UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RUZINDANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RUZINDANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00419/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RUZINDANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00419/2024/CA (Rukundakuvuga P.J.) 21 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Imirongo mu manza – Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe, icyo gihe hashingirwa ku ngingo y’itegeko ryayihinduye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye Ruzindana ku cyaha cyo gucuruza no kunywa urumogi nyuma yuko hakozwe "operation" mu rwego rwo kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, hashingiwe ku makuru bahawe n’abaturage. Muri iyo gahunda, mu nzu Ruzindana yabanagamo n’uwitwa Ngiruwonsanga, bahasanze ½ kg cy’urumogi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Uregwa ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso simusiga, kandi ko urumogi rwafashwe rwari urwa Ngiruwonsanga babanaga, bigeze igihe cy’iburanisha, yemeye icyaha, asobanura aho yakuye urumogi n’uburyo yarucuruzaga, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza ntirwaha agaciro ukwemera icyaha kwe kuko kwakozwe gukererewe. Ariko, rushingiye ku murongo uvuga ko nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa, hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), kuri iyo zahabu rutegeka ko yishyura amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw); naho 4.500.000 Frw arasubikwa mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe (1). Uregwa nanone yajuririye Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, ko hari impamvu zari gushingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, kandi ko ibi bishoboka hakurikijwe ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe, asaba kandi kugabanyirizwa igihano kikanasubikwa kubera uburwayi afite. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) irimo miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana atanu (4.500.000 Frw) asubitse mu gihe cy’umwaka yahanishijwe ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe, icyo gihe hashingirwa ku ngingo y’itegeko ryayihinduye. Amategeko yashingiwe: Ingingo ya 2 y'Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023. Ubushinjacyaha vs. Bimenyimana, RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022.

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Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 10/06/2020, mu Mudugudu wa Kabusunzu, Akagari ka Nyagahinga, Umurenge wa Rwamiko, Akarere ka Gicumbi, Intara y’Amajyaruguru, abapolisi bafatanyije n’inzego z’ibanze bakoze "operation" mu rwego rwo kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, hashingiwe ku makuru bahawe n’abaturage. Muri iyo gahunda, mu nzu Ruzindana Jean de Dieu yabanagamo na Ngiruwonsanga Isdor, bahasanze ½ kg cy’urumogi mu gasorori. Ruzindana Jean de Dieu yashyikirijwe inzego z’iperereza, maze iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza no kunywa urumogi. Ruzindana Jean de Dieu yaburanye ahakana icyaha. [2] Mu rubanza NºRP 00492/2020/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 22/04/2021, Urukiko rushingiye ku buhamya bwa Mukakamari (nyina wa Ruzindana Jean de Dieu), Niyibizi Lambert, Bayizere, na Bikorimana, bose bemeza ko yari asanzwe anywa kandi agacuruza urumogi, no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira, rwahamije Ruzindana Jean de Dieu icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. [3] Ruzindana Jean de Dieu yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso simusiga, kandi ko urumogi rwafashwe rwari urwa Ngiruwonsanga Isdor babanaga, wafashwe akaza kurekurwa. Mu gihe cy’iburanisha, yemeye icyaha, asobanura aho yakuye urumogi n’uburyo yarucuruzaga, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [4] Mu rubanza NºRPA 00732/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 22/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru ntirwahaye agaciro ukwemera icyaha kwe kuko kwakozwe gukererewe. Ariko, rushingiye ku murongo uvuga ko nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa, hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, rwagabanyirije Ruzindana Jean de Dieu igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Ku bijyanye n’ihazabu rutegeka ko yishyura amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw); naho 4.500.000 Frw arasubikwa mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe (1). [5] RUZINDANA Jean de Dieu yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwe ruhabwa NºRPAA 00364/2024/CA. Iburanisha mu ruhame ryashyizwe ku wa 13 Mutarama 2025, uwo munsi ugeze RUZINDANA Jean de Dieu yitaba yunganiwe na Me MUKWENDE MILIMO Olivier, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na UWIZEYE Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [6] Mu bujurire bwe RUZINDANA Jean de Dieu avuga ko nta cyabuza Umucamanza gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igiteganywa n’itegeko, maze asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, akanagisubikirwa kubera uburwayi afite. [7] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igihano yahawe ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha cyamuhamye, bityo ko kidakwiye kongera kugabanywa. [8] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasuzuma niba RUZINDANA Jean de Dieu ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA a. Kumenya niba RUZINDANA Jean de Dieu ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano..

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[9] RUZINDANA Jean de Dieu avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kikanasubikwa kubera uburwayi afite. Anenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru kuba rwarashyize umupaka ku gihano, nyamara hari impamvu zari gushingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Ahamya ko ibi bishoboka, ashingiye ku rubanza nºRPAA 00132/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 15/07/2022, aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko rushobora kugabanya igihano hakurikijwe ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yafatanwe. Yongeraho ko ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe (½ kg cy’urumogi) nta ngaruka mbi byari byateje kuko byafashwe mbere y’uko bigurishwa. [10] Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, umwunganira, avuga ko igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, aricyo gihano gito gishoboka cyateganyirijwe icyaha yahamijwe, abwira Urukiko ko ibindi rwazabisuzuma. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa RUZINDANA Jean de Dieu nta shingiro bufite ashingiye ku ngingo ya 2, agace (a) na (d) y’itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/20231, yemeza ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) irimo miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana atanu (4.500.000 Frw) asubitse mu gihe cy’umwaka yahanishijwe ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe; bityo kikaba kidakwiye guhindurwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku rubanza nº RPAA 00132/2021/CA, RUZINDANA Jean de Dieu aburanisha, rwaciwe ku wa 15/07/2022, rukamugabanyiriza igihano kikajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) irimo miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana atanu (4.500.000 Frw) asubitse, yahanishijwe. [13] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kugabanya igihano, Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 602 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na TWAGIRUMUKIZA Innocent Réponse. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul3, rwemeje ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa4. [14] Urubanza Ruzindana Jean de Dieu asaba ko rwashingirwaho rwaciwe ku wa 15/07/2022 mbere y’uko itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange risohoka. Nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, urwo rubanza rukaba rudashobora gushingirwamo agabanyirizwa igihano.

1 Iyi ngingo iteganya ko igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha. 2 Iyi ngingo yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya igihano. Icyakoza urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’urukiko rw’ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye zisobanura ko uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano buteganyijwe muri iyo ngingo bunyuranye n’amahame y’ubutabera buboneye n’ubwingenge bw’umucamanza kuko idatanga ubwinyagamburiro buhagije bufasha umucamanza guhuza uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka zacyo n’igihano. 3 Uru rubanza mu gika cyarwo cya 26 rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’uko Umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. 4 Ibi byasobanuwe mu gika cya 17-18 by’urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na TWAGIRUMUKIZA Innocent Réponse.

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[15] Hakurikijwe ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agace kayo (a, d)5, icyaha Ruzindana Jean de Dieu yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge cyateganyirijwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ari hejuru ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20,000,000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30,000,000 FRW)6, kikaba kidashobora kugabanywa ngo kijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu. [16] Uru Rukiko rurasanga rero nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kugabanyiriza Ruzindana Jean de Dieu igihano rukagarukira ku gifungo cy'imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Naho ku bijyanye no gusubikirwa igice cy’igihano cy’iryo hazabu, rugategeka ko yishyura amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) gusa; naho 4.500.000 Frw agasubikwa mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe (1), uru Rukiko rusanga Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze amakosa kuko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 64 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/20187 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ihazabu rishoboragusubikwa gusa iyo igihano cy’igifungo uregwa yakatiwe kitarengeje imyaka itanu. [17] Kuba rero Urukiko Rukuru rwarasubitse igihano cy’ihazabu rwaciye Ruzindana Jean de Dieu ni ikosa kuko rwari rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu, ni ukuvuga kirenze imyaka itanu. Icyakora kuko Ubushinjacyaha butajuririye ibijyanye n’icyo gihano cy’ihazabu, uru Rukiko rusanga rudashobora guhindura icyo gihano yari yahawe mu Rukiko Rukuru kuko rudashobora kongera igihano uregwa yari yagenewe mu rwego rubanza iyo yajuriye wenyine8. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [18] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ruzindana Jean de Dieu nta shingiro bufite; [19] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza NºRPA 00732/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’urukiko Rukuru ku wa 22/05/2024, idahindutse; [20] Rutegetse ko Ruzindana Jean de Dieu asonewe gutanga amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

5 Iyi ngingo iteganya ko igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 15. Naho igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. 6 Reba ingingo ya 11 y'itegeko no 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura ingingo ya 263 y'itegeko no 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange. 7 Iyi ngingo iteganya ko Ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ihinduwe ku buryo bukurikira: (1) « Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko, rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5. 8 Ibi biteganywa mu ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha