RUZINDANA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# RUZINDANA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00119/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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RUZINDANA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00119/2025/CA (Rutazana, P.J.,) 29 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana – Gusaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cya ngwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Umwana w’umukobwa witwa U. w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko yagiye kurega Ruzindana mu Buyobozi avuga ko yamusambanyije abanje kumwizeza kumuha amafaranga 1.500Frw, ariko arangije ntiyayamuha. Ruzindana yahise ashyikirizwa inzego z’ikurikiranacyaha atangira gukurikiranwa. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20), uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rushingiye kuri raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko U. atagifite akarangabusugi, bityo rwemeje ko Ruzindana ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa cyo gusambanya umwana, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Ruzindana yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha, kandi ko ibyo bakoze na U. byari kubwumvikanye, ndetse akamuha n’amafaranga. Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko igihano Ruzindana yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa kuko mu rubanza rwajuririwe cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije kandi akaba ntacyo anenga urubanza yajuririye. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ruzindana nta shingiro bufite, maze rugumishaho igihano yahanishijwe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. rushingiye ku kuba hari urundi rubanza rwaciwe ku wa 28/07/2005 aho Ruzindana François yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20, aza gufungurwa ku wa 27/04/2019 ku bw’imbabazi za Perezida wa Repubulika, hanyuma ku wa 06/07/2020 yongera gukora icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana (isubiracyaha). Ruzindana yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, we n’umwunganira basaba uru Rukiko guca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano, maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10 kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu nkiko kandi akaba atararuhije ubutabera kuko yacyemeye kuva agifatwa.

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Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yabanje kuvuga ko ubujurire bwa Ruzindana nta shingiro bufite kuko mu rubanza rwajuririwe Urukiko rwasobanuye ko rutamugabanyirije igihano kubera isubiracyaha, ariko ageze mu iburanisha avuga ko ahinduye imiburnaire, asaba ko mu gihe hataboneka urubanza rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwabivuze, yagabanyirizwa igihano, kuko bigaragara ko ku nzego zabanje kitagabanyijwe. Urukiko rurasuzuma niba igifungo cy’imyaka 20 Ruzindana François yahanishijwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe gishobora kugabanywa. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko Ruzindana François nawe yarakoze icyaha aregwa afite imyaka irenga 30 y’amavuko, asambanya umwana wari ufite imyaka 17 y’amavuko, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi kuko nta rundi rubanza rwagaragajwe yaba yarahamijwemo icyaha, ndetse akaba yaraburanye acyemera, bityo ko nawe akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 16. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cya ngwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ku wa 04/04/2022; Urubanza RPAA 01400/2024/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirayezu Aimable, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/10/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Umwana w’umukobwa witwa U1 w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko yagiye kurega Ruzindana François mu Buyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Kabagogo avuga ko yamusambanyije abanje kumwizeza kumuha amafaranga 1.500Frw, ariko arangije ntiyayamuha. Ruzindana François yahise ashyikirizwa inzego z’ikurikiranacyaha atangira gukurikiranwa.

1 Iri zina yarihawe muri uru rubanza mu rwego rwo kurinda umwirondoro we.

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[2] Nyuma y’iperereza Ubushinjacyaha bwumureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Ruzindana François yaburanye yemera icyaha. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00708/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ku wa 10/02/2021, rushingiye kuri raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko U. atagifite akarangabusugi kandi ko inyuma ku ijipo yari yambaye no ku ijosi hari handuye hariho umukungugu, rwemeje ko Ruzindana François ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20. [4] Ruzindana François yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, anavuga ko yari yumvikanye na U. kandi ko yamuhaye amafaranga. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko igihano Ruzindana François yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa kuko mu rubanza rwajuririwe cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije kandi akaba ntacyo anenga urubanza yajuririye. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00289/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 13/01/2025, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ruzindana François nta shingiro bufite, rugumishaho igihano yahanishijwe mu rubanza RP 00708/2020/TGI/MHG. Ibyo Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwabyemeje rushingiye ku kuba hari urundi rubanza rwaciwe ku wa 28/07/2005 aho Ruzindana François yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20, aza gufungurwa ku wa 27/04/2019 ku bw’imbabazi za Perezida wa Repubulika, hanyuma ku wa 06/07/2020 yongera gukora icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana (isubiracyaha). [7] Ku wa 15/01/2025, Ruzindana François yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe buhabwa RPAA 00119/2025/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 08/12/2025 yunganiwe na Me Munyansanga Amina Gisѐle, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu bujurire bwe, Ruzindana François n’umwunganira basaba uru Rukiko guca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10 kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu nkiko kandi akaba atararuhije ubutabera kuko yacyemeye kuva agifatwa. [9] Mu myanzuro y’uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yabanje kuvuga ko ubujurire bwa Ruzindana François nta shingiro bufite kuko mu rubanza rwajuririwe Urukiko rwasobanuye ko rutamugabanyirije igihano kubera isubiracyaha ; ariko ageze mu iburanisha avuga ko ahinduye imiburnaire, asaba ko mu gihe hataboneka urubanza rwahamije Ruzindana François icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwabivuze, yagabanyirizwa igihano, kuko bigaragara ko ku nzeo zabanje kitagabanyijwe. [10] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba igifungo cy’imyaka 20 Ruzindana François yahanishijwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe gishobora kugabanywa.

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igifungo cy’imyaka 20 Ruzindana François yahanishijwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe gishobora kongera kugabanywa. [11] Ruzindana François n’umwunganira bavuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 14 (1) (2) y’Itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yagombaga guhanishwa igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka 20 na 25, kandi ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 (b) nayo y’iryo tegeko akaba yaragombaga kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza kuri ½ cy’igihano itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha aregwa. Bagasaba uru Rukuko gishingira ku biteganyijwe muri izo ngingo no ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu nkiko kandi akaba atararuhije ubutabera kuko kuva agifatwa yemeye icyaha, maze rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 10. [12] Mu myanzuro y’Ubushinjacyaha, ubuhagarariye yabanje kuvuga ko hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00848/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/05/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kanyabikari Augustin, aho rwasobanuye ko n’iyo haba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, Urukiko rudategetswe kugabanya igihano, ahubwo rukigena mu bushishozi bwarwo rushingiye ku mikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho n’uburyo cyakozwemo, ubujurire bwa Ruzindana François budakwiriye guhabwa ishingiro kuko mu rubanza rwajuririwe atagabanyirijwe igihano ku mpamvu y’uko Urukiko rwasanze hari impamvu nkomezacyaha y’uko hari urundi rubanza yigeze guhamwamo n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 hanyuma akaza gufungurwa ku wa 27/04/2019 kubera imbabazi za Perezida wa Repubulika, ariko yongera gukora icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana ataramara umwaka afunguwe. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yanavugaga ko indi mpamvu ikwiriye gutuma Ruzindana François tagabanyirizwa igihano ari uko yararanzwe no kwivuguruza mu myiregurire ye kuko mu nzego z’iperereza yemeye ko yasambanyije U. azi neza ko ari umwana, naho imbere y’Urukiko akavuga ko bari bumvikanye. [14] Ageze amu iburanisha ariko, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yabwiye Urukiko ko ahinduye ibyo yari yavuze mu myanzuro yarushyikirije, asobanura ko mu gihe hataboneka urubanza rugaragaza ko Ruzindana François yigeze guhanirwa icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nk’uko byavuzwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe bikanashingirwaho ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20, yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha kandi bikaba bigaragara ko mu kiko zabanje atagabanyirijwe igihano kuko n’ubundi icyaha yahamijwe gihanishwa igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka 20 na 25. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 Ruzindana François yahanishijwe kubera icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko gishobora kongera kugabanywa. [16] Mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be (mu bika bya 252- 254), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire

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rwasobanuye ko iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo (……), cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cya ngwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. Uyu murongo kandi wakomeje gukurikizwa mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka gucibwa harimo urubanza RPAA 01400/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 23/10/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirayezu Aimable (igika cya 33). [17] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Ruzindana François nawe nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano, agasaba ko igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yahanishijwe kigabanywa kikagezwa ku myaka 10. Hashingiwe ku murongo wagaragajwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, Urukiko rurasuzuma uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe na Ruzindana François n’ingaruka cyagize, runasuzume niba igihano yahanishijwe gishobora kugabanywa, kigereranyijwe n’ibyatanzwe mu zindi manza zijya gusa n’urwe. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu manza rwaciye ku bibazo bijya gusa n’iki, aho abaregwa baregeje imyaka 30 y’amavuko bahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya abana bari mu kigero cy’imyaka y’amavuko kiri hagati ya 16 na 17, baragiye bahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo kirimunsi y’imyaka 20 Ruzindana François yahanishijwe. Mu ziherutse gucibwa harimo urubanza RPAA 00094/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/03/2025, aho Makuza Amudu wakoze icyaha afite imyaka irenga 30 y’amavuko, agasambanya umwana wari ufite imyaka 16 y’amavuko, Urukiko rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi rwamugabanyirije igihano maze ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 16. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Ruzindana François nawe yarakoze icyaha aregwa afite imyaka irenga 30 y’amavuko, asambanya umwana wari ufite imyaka 17 y’amavuko, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi kuko nta rundi rubanza rwagaragajwe yaba yarahamijwemo icyaha, ndetse akaba yaraburanye acyemera; bityo rero nawe akaba akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 16. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ruzindana François bufite ishingiro. [21] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00289/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 13/01/2025 ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano. [22] Rwemeje ko Ruzindana François ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16). [23] Rutegetse ko Ruzindana François asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.