UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RWAKUNDA N’ABANDI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RWAKUNDA N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-05-05 - Case/document no.: RPAA/ECON 00001/2022/CA - CMB RPAA /ECON 00002/2022/CA - CMB RPAA /ECON 00004/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RWAKUNDA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA/ECON 00001/2022/CA - CMB RPAA /ECON 00002/2022/CA - CMB RPAA /ECON 00004/2022/CA (Kanyange, P.J., Rugabirwa na ukamurenzi J.) 05 Gicurasi 2023] Itegeko rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko – ubujurire bwa kabiri – Itegeko ritariho – Itegeko ritariho ni Itegeko ritagikoreshwa (loi abrogée/ replealed law) cyangwa Itegeko ritaratangira gukoreshwa (loi non encore en vigueur/ law not yet in force), cyangwa se itegeko ritigeze ribaho (qui n’a jamais existé/ a law that never existed). Bityo, ishingiro ry’ububasha bw’Urukiko ku bujurire bwa kabiri rireberwa mu ikoresha mu rubanza rujuririrwa ry’Itegeko ryavanweho, ritaratangira gukoreshwa cyangwa ritarabaho. Itegeko rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko – ubujurire bwa kabiri – Itegeko ritariho – Gukoresha itegeko nabi ntibyafatwa kimwe no gushingira ku itegeko ritariho, ahubwo ni inenge irebana n’imikirize y’urubanza yasuzumwa mu iburanisha. Itegeko rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko – ubujurire bwa kabiri – kwakira ikirego cy’ubujurire – Icyemezo ku iyakira ry’ubujurire ntigitanga umurongo ushingirwaho mu icibwa ry’urubanza kuko kiba gishobora guhindurwa n’inteko iburanisha urubanza mu mizi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye, Rwakunda na Serubibi icyaha cyo kuba icyitso ku cyaha cyo gukoresha nabi umutungo ufitiye rubanda akamaro, icyaha cyo kuba icyitso ku cyaha cyo gutanga isoko rya Leta mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko utubahiriza ihame ryo kuzigamira Leta n’iryo gukorera mu mucyo mu itangwa ry’amasoko ya Leta bigateza Leta igihombo, icyaha cyo Kugira akagambane n’upiganirwa isoko rya Leta, bukurikirana Rusizana ku cyaha cyo Kuba icyitso ku cyaha cyo gukoresha nabi umutungo ufitiye rubanda akamaro, icyaha cyo Kuba icyitso ku cyaha cyo kugira akagambane n’upiganirwa isoko rya Leta, Bwakurikiranye kandi A & P Ltd, ihagarariwe n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wayo Rusizana ku cyaha cyo Kuba icyitso ku cyaha cyo gukoresha nabi umutungo ufitiye rubanda akamaro,n’icyaha cyo kuba icyitso ku cyaha cyo kugira akagambane n’upiganirwa isoko rya Leta. Bwabareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, Urukiko mu rubanza RP/ECON00050/2020/TGI/GSBO, rwahamije Rwakunda, Rwamuganza, Serubibi, Kabera ibyaha baregwa, ruhanisha buri wese igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 6 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 3.000.000Frw, banategekwa gufatanya gusubiza mu buryo bungana amafaranga 1.804.727.200Frw, agashyirwa mu isanduku ya Leta naho Rusizana, Munyabugingo na A&P Ltd bagirwa abere, rutegeka ko imitungo yabo itimukanwa yari yafatiriwe bayisubizwa. Rwakunda yajuririye Urukikiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhamije icyaha kubera ko yakoze inshingano zitari ize kandi atari byo; ko rwemeje ko hakoreshejwe inzira zitari zo hatangwa isoko kandi atari byo; ko yahamijwe ubufatanyacyaha ku cyaha cy’akagambane n’upiganira isoko, mu gihe uwo bafatanyije icyo cyaha yagizwe umwere; ko urukiko rwagaragaje kwivuguruza gukabije rumuhamya icyaha cyo gukoresha nabi umutungo ufitiye rubanda akamaro rumutegeka gutanga indishyi zidafite ishingiro no kuba ataragombaga gutegekwa gutanga amagarama y’Urukiko wenyine. Rwamuganza nawe yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwamuhamije icyaha cy’akagamabane mu gupiganirwa isoko rya Leta rwirengagije amategeko; rumuhamya kuba icyitso mu cyaha cyo gukoresha nabi umutungo ufitiye rubanda akamaro no kuba icyitso mu cyaha cyo gutanga isoko rya Leta mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko atubahiriza ihame ryo kuzigamira Leta n’iryo gukorera mu mucyo mu itangwa ry’amasoko ya Leta bigateza Leta igihombo nta bimenyetso, anategekwa kwishyura amafaranga kandi bitari bikwiye.

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Serubibi yajuiye avuga ko Urukiko rwabanje rwakoresheje amategeko mpanabyaha mu buryo bugenekereje ndetse ahindurirwa inyito y’icyaha, kuba rwarashingiye ku bimenyetso bidafite ishingiro, bitanahuje kamere n’ikiburanwa no kuba rwarirengagije ibimenyetso yatanze. Kabera yajurijye avuga ko Urukiko rwabanje rwemeje ko yagize uruhare mu byaha byakorewe mu isoko rya single source kandi nta yindi nama yitabiriye nyuma y’isoko rya classified tender; ko ukurikije imiterere n’imikorere y’ibyaha aregwa bitari gushoboka ko abikora. Asaba ko imitungo ye yafatiriwe yarekurwa. Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwajuriye bunenga ko Urukiko rwabanje, rwemeje ko Rusizana na Company ya A&P Ltd ari abere. Bunenga kandi ko Urukiko rwagize Munyabugingo umwere. Urukiko murubanza RPA/ECON 00062,76,63,64,78/2021/HC/KIG, rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cya Rwakunda, Rwamuganza na Serubibi Eric nta shingiro gifite, rwemeza ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cya Kabera gifite ishingiro, kuko adahamwa n’ibyaha aregwa, rwemeza ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cy’Ubushinjacyaha kuri Rusizana na company ya A&P Ltd gifite ishingiro, naho kuri Munyabugingo rwemeza ko nta shingiro gifite. Rwamuganza, Rwakunda, Serubibi Eric, Rusizana Aloys na Company A&P Ltd bajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, Ubwanditsi busanga ubujurire bwabo butagomba kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’urwo Rukiko, nyuma yo kubona icyo cyemezo, abajuriye, uretse Rwamuganza Caleb, abandi baragitakambiye, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, yemeza ko bujurire bwabo bwakirwa. Urukiko mu rubanza RPAA/ECON 00001/2022/CA - CMB RPAA /ECON 00002/2022/CA - CMB RPAA /ECON 00004/2022/CA rwemeje ubujurire bw’baregwa butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’ubujurire kuko amategeko yakoreshejwe mu rubnza rujuririrwa ariho. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Impaka zigibwa ku byerekeranye n’iyakirwa ry’ubujurire bwa kabiri ku mpamvu yuko urubanza rujuririrwa rwashingiye ku Itegeko ritariho, ntabwo ari impaka zagarukira gusa mu byemezo bifatwa mu rwego rw’ubuyobozi, ahubwo zakemurwa ababuranyi babanje guhabwa umwanya wo kuzitangaho ibisobanuro birambuye imbere y’inteko iburanisha, 2. inyandiko yo gutakamba yashyizwe muri system itangirwamo ibirego ariko uwayohereje ntakore action asabwa na system kugira ngo igere aho yari igenewe, yafatwa nk’iyageze mu Rukiko mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, ugutakamba kwe kugasuzumwa. 3. Gukoresha itegeko nabi ntibyafatwa kimwe no gushingira ku itegeko ritariho, ahubwo ni inenge irebana n’imikirize y’urubanza yasuzumwa mu iburanisha 4. Icyemezo ku iyakira ry’ubujurire ntigitanga umurongo ushingirwaho mu icibwa ry’urubanza kuko kiba gishobora guhindurwa n’inteko iburanisha urubanza mu mizi kuko ni kenshi icyemezo cyemeza ko urubanza rakirwa ariko mu iburanisha mu mizi, Urukiko rukemeza ko urwo rubanza rutakiriwe. 5.Itegeko ritariho ni Itegeko ritagikoreshwa (loi abrogée/ replealed law) cyangwa Itegeko ritaratangira gukoreshwa (loi non encore en vigueur/ law not yet in force), cyangwa se itegeko ritigeze ribaho (qui n’a jamais existé/ a law that never existed). Bityo, ishingiro ry’ububasha bw’Urukiko ku bujurire bwa kabiri rireberwa mu ikoresha mu rubanza rujuririrwa ry’Itegeko ryavanweho, ritaratangira gukoreshwa cyangwa ritarabaho. Amategeko yashingiyeho: Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, Ingingo ya 52 Imanza zifashishijwe:

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Urubanza RPAA 0096/15/CS haburana ubushinjacyaha na Mukarusanga Olive rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/208, igika cya 14 Urubanza RPAA 00045/2019/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mbanda Jean Pierre rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/07/2021, igika cya 26 Urubanza RCOMAA 00109/2022/CA, haburana UJM CONSULTANCY AND PARTNERS Ltd na Kabirigi Willy rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/3/2023, igika cya 19 urubanza RPAA 00322-00323/2022/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Renzaho Alexis & PARAGONE Mining Industry Investment CO Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/4/2023, Igika cya 27 na28 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2018, Leta y’u Rwanda ihagarariwe na Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo (MININFRA) yifuje kugura inzu mu buryo bwihariye (Classified method) yagombaga gukorerwamo na National Intelligence Security Services (NISS), yahisemo inzu iri mu kibanza UPI :1/- 2/07/01/481 ya Rusizana Aloys na Dr Gashabana Paul yanditse kuri Company yabo yitwa A&P Ltd. Hashyizweho itsinda ry’abakozi ba Leta ryahawe inshingano zo kumvikana ku biciro na ba nyir’inzu, rigizwe na Rwakunda Christian, Rwamuganza Careb, Serubibi Eric na Kabera Godfrey na ba nyir’inzu A&P Ltd bahagarariwe na Rusizana Aloys. NISS yaje kugira ibyo inenga inzu yari igiye kugurirwa bituma isoko rivanwaho, ariko abaregwa bo ntibahagarika iryo soko ryakorwaga mu ibanga, ahubwo bakomeza imishyikirano, barayigura. Muri iyo mishyikirano, abagize iryo tsinda baketsweho kutita ku nyungu bari bahagarariye kuko batagendeye ku gaciro bakorewe n’umugenagaciro ahubwo babogamira kuri ba nyir’inzu bituma bahendesha Leta. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwabaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, maze mu rubanza RP/ECON00050/2020/TGI/GSBO rwasomwe ku wa 31/03/2021, Urukiko ruhamya Rwakunda Christian, Rwamuganza Careb, Serubibi Eric, Kabera Godfrey ibyaha baregwa, ruhanisha buri wese igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 6 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 3.000.000Frw, banategekwa gufatanya gusubiza mu buryo bungana amafaranga 1.804.727.200Frw, agashyirwa mu isanduku ya Leta naho Rusizana Aloys, Munyabugingo Bonaventure na A&P Ltd bagirwa abere, rutegeka ko imitungo yabo itimukanwa yari yafatiriwe bayisubizwa. [3] Rwakunda Christian yajuririye Urukikiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwamuhamije icyaha kubera ko yakoze inshingano zitari ize kandi atari byo; ko rwemeje ko hakoreshejwe inzira zitari zo hatangwa isoko kandi atari byo; ko yahamijwe ubufatanyacyaha ku cyaha cy’akagambane n’upiganira isoko, mu gihe uwo bafatanyije icyo cyaha yagizwe umwere; ko urukiko rwagaragaje kwivuguruza gukabije rumuhamya icyaha cyo gukoresha nabi umutungo ufitiye rubanda akamaro rumutegeka gutanga indishyi zidafite ishingiro no kuba ataragombaga gutegekwa gutanga amagarama y’Urukiko wenyine. [4] Rwamuganza Caleb nawe yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwamuhamije icyaha cy’akagamabane mu gupiganirwa isoko rya Leta rwirengagije amategeko; rumuhamya kuba icyitso mu cyaha cyo gukoresha nabi umutungo ufitiye rubanda akamaro no kuba icyitso mu cyaha cyo gutanga isoko rya Leta mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko atubahiriza ihame ryo kuzigamira Leta n’iryo gukorera mu mucyo mu itangwa ry’amasoko ya Leta bigateza Leta igihombo nta bimenyetso, anategekwa kwishyura amafaranga kandi bitari bikwiye.

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[5] Serubibi Eric yajurijwe no kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwarakoresheje amategeko mpanabyaha mu buryo bugenekereje ndetse ahindurirwa inyito y’icyaha, kuba rwarashingiye ku bimenyetso bidafite ishingiro, bitanahuje kamere n’ikiburanwa no kuba rwarirengagije ibimenyetso yatanze. [6] Kabera Godfrey yajurijwe no kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwaremeje ko yagize uruhare mu byaha byakorewe mu isoko rya single source kandi nta yindi nama yitabiriye nyuma y’isoko rya classified tender ; ko ukurikije imiterere n’imikorere y’ibyaha aregwa bitari gushoboka ko abikora. Asaba ko imitungo ye yafatiriwe yarekurwa. [7] Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwajuriye bunenga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwemeje ko Rusizana Aloys na Company ya A&P Ltd ari abere ku byaha bakurikiranweho ngo kubera gushidikanya ku bimenyetso bwatanze n’uko hatagaragajwe uburyo bafashije abakozi ba Leta gukoresha nabi umutungo wayo. Kuri Munyabugingo Bonaventure, Ubushinjacyaha bwanenze ko yagizwe umwere ku byaha akurikiranweho ngo kuko nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byagaragajwe. [8] Mu rubanza RPA/ECON 00062,76,63,64,78/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 7/6/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cya Rwakunda Christian, Rwamuganza Caleb na Serubibi Eric nta shingiro gifite, rwemeza ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cya Kabera Godfrey gifite ishingiro, kuko adahamwa n’ibyaha aregwa, rwemeza ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cy’Ubushinjacyaha kuri Rusizana Aloys na company ya A&P Ltd gifite ishingiro, naho kuri Munyabugingo Bonaventure rwemeza ko nta shingiro gifite; rwemeza ko Rusizana Aloys na company ya A&P Ltd bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugira akagambane n’upiganirwa isoko rya Leta, ko imikirize y’urubanza RP/ECON 00050/2020/TGI/GSBO ihindutse gusa ku byerekeranye na Kabera Godfrey wagizwe umwere, Rusizana Aloys wahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka itandatu (6) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 3.000.000Frw na Company ya A&P Ltd yahanishijwe kwishyura ihazabu y’amafaranga 3.000.000Frw, inategekwa gusubiza mu isanduku ya Leta amafaranga yongerewe ku giciro yishyuwe angana n’amafaranga 1,804,727,000Frw. [9] Rwamuganza Caleb, Rwakunda Christian, Serubibi Eric, Rusizana Aloys na Company A&P Ltd bajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, Ubwanditsi busanga ubujurire bwabo butagomba kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko, nyuma yo kubona icyo cyemezo, abajuriye, uretse Rwamuganza Caleb, abandi baragitakambiye, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, nyuma yo gusuzuma itakamba ryabo, asanga impaka zigibwa ku byerekeranye n’iyakirwa ry’ubujurire bwabo aho bavuga ko mu icibwa ry’urubanza bajuririra hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho atari impaka zagarukira gusa mu byemezo bifatwa mu rwego rw’ubuyobozi, ahubwo ibyiza ari uko zakemurwa impande zombi (Ubushinjacyaha ndetse n’uruhande ruregwa) zibanje guhabwa umwanya wo kuzitangaho ibisobanuro birambuye imbere y’inteko iburanisha, ikabifataho icyemezo, ikanabitangaho umurongo uzamurikira n’abandi bazagira impaka nk’izi, mbere y’uko yinjira mu mizi y’urubanza. Kuri Serubibi Eric hakiyongeraho ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikirego cyashyizwe muri system ariko ucyohereza ntakore action yagombaga gutuma kigera ku Rukiko cyafatwa nk’icyageze aho cyari kigenewe. [10] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 08/03/2023, ababuranyi bose bitabye, Rwakunda Christian yunganiwe na Me Rukangira Emmanuel na Me Rwambari Shankuru, Serubibi Eric yunganiwe na Me Kayijuka Ngabo, Rusizana Aloys na A& P Ltd bunganiwe na Me Gatera Gashabana, Me Kayijuka Ngabo na Me Murekatete Henriette, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habarurema Jean Pierre, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [11] Muri iryo buranisha habanje gusuzumwa ikibazo kirebana no gutakamba kwa Serubibi Eric, cyo kumenya niba inyandiko ye yo gutakamba yashyizwe muri system ariko uwayohereje ntakore action asabwa na system kugira ngo igere aho yari igenewe, yafatwa nk’iyageze mu Rukiko mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko. Mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi rwasomwe ku wa 24/03/2023, Urukiko rwasanze kuba

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inyandiko ya Serubibi Eric yo gutakamba yarashyizwe muri system mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, uko gutakamba kugomba gusuzumwa. [12] Urubanza rwasubukuwe ku wa 11/04/2023, abajuriye basaba ko ubujurire bwabo bwakwakirwa kubera ko bahamijwe ibyaha hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko zitakiriho, no kuba barahanishijwe ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO Kumenya niba mu icibwa ry’urubanza rujuririrwa harashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho no kumenya niba rwaratanzwemo ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko Imiburanire ya RWAKUNDA Christian n’Ubushinjacyaha [13] Rwakunda Christian yunganiwe na Me Rukangira Emmanuel na Me Rwambari Shankuru bavuga ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bakoze bwakwakirwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 y’itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, igika cya kabiri agace ka 2o n’aka 3° kuko mu rubanza bajuririra hatanzwemo ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko, hanashingirwa ku itegeko ritariho. Basobanura ko mu guca urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 189, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N°62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta kandi igihe iryo Tegeko ryatangarijwe, ibikorwa bivugwa ko bigize icyaha aregwa bijyanye n’imishyikirano yo kugura inzu ya A&P Ltd mu buryo bwihariye (classified method) yagombaga gukorerwamo na National Intelligence Security Services (NISS) byari byararangiye ku italiki ya 18/05/2018, ubwo yakurwaga mu kanama kateguraga iryo soko. [14] Bakomeza basobanura ko iryo Tegeko ryashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru ryafatwa nk’aho ritari ririho cyangwa se ryakoreshejwe nabi kuko mu kwerekana ko hari ibikorwa yakoze nyuma y’aho ritangarijwe mu Igazeti ya Leta, hashingiwe kuri email yoherereje Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Rwanda housing Authority ((RHA) no ku buhamya bw’abakozi bayo kandi muri iyo email nta bitekerezo bye bwite byari birimo, ko ahubwo rwari gushingira ku Itegeko N°05/2013 ryo ku wa 13/02/2013 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko N°12/2007 ryo ku wa 27/03/2007 rigenga Amasoko ya Leta, kuko ubwo imishyikirano yo kugura iyo nzu yabaga ari ryo ryakurikizwaga. [15] Bavuga na none ko Urukiko Rukuru rwatanze ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko kuko rwamuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itandatu (6) rushingiye ku Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta nyuma y’igihe bavuga icyaha aregwa cyabereye, ko uretse ko we nta cyaha yakoze, ariko asanga nabwo haragombaga gushingirwa ku Itegeko Ngenga N° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakoreshwaga igihe ibyo bikorwa byabaga. [16] Basoza bavuga ko impamvu bavuga ko ayo mategeko yo 2018 yafatwa nk’aho atariho ari uko yashingiweho kandi ibikorwa aregwa byarabaye mbere yayo, bikaba binyuranyije n’ihame ryo kudasubira inyuma kw’amategeko (principe de la non- rétroactivité des lois), ko ibyo babishingira ku rubanza RPAA 0096/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2018 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukarusanga Olive, icyemezo no RP018/EXEM/12/CS cy’Umucamanza w’ibanzirizasuzuma w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga cyo ku wa 09/07/2014 ku iyakira ry’ubujurire bw’urubanza RP00272/12/HC/KIG rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Kalisa Innocent na Kabera Védaste, ndetse no ku cyemezo no 00008/PRES/CA/2019/PEN cyo ku wa 08/10/2019 ku itakamba rya Mbanda Jean Pierre ku iyakirwa ry’ikirego kigamije kujuririra urubanza RPA00701/2016/HC/KIG – RPA00724/2016/HC/KIG, bavuga byafasha Urukiko mu gusuzuma iyakira ry’ubujurire bwabo.

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[17] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Rwakunda Christian butagomba kwakirwa ngo busuzumwe kuko bunyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2 agace ka 2 n’aka 3 y’Itegeko Nº30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko kubera ko icyaha cyo kugira akagambane n’upiganirwa isoko rya Leta aregwa, cyatangiye mu kwezi kwa 5/2018, gikomeza gukorwa kugeza ku wa 20/8/2018 ubwo yohererezaga Serubibi Eric umushinga w’amasezerano (draft agreement) kugira ngo ushyirwe mu bikorwa maze ku wa 12/10/2018 hakorwa icyiswe imishyikirano, abari bayirimo basabwa kutagira icyo bahindura ku byemejwe mbere mu kwezi kwa 5/2018, icyaha gitsotsobwa neza ku wa 02/11/2018 ubwo ayo masezerano yo kugura inzu ya A&P Ltd yashyirwagaho umukono, ko rero igikorwa cya nyuma cyakozwe Itegeko N°62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta ryarasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta yo ku wa 7/09/2018; bityo ko ibyo avuga ko ibyo yagizemo uruhare byahagarariye mu kwezi kwa 5/2018 atari ukuri kuko uruhare rwe rwakomeje kugaragara mu nzira zose z’itangwa ry’iryo soko. [18] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga kandi ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa nta gihano kidateganyijwe n’amategeko cyatanzwemo kuko mu byaha Rwakunda Christian aregwa birimo akagambane byatangiye mu kwezi kwa 5/2018 hakoreshwa Itegeko Ngenga rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana cyo mu 2012, birakomeza kugera amasezerano asinywe ari Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rikurikizwa, ko kuba ryarashingiweho mu gutanga igihano ntaho bahera bavuga ko ritariho. Imiburanire ya SERUBIBI Eric n’Ubushinjacyaha [19] Serubibi Eric yunganiwe na Me Kayijuka Ngabo bavuga ko basaba uru Rukiko kwakira ubujurire bwe kuko mu icibwa ry’urubanza RPA/ECON 00062,76,63, 64,78/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 7/6/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku mategeko atariho cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko zitakiriho. Basobanura ko yaregwaga ibyaha bitatu: icyaha cyo gukoresha nabi umutungo ufitiye rubanda akamaro giteganywa kandi kigahanishwa n’ingingo ya 12 y’Itegeko No 54/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 ryerekeye kurwanya Ruswa; gutanga isoko rya Leta mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko utubahiriza ihame ryo kuzigamira Leta n’iryo gukorera mu mucyo mu itangwa ry’amasoko ya Leta bigateza Leta igihombo, icyaha giteganywa kandi kigahanishwa n’ingingo ya 188 agace kayo ka 11 y’Itegeko No 62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta no kugira akagambane n’upiganirwa isoko rya Leta, icyaha giteganywa kandi kigahanishwa n’ingingo ya 189 y’Itegeko N° 62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta, ko amategeko yombi Urukiko Rukuru rwayashingiyeho rumuhamya ibyo byaha kandi ibikorwa bigize ibyo byaha akurikiranweho byarakozwe ku matariki ya 9, 17 na 18 Gicurasi 2018 ataratangazwa mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. Banavuga ko ibirebana n’amasoko akozwe mu ibanga (classified tender) nta tegeko riteganya uko atangwa, ko urukiko rwarifashe nk’isoko risanzwe bituma hakoreshwa itegeko ritariho. [20] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko bimwe mu bikorwa Serubibi Eric akurikiranweho byakozwe mu kwezi kwa 5/2018 ariko ntibyahagarara, birakomeza bigeza ku itariki 12/10/2018 ubwo yahatiraga abakozi yari yashyize mu itsinda rigomba gukora negociations ryo mu kigo RHA yayoboraga kutagira icyo bahindura ku myanzuro yafashwe mu kwezi kwa 5/2018 ndetse ku wa 2/11/2022 ashyira umukono ku masezerano yo gutanga iryo soko, ko icyo gihe ayo mategeko yose bavuga yakoreshejwe mu icibwa ry’urubanza yajuririye yari yarasohotse mu igazeti ya Leta yo mu kwezi kwa 9/2018, ko rero ibyo Serubibi Eric n’umwunganizi we bagaragaza ko mu guca urubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku itegeko ritariho cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko zitakiriho nta shingiro bifite harebwe ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPAA0096/15/CS Ubushinjacyaha bwaburanaga na Mukarusanga Olive rwaciwe ku wa 18/05/2018 aho mu gika cya cumi na kane rwasobanuye icyo itegeko ritariho bivuga, ko ku bw’ibyo ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Serubibi Eric butagomba kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire.

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Imiburanire ya RUSIZANA Aloys na A&P Ltd n’Ubushinjacyaha. [21] Rusizana Aloys na A&P Ltd bunganiwe na Me Gatera Gashabana, Me Kayijuka Ngabo na Me Murekatete Henriette bavuga ko Rusizana Aloys na A&P Ltd bahamijwe ibyaha hashingiwe ku Itegeko Nº62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta kandi ibikorwa aregwa birebana n’imishyikirano ku itangwa ry’isoko byarabaye muri Gicurasi 2018 mbere y’uko ritangira gukurikizwa, ko icyo gihe ibijyanye n’itangwa ry’amasoko ya Leta byagengwaga n’Itegeko Nº 12/2007 ryo ku wa 27/03/2007 rigenga amasoko ya Leta nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe n’Itegeko Ngenga Nº12/2013/OL ryo ku wa 12/09/2013 ryerekeye imari n’umutungo bya Leta. [22] Banavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije kuba icyitso mu byaha akurikiranweho rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka 5 y’Itegeko nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mu gihe nyamara ibikorwa by’icyitso aregwa byabaye mbere y’itariki ya 27/09/2018 igihe iri tegeko ryasokeye mu igazeti ya Leta, ko rwanamuhannye rushingiye ku itegeko Nº 62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta kandi ingingo yaryo ya 2 igika cya 2 ivuga ko iryo tegeko ritareba amasoko y’ibanga (classified tender) mu gihe narwo rwemeje ko iryo soko ryari iry’ibanga, runemeza ko mu masoko ya Leta, igiciro kigenwa mu buryo budasubirwaho n’agaciro gatanzwe n’igenagaciro kandi nta tegeko ribiteganya. [23] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Rusizana Aloys na Company A&P Ltd butagomba kwakirwa ngo busuzumwe kubera ko ibikorwa baregwa byatangiye mu kwezi kwa 5/2018 ariko ntibyahagararira aho, kuko byakomeje mu kwezi kwa 10/2018 binononsorwa neza mu kwezi kwa 11/2018 ubwo hashyirwaga umukono ku masezerano yo kugura inzu ya A&P Ltd kandi aho hose Rusizana Aloys akaba yarahagaragaye aribyo bigaragaza ko hagombaga gukoreshwa Itegeko Nº62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta ryasohotse mu igazeti ya Leta ku wa 7/9/2018 ndetse n’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryasohotse mu igazeti ya Leta ku wa 27/09/2018. [24] Ku mpamvu yo kuvuga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko mu masoko ya Leta igiciro kigenwa mu buryo budasubirwaho n’agaciro gatanzwe n’igenagaciro kandi ibyo nta tegeko ribiteganya, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko icyo Urukiko Rukuru rwashatse kumvikanisha ari uko ibiganiro byose byagombaga gushingira ku magenagaciro impande zombi zari zatangiranye kuko imishyikirano ijya kuba bitari bitunguranye ahubwo buri ruhande rwari ruzi ibyo rugiyemo ari nayo mpamvu abahagarariye Leta bari bitwaje igenagaciro rya 7,530,274,798.55Frw ryakozwe na Gasabo 3D Ltd naho rwiyemezamirimo yizaniye irya 9,674,300,000Frw, ariyo ibiganiro byagombaga gukorerwaho, Urukiko rukaba rutaremeje ko byanze bikunze igiciro kigomba gutangwa ari ikiri mu igenagaciro. Uko Urukiko rubibona [25] Ingingo ya 52 y’itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, igika cya kabiri iteganya ko : “Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare iyo : (…), 2o : zatanzwemo ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko ; 3o : iyo izo manza zashingiye ku itegeko ritariho, ingingo z’amategeko zitakiriho cyangwa zaciwe n’urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha ; (…)”. Ku byerekeranye no kuba urubanza rujuririrwa rwaba rwaraciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho. [26] Ikibazo cyo kumenya icyo itegeko ritariho bivuga cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPAA0096/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 18/05/2018 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukansanga

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Olive. Muri urwo urubanza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasesenguye ibyateganywaga n’ingingo ya 28, igika cya kabiri (2), agace ka kabiri (2°), y’Itegeko Ngenga N° 03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/6/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ibiri muri iyi ngingo bikaba bisa neza n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri (2), agace ka gatatu (3°) y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 2/6/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. Rwasanze amagambo “itegeko ritariho’’ agomba kumvikana mu buryo bw’itegeko ritagikoreshwa (loi abrogée/ replealed law) cyangwa itegeko ritaratangira gukoreshwa (loi non encore en vigueur/ law not yet in force), cyangwa se itegeko ritigeze ribaho (qui n’a jamais existé/ a law that never existed), ko ibi bivuze ko ishingiro ry’ububasha muri uru Rukiko rireberwa mu ikoresha mu rubanza rujuririrwa ry’Itegeko ryavanweho, ritaratangira gukoreshwa cyangwa ritarabaho1. [27] Ibivuzwe muri uru rubanza ku byerekeranye no gushingira ku itegeko ritariho byagarutsweho kandi mu isesengura ry’urubanza RCOMAA00109/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 23/3/2023 aho uru Rukiko rushingiye ku byasobanuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru, rwagaragaje ko gushingira ku itegeko ritariho, bivuze itegeko ritagikoreshwa, cyangwa itegeko ritaratangira gukoreshwa, cyangwa se itegeko ritigeze ribaho, bigomba kureberwa muri kopi y’urubanza mu isesengura ryakozwe n’Urukiko kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo cyarwo, ko mu gihe nta tegeko ritariho rigaragara muri kopi y’urubanza rujuririrwa ntaho Urukiko rwahera ruvuga ko urwo rubanza rwashingiye ku itegeko ritariho2. [28] No mu rubanza RPAA00322-00323/2022/CA rwaciwe kuwa 26/04/2023, uru Rukiko rwongeye kubigarukaho ruvuga ko ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPAA0096/15/CS rwavuzwe haruguru byumvikanisha nta shiti ko kugira ngo ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakiriwe, urega mu bujurire agomba kugaragaza itegeko ryaba ryakoreshejwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kandi ritariho3. [29] Kuri iyi ngingo abajuriye bashingiraho basaba iyakirwa ry’ubujurire bwabo, Rwakunda Christian avuga ko mu guca urubanza hashingiwe ku ngingo 189 igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N°62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta kandi ibikorwa bavuga yaba yarakoze bigize ibyaha aregwa byarahagaze ku itariki ya 18/5/2018 ari naho imishyikirano irebana na classified method yarangiye, iryo tegeko ritaratangazwa, ko ryanakoreshejwe nabi kuko ibikorwa byitwa ko yagizemo uruhare byakozwe nyuma mu gihe iryo tegeko ryari rifite agaciro byarebanaga n’isoko rya single source atagizemo uruhare. Serubibi Eric we avuga ko amategeko yashingiweho kandi atari ariho igihe ibyaha aregwa byakorwaga ku itariki ya 9,17 na 18 Gicurasi 2018, ari Itegeko N°62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta n’Itegeko No 54/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 ryerekeye kurwanya Ruswa yatangiye kujya mu bikorwa ku wa 07/9/2018 no ku wa 20/09/2018. Rusizana Aloys na A&P Ltd bakavuga ko Itegeko N°62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta n’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yakoreshejwe atariho igihe ibikorwa bigize ibyaha baregwabyakorwaga. [30] Nk’uko bigaragara mu myanzuro yabo ndetse no mu bisobanuro batanze mu iburanisha ry’urubanza, icyo abajuriye bashingiraho bavuga ko ayo mategeko yashingiweho atariho ni uko bavuga ko ibikorwa bakurikiranweho byabaye mbere y’uko atangira gukurizwa. Ibi ariko bikaba ntaho bihuriye n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru kuko, uko iyo ngingo igomba kumvikana nk’uko byasesenguwe mu manza zavuzwe haruguru, itegeko ritariho bivuze itegeko ryashingiweho mu icibwa ry’urubanza kandi ritagikoreshwa, cyangwa ritaratangira gukoreshwa, cyangwa se ritarigeze ribaho. Kuba rero abajuriye batagaragaza itegeko ryaba ryarashingiweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa kandi ritariho, ahubwo bikagaragara ko amategeko bavuga ko

1 Reba igika cya 14 cy’urubanza RPAA 0096/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/208, haburana ubushinjacyaha na MUKARUSANGA Olive 2 Reba igika cya 19 rubanza n° RCOMAA 00109/2022/CA raciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/3/2023 haburana UJM CONSULTANCY AND PARTNERS Ltd na KABIRIGI Willy. 3 Reba igika cya 27 na28 by’ urubanza n° RPAA 00322-00323/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/4/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na RENZAHO Alexis & PARAGONE Mining Industry Investment CO Ltd.

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yashingiweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa yose yariho kuko n’ubu akurikizwa, ubujurire bwabo bukaba budahura n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri, agace ka gatatu, y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. [31] Urukiko Rusanga ibyo Rwakunda Christian n’abamwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire bwe bwa kwakirwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’umucamanza w’ibanzirizasuzuma RP 018/PRE-EX/14/CS cyo ku wa 09/07/2014 cyakiriye ubujurire bwa Kalisa Innocent na Kabera Vedaste kubera amategeko yakoreshejwe nabi byatumye abaregwa bahabwa ibihano batagombaga guhabwa, bakabihuza n’uru rubanza bajuririra bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutacukumbuye ibyo rushingiraho rukavuga ko hari ibikorwa Rwakunda Christian yakoze nyuma y’itariki ya 18/05/2018 kandi atari byo, bigatuma Urukiko rukoresha itegeko nabi aho gushingira ku Itegeko N°05/2013 ryo ku wa 13/02/2013 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko N°12/2007 ryo ku wa 27/03/2007 rigenga Amasoko ya Leta, nabyo nta shingiro bifite kuko gukoresha itegeko nabi bitafatwa kimwe no gushingira ku itegeko ritariho; ahubwo yaba inenge irebana n’imikirize y’urubanza yasuzumwa mu gihe urubanza rwaba ruri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko ariko ntibyakwitiranywa no gushingira ku itegeko ritariko rivugwa mu ngigo ya 52 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. Rusanga na none mu rubanza RPAA00045/2019/CA, uru Rukiko rwarasanze rutashingira kuri icyo cyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma mu gihe ibyashingiweho mu kwakira urubanza bitandukanye n’impamvu zituma ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakirwa4 . Ku byerekeranye no kuba mu rubanza rujuririrwa haba haratanzwemo ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko. [32] Urukiko rusesenguye ibiteganywa n’agace ka 2 k’ingingo ya 52 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryavuzwe, rusanga byitwa gutanga ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko iyo mu icibwa ry’urubanza hatanzwemo igihano kidafite itegeko rigiteganya. [33] Urukiko rusanga Rwakunda Christian n’abamwunganira bashingira kuri aka gace k’itegeko bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwamuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itandatu (6) rushingiye ku Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryasohotse nyuma y’igihe bavuga yakoreye icyaha aregwa, kuko igikorwa cya nyumwa yagikoze ku itariki ya 18/05/2018, ko kuba harashingiwe kuri iryo tegeko bigaragaza ko yahawe ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko, ko basanga ahubwo hari gushingirwa ku Itegeko Ngenga N° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakoreshwaga igihe ibyo bikorwa byabaga. [34] Urukiko rusanga, nk’uko nabo babivuga, igihano cyatanzwe gifite itegeko rigiteganya ku byaha yahamijwe. Ibyo bavuga ko iryo tegeko ritari gushingirwaho mu gihe ibikorwa aregwa byakozwe mbere y’uko risohoka, ibyo ni ikibazo kirebana n’imizi y’urubanza ahasuzumwa ibikorwa bigize icyaha n’igihe byakorerewe n’itegeko ribihana, bikaba bidahuye n’impamvu ituma ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakirwa kubera gutanga mu rubanza ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko. [35] Urukiko rusanga kandi icyemezo cya Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire no 00008/PRES/CA/2019/PEN cyo ku wa 08/10/2019 ku itakamba rya Mbanda Jean Pierre, basaba ko cyashingirwaho, ntacyo cyafasha muri uru rubanza kuko n’ubwo muri icyo cyemezo ubujurire bwa Mbanda Jean Pierre bwari bwakiriwe hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 2º y’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, byageze mu iburanisha ry’urubanza RPAA00045/2019/CA, Urukiko rusanga ubujurire bwe butagomba kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko5. Bivuze ko icyemezo ku iyakira ry’ubujurire kitatanga umurongo

4 Reba igika cya 26 cy’urubanza no RPAA 00045/2019/CA Ubushinjacyaha buburana na MBANDA Jean Pierre rwaciwe ku wa 23/07/2021. 5 RPAA 00045/2019/CA Ubushinjacyaha buburana na MBANDA Jean Pierre rwaciwe ku wa 23/07/2021.

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ushingirwaho mu icibwa ry’urubanza kuko kiba gishobora guhindurwa n’inteko iburanisha urubanza mu mizi. [36] Urukiko rusanga ibyo Rusizana Aloys, A&P n’ababunganira bavuga ko bahanwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko No 62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta kandi ingingo yaryo ya 2 igika cya 2 ivuga ko iri Tegeko ritareba amasoko y’ibanga (classified tender) n’Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwaremeje ko ryari isoko ry’ibanga, bivuze ko hatanzwe ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko, bidahura n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 agace ka 2 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryavuzwe, kuko nabo ubwabo bemeza ko hari itegeko ryashingiweho mu icabwa ry’urubanza rujuririrwa, kuba batemera Itegeko ryashingiweho bikaba atari impamvu yatuma ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakirwa. [37] Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 agace ka 2 n’aka 3 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryavuzwe no ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko rusanga ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Rwakunda Christian, ubwa Serubibi Eric n’ubwa Rusizana Aloys n’ubwa A&P butari mu bubashwa bw’uru Rukiko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [38] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Rwakunda Christian, ubwa Serubibi Eric n’ubwa Rusizana Aloys n’ubwa A&P butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. [39] Rwemeje ko amagarama yatanzwe na Rwakunda Christian, Rusizana Aloys na A&P ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza, naho Serubibi Eric akaba asonewe kuyatanga kuko yaburanye afunze.