingo ya 15 y’ayo masezerano iteganya ko «Toutes contestations relatives aux engagements régis par le présent contrat seront du ressort des tribunaux compétents du siège de la Banque. Si la Banque le juge nécessaire, elle peut porter l’action devant la juridiction du domicile du crédité.» [17] Muri dosiye y’urubanza harimo kandi urwandiko rwa Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda rwo ku wa 17/12/2012 rwihanangiriza bwa nyuma (mise en demeure) RUVUGABIGWI Jean- Paul kandi rumusaba kwishyura amafaranga yakereranywe kwishyura mu minsi mirongo itatu y’akazi, kandi rugira ruti :« bitabaye ibyo hagakurikiraho kugurisha imitungo yawe nk’uko amategeko abiteganya kugirango umwenda wishyurwe. Umutungo watanzeho ingwate uzagurishwa mu gihe uzaba utubahirije ibyo wasabwe ni uyu ukurikira:- inzu iri kubakwa iri i Huye, Umurenge wa Ngoma, Akagali ka Butare iri mu kibanza no 85, -inzu iri i Huye umurenge wa Tumba, Akagali ka Gitwa iri muri kibanza no 330.» [18] Urukiko rurasanga ntaho ingingo ya 9 y’amasezerano iteganya ko Ruvugabigwi Jean- Paul naramuka atubahirije inshingano ze zo kwishyura ku gihe cyumvikanweho hazaregerwa Inkiko, ahubwo iyo ngingo iteganya ko Banki ishobora guhitamo gucunga, gukodesha, kwegukana cyangwa kugurisha ingwate, byose bigakorwa mu buryo n’inzira biteganywa n’amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga ingwate; inzira yo kugurisha ingwate ikaba ariyo Banki yari yahisemo nk’uko bigaragazwa n’urwandiko yandikiye Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul ku wa 17/12/2012 rwavugaga ko hazagurishwa amazu ye abiri ari mu mujyi wa Huye naramuka atubahirije inshingano ze mu minsi mirongo itatu, byumvikanisha ko na Banki ubwayo yemera ko icyagombaga gukorwa ku ikubitiro atari ukujya mu Nkiko ahubwo ari ukugurisha ingwate, bityo ibyo Uhagarariye Banki avuga ko yashoboraga no guhita iregera Inkiko bikaba bigaragaza kwivuguruza. [19] Urukiko rurasanga impamvu mu ngingo ya 9 y’amasezerano hagati ya Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul na Banki nta kwiyambaza Inkiko kuvugwamo ari uko impande zombi zemeranyijwe ko Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul nananirwa kwishyura, Banki iziyishyura binyuze ku ngwate yatanzwe hatagombye urubanza, ibi bikaba bishimangirwa n’imvugo ya Me Mubangizi Frank uvuga ko ntacyababujije kugurisha ingwate ndetse n’urwandiko Banki yandikiye Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul ku wa 17/12/2012 rwasabaga Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul kwishyura mu minsi mirongo itatu, bitaba bityo ingwate ikagurishwa, urwo rwandiko rukaba ntaho ruvuga ko iryo gurishwa rizagombera icyemezo cy’Urukiko, byose byumvikanisha ko gushyira mu bikorwa ingingo ya 9 y’amasezerano bitasabaga kwiyambaza Inkiko. [20] Urukiko rurasanga byonyine kuba Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul atarubahirije inshingano ze ku gihe bitakwitwa impaka zivugwa mu ngingo ya 15 y’amasezerano nk’uko Me Mubangizi Frank ashaka kubyumvikanisha, ahubwo iyo nyuma y’urwo rwandiko rwamusabaga kwishyura mu minsi mirongo itatu ahakana ingano y’umwenda cyangwa inyungu zawo yishyuzwaga cyangwa se akanga ko ingwate igurishwa ngo haboneke ubwishyu, nibyo byari kubyara impaka (contestations) zivugwa muri iyo ngingo bigatuma Banki iregera Inkiko kugira ngo zibakiranure, bigaragaza ko iregera Inkiko, Banki yanyuranyije n’ibyumvikanweho mu masezerano.

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[21] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ingingo ya 15 y’amasezerano ari ingingo rusange isoza (disposition générale et finale) ishyiraho uburyo bwo gukemura impaka zavutse mu iyubahirizwa ry’izindi ngingo zigize amasezerano, bisobanuye ko iyo ngingo yiyambazwa ari uko ibiteganyijwe n’izindi ngingo, buri ngingo ifashwe ukwayo, imwe isomewe hamwe n’indi cyangwa zisomewe hamwe zose uvanyemo iya 15, bitubahirijwe, nabyo bishimangira ko ingingo ya 15 itari gushingirwaho haregerwa Inkiko kandi nta mpaka zavutse mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibiteganyijwe n’ingingo ya 9, bityo ibyo Banki y’Abaturage iburanisha ko yari ifite uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ingingo ishatse igihe ishakiye bikaba nta shingiro bifite kuko ishyira ingingo ya 9 mu masezerano yari yiyemeje ko igomba kubanza kubahiriza ibiyikubiyemo aribyo birebana no kugurisha, gukodesha cyangwa kwegukana ingwate Ruvugabigwi Jean Paul yari yatanze, byananirana Banki ikabona kugana Inkiko. [22] Urukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 33 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano yakoreshwaga amasezerano y’inguzanyo hagati ya Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda na RUVUGABIGWI Jean-Paul akorwa, no ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda igomba kubanza kubahiriza ingingo ya 9 y’amasezerano yagiranye na RUVUGABIGWI Jean-Paul, ikagana Inkiko ari uko ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo byananiranye, bityo urubanza no RCOMA 0125/13/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 10/06/2013 ndetse n’urubanza no RCOM 0260/12/TC/HYE rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye ku wa 26/02/2013 zikaba zikwiye kuvaho, ibintu bigasubira uko byari biri mbere y’uko zicibwa, bisobanuye ko hagomba kubahirizwa ibikubiye mu rwandiko rumwihanangiriza bwa nyuma yandikiwe na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ku wa 17/12/2012. [23] Urukiko rurasanga kandi mu gihe urubanza rwajuririwe rutakiriho, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma ibijyanye n’igihombo Ruvugabigwi Jean Paul avuga ko yatejwe n’indishyi yaciwe n’Inkiko. II.2. Kumenya niba RUVUGABIGWI Jean-Paul akwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka asaba. [24] Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul n’umwunganira bavuga ko Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul adakwiye gucibwa indishyi Banki y’Abaturage isaba kuko icyabaye ari ugushyira mu bikorwa uburenganzira bwo kujurira, ahubwo ko yashowe mu manza nta mpamvu kandi amasezerano ateganya ko ingwate yatanzwe igurishwa ikavamo ubwishyu bw’umwenda yafashe, akaba abisabira indishyi zingana na 10.000.000 Frw, na 2.500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya avoka. [25] Me Mubangizi Frank avuga ko indishyi Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul asaba nta shingiro zifite ahubwo ko Banki y’Abaturage yakomeje gushorwa mu manza ku maherere, ikaba ibisabira indishyi zingana na 3.000.000 Frw kandi hakiyongeraho na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya avoka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [26] Ingingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano iteganya ko "Igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi, gitegeka nyiri gukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse."

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[27] Ku birebana n’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu, Urukiko rurasanga Banki y’Abaturage ariyo yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye, yiregangije urwandiko rwayo rwo ku wa 17/12/2012 rwamenyeshaga Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul ko hazagurishwa ingwate hatiyambajwe Inkiko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 9 y’amasezerano hagati y’impande zombi, ibikora ititaye ku ngaruka z’icyo cyemezo kuri Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul kandi itagaragaza ikiyibuza kubahiriza iyo ngingo uretse kuvuga gusa ko yemerewe gukora ibyo ishatse igihe ishakiye muri ayo masezerano, icyo cyemezo cy’impangukano (arbitraire) kikaba aricyo cyatumye Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul asiragira mu Nkiko ashaka kumvikanisha uburenganzira bwe, bityo Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ikaba igomba kubiryorezwa indishyi. Ariko, kubera ko 10.000.000 Frw Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul asaba ari umurengera, akaba akwiye guhabwa 2.000.000 Frw agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko. [28] Ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka, Urukiko rurasanga Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul yararezwe mu Nkiko, bituma agira ibyo atakaza mu gukurikirana uru rubanza ndetse biba ngombwa ko yiyambaza na avoka uhembwa, icyakora, amafaranga 2.500.000 Frw abisabira akaba ari ikirenga cyane cyane ko atanayagaragariza ibimenyetso byemeza ko ariyo akwiriye, bityo akaba agenewe 2.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [29] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul bufite ishingiro; [30] Ruvuze ko urubanza no RCOMA 0125/13/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 10/06/2013 n’urubanza no RCOM 0260/12/TC/HYE rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Huye ku wa 26/02/2013 zivanweho, ibintu bigasubira uko byari biri mbere y’uko zicibwa, hakubahirizwa ibiteganywa mu rwandiko rumwihanangiriza bwa nyuma yandikiwe na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ku wa 17/12/2012; [31] Rutegetse Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda guha Ruvugabigwi Jean-Paul 2.000.000 Frw yo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu na 2.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka, yose hamwe akaba 4.000.000 Frw; [32] Rutegetse Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza.