RWANDEKEYE v. ULTIMATE FORESTS COMPANY Ltd

# RWANDEKEYE v. ULTIMATE FORESTS COMPANY Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC00004/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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RWANDEKEYE v. ULTIMATE FORESTS COMPANY Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RSOC00004/2022/CA (Mukamurenzi P.J.) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo – Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo kubera impamvu z’ubukungu – Umukoresha washeshe amasezerano y’umurimo ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, ntategetswe ku bitangira ibimenyetso bihagije haba mu gihe cyo kubimenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo ndetse n’imbere y’urukiko, icyo asabwa ni ukugaragaza ko yubahirije inzira n’imihango iteganywa n’itegeko mu gukora urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa no kubaha ibyo amategeko abemerera. Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Iseswa ry’masezerano y’umurimo ku mpamvu z’ubukungu – Kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo – Umukoresha usheshe amasezerano y’umurimo kubera impamvu z’ubukungu, amenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo wo mu ifasi akoreramo urutonde rw’abakozi basezererwa, iyo atabikoze muri ubwo buryo, bifatwa nko gusesa amasezerano y’umuriimo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, akabitangira indishyi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Rwandekeye wari umukozi wa New Forest Company Ltd yareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba kwemeza ko yirukanywe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kuko ibibazo by’ubukungu byashingiweho asezererwa ntabyari bihari, ahubwo bashakaga kumwigizayo kubera umwanya yari agiye kubona. New Forest Company, umukoresha w’Urega, ivuga ko ari isosiyete ikora ubucuruzi bw’amakara no gutunganya ibiti by’amapoto y’amashanyarazi ariko ubucuruzi bwaje guhagarara kubera ko ari amakara ndetse n’amapoto bitari bikigurwa. Ivuga ko yagize ibibazo by’ubukungu, byatumye bagabanya abakozi barimo na Rwandekeye bakamenyeshwa ibyo bibazo mbere, ndetse urutonde rw’abakozi basezerwa rukaba rwaramenyeshejwe ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo mbere yo gusezererwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cy’Urega nta shingiro gifite kuko impamvu zashingiweho asezererwa ari impamvu zifite ishingiro. Icyo cyemezo yakijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko ibyo yasabye ko bisuzumwa mu rubanza rujuririrwa bitasuzumwe, akaba asaba ko hakongera gusuzumwa bundi bushya ibijyanye n’uko yirukanwe n’umukoresha we mu buryo bunyuranije n'amategeko, no kumutegeka kwishyura indishyi yari yasabye ku rwego rwa mbere, rukanakuraho indishyi z'igihembo cya Avocat yaciwe. Uregwa yireguye avuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko ibyo Urega asaba bitakongera gusuzumwa ahubwo ko Urukiko Rukuru rugomba kumuca indishyi zo kumushora mu manza. Mu rubanza RSOCA0214/2018/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’Urega nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rujuririrwa rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose akaba yarategetswe kwishyura indishyi Uregwa. Uru rubanza ni rwo Urega yasabye ko rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane arabyemererwa, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeza ko ruburanishwa n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Muri uru rubanza, Urega agaragaza ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku byo Urukiko Rukuru rutasuzumye cyane cyane ibijyanye n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko ku isezererwa ry’umukozi igihe habayeho impamvu z’ubukungu, kuba atarahawe integuza ndetse n’imperekeza atahise ahabwa, n’ubwo ngo yaje kuyihabwa. Uregwa we yabanje gutanga inzitizi yo kutakira iki kirego kuko Urega yareze uwo atagombaga kurega ariko ntiyahawe ishingiro, aho uru Rukiko rwashingiye ku mategeko no ku bimenyetso byatanzwe n’Urega bigaragaza ko kuba yarahinduye izina rikava kuri New Forest Company rikajya kuri Ultimate Forests Company Ltd akiri umukoresha umwe uregwa muri uru rubanza. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasuzumye ibyo bibazo, aho Urega avuga ko ibibazo by’ubukungu byashingiweho asezererwa nta byari bihari kuko umwanya yakoragaho wahise ushyirwa ku isoko.

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Akomeza avuga ko Uregwa yamenyesheje umugenzuzi w’umurimo wo mu Karere ka Nyanza, urutonde rw’abakozi bagiye gusezererwa nyamara atariho afite icyicaro. Ikindi ni uko urwo rutonde rw’abakozi rwakozwe hatagaragajwe ibyashingiweho ndetse no kuba yarahawe imperekeza nyuma yo gusezererwa nabwo ari uko atanze ikirego ku mugenzuzi w’umurimo mu karere ka Gasabo. Ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko yasezerewe ku mpamvu zidafite ishingiro. Muri urubanza rw’akarengane, Uregwa yireguye avuga ko Urega yasezerewe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko hashingiwe ku mapmvu z’ubukungu. Avuga ko hari habaye ibibazo by’ubukungu ndetse mu guhindura izina ikitwa Ultimate Forests Company, Leta yayigaragarije imikorere mibi, nyuma irayisesa. Ikindi ni uko mu masezerano y’akazi yagiranye n’Urega yarimo ko akorera ahitwa Kitabi mu ishyamaba rya Nyungwe, ariko akaba yarashoboraga no gukorera i Kigali, ndetse no kuba yaragiye ihindura icyicaro aho mbere yakoreraga mu Karere ka Nyanza, nyuma akimurira icyicaro mu Karere ka Gasabo, ubu akaba akorera mu Karere ka Nyarugenge. Asoza avuga ko imperekeza yayihawe hamwe n’ibindi biteganywa n’amategeko bihabwa umukozi usezerewe ku kazi, nkuko byemejwe mu nyandikomvugo y’umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu karere ka Gasabo ko yumvikanyweho igatangwa. Urega akandi avuga ko yirukanwe adahawe integuza, akaba abisabira indishyi kuko hanyuzemo iminsi ine gusa hagati y’umunsi yahaweho ibaruwa imumenyesha n’umunsi nyirizina amasezerano ye yarangiriye. Ikindi ni uko asaba indishyi z’akababaro kuko yirukanywe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Uregwa avuga ko yakurikije icyo amategeko ateganya aho Urega yahawe integuza hamwe n’ibyo agenerwa mu gihe amasezerano ashesheshwe kubera impamvu z’ubukungu. Asobanura kandi ko umukozi wasezerewe muri ubwo buryo adahabwa indishyi z’akababaro kuko ibyo yagombaga guhabwa nk’uko amategeko abimwemerera yabihawe byose nk’umukozi wasezerewe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umukoresha washeshe amasezerano y’umurimo ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, ntategetswe ku bitangira ibimenyetso bihagije haba mu gihe cyo kubimenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo ndetse n’imbere y’urukiko, icyo asabwa ni ukugaragaza ko yubahirije inzira n’imihango iteganywa n’itegeko mu gukora urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa no kubaha ibyo amategeko abemerera. 2. Umukoresha usheshe amasezerano y’umurimo kubera impamvu z’ubukungu, amenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo wo mu ifasi akoreramo urutonde rw’abakozi basezererwa, iyo atabikoze muri ubwo buryo, bifatwa nko gusesa amasezerano y’umuriimo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, akabitangira indishyi. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111. Itegeko N°17/2018 ryo ku wa 13/04/2018 rigenga amasosiyete, ingingo ya 42. Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 27, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 81 n’iya 143. Iteka rya Munisitiri No 07 ryo ku wa 13/07/2010 rigena uburyo bw’imikorere y’Umugenzuzi w’umurimo, ingingo ya 4. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RSOC00001/2019/SC Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Plcr waciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31 Mutarama 2020. RSOCAA0014/12/CS, Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/01/2013.

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RS/INJUST/RSOC00009/2022/CA, Uwineza Alliance na Unguka Bank Plc rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/04/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 01/12/2015, Rwandekeye Théoneste na New Forests Rwanda Ltd, bagiranye amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi, Rwandekeye akora ku mwanya w’umucungamutungo (accountant), ahembwa 1.400.000Frw buri kwezi, bigeze ku wa 21/08/2017 yahawe ibaruwa yiswe “Notice for Termination of employment Contract” imumenyesha ko amasezerano y’akazi azarangira ku wa 25/08/2017. Impamvu zashingiweho ahagarikwa ni ukuba Sosiyete yari igiye kuvugurura uburyo ubucuruzi bwayo bukorwamo, umwanya yakoragamo nawo ukaba waragombaga guhindurwa. [2] Rwandekeye Théoneste yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba kwemeza ko yasezerewe nta mpamvu yumvikana kandi mu buryo bunyuranye n’amategeko, kuko nta bibazo by’ubukungu ikigo kigeze kigira, ko ahubwo bashakaga kumwigizayo kubera umwanya yari agiye kubona. [3] Uhagarariye New Forests Rwanda Ltd yireguye avuga ko ari ikigo gikora ubucuruzi bw’amakara no gutunganya ibiti by’amapoto y’amashanyarazi, ko ubucuruzi bw’amakara bwari bwahagaze kubera ko CIMERWA, umukiriya wayo, yari yahinduye uburyo bw’imikorere, ndetse n’ibiti by’amapoto yakoraga bikaba byarasadukaga, bigatuma bitongera kugurwa. Yavuze ko nyuma y’uko ubwo bucuruzi buhagaze, icyo Kigo cyagize ibibazo by’Ubukungu birimo kutishyura imyenda yari imaze kuba myinshi muri za banki, bituma harebwa uko hagabanywa abakozi barimo Rwandekeye Théoneste. Yanavuze ko mbere yo kubasezerera babanje kubamenyesha ibibazo by’ubukungu byari mu Kigo, kandi ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ku wa 02/08/2017 New Forests Rwanda Ltd yamenyesheje Ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo urutonde rw’abakozi bagombaga kugabanywa kubera ibibazo by’ubukungu. [4] Mu rubanza RSOC00430/2017/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 29/06/2018, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko impamvu zashingiweho Rwandekeye Théoneste asezererwa zumvikana kandi zifite ishingiro, ko indishyi zo gusesa amasezerano asaba atazikwiye; rumutegeka guha New Forests Rwanda Ltd mu izina ry’umuyobozi wayo, amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cy’Avoka wayiburaniye. [5] Rwandekeye Théoneste yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutasuzumye ibyo rwasabwe gusuzuma mu mwanzuro utanga ikirego, asaba Urukiko Rukuru kongera gusuzuma bundi bushya ibijyanye n’uko yirukanywe n'umukoresha we mu buryo bunyuranije n'amategeko, no kumutegeka kwishyura indishyi yari yasabye ku rwego rwa mbere zingana na 9.550.000Frw ndetse rukanakuraho indishyi z'igihembo cya Avocat kingana na 500.000 Frw yaciwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [6] Uhagarariye New Forests Rwanda Ltd yireguye avuga ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko, nk’uko bigaragara mu isesengura ry'ibibazo bigize urubanza ku rupapuro rwa 5 igika cya 10, umucamanza yasuzumye ibyo Rwandekeye Théoneste yari yaregeye byose, ko rero hatakongera gusuzumwa ibyerekeye isezererwa rye kubera ko yasezerewe ku mpamvu z’ubukungu bw’ikigo kandi akaba atabivuguruza. Yanasabye Urukiko Rukuru getegeka Rwandekeye Théoneste gutanga indishyi kuko akomeje kuyishora mu manza.

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[7] Mu rubanza RSOCA0214/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 30/06/2020, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Rwandekeye Théoneste nta shingiro bufite, rutegeka ko imikirize y’urubanza RSOC00430/2017/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 29/07/2018, idahindutse mu ngingo zayo zose, rutegeka Rwandekeye Théoneste kwishyura New Forests Rwanda Ltd indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itanu 350.000Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza, yiyongera ku yategetswe mu rubanza rwajuririwe. [8] Rwandekeye Théoneste ntiyishimiye na none icyo cyemezo, maze yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko urubanza RSOCA0214/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/06/2020, rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, abikorera raporo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, maze mu cyemezo nimero 104/CJ/2022 cyo ku wa 28/08/2022, yemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rukazaburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Muri urwo Rukiko, urubanza rwanditswe kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC00004/2022/CA, maze nyuma y’imihango ntegurarubanza yose, iburanisha ry’urubanza rishyirwa ku wa 18/11/2024, ruburanishwa mu ruhame Rwandekeye Théoneste ahagarariwe na Me Manirafasha Jean Paul naho Ultimate Forests Company Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Byiringiro Kalisa. [9] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire ye, uburanira Rwandekeye Théoneste avuga ko impamvu basaba ko urubanza RSOCA00214/2018/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ari uko, Urukiko Rukuru rutasuzumye ibyo yaregeye, cyane ku bijyanye n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko ku isezererwa ry’umukozi igihe habayeho impamvu z’ubukungu, ndetse ntihasuzumwa ibyasabwaga ku birebana n’uko Rwandekeye Théoneste yasezerewe adahawe integuza, ndetse n’imperekeza akaba atarahise ayihabwa, kuko yayihawe ari uko aregeye Ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo, ko n’uburyo byakozwemo bitubahirije ibiteganywa n’amategeko kuko New Forests Rwanda Ltd itamenyesheje Umugenzuzi w’umurimo w’Akarere yakoreragamo ari nako karimo icyicaro gikuru cy’umukoresha we, ahubwo ijya kubimenyesha uwo mu Karere ka Nyanza kandi atariho yakoreraga. Anasaba indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko n’iz’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [10] Uhagarariye Ultimate Forests Company Ltd yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego, avuga ko kuri uru rwego Rwandekeye Théoneste yareze Ultimate Forests Company Ltd, nyamara imanza zabanje yaraziburanye na New Forests Rwanda Ltd, ko n’ubwo mu nyandiko bigaragara ko New Forests Rwanda Ltd yazunguwe na Ultimate Forests Company Ltd, ariko ibigo atari bimwe, ko kuba iyi ya nyuma itarafashe “tin number” yayo ari ikosa ryabayeho. Anavuga ko impamvu urega atanga asubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ntacyo zishingiyeho, kuko Rwandekeye Théoneste adasobanura uburyo yirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ahubwo agasobanura gusa indishyi asaba guhabwa kandi zidafite aho zishingiye. [11] Uburanira Rwandekeye Théoneste yireguye kuri iyo nzitizi avuga ko nta shingiro ifite, kuko Ultimate forests company Ltd iregwa kubera ko ariyo yasimbuye New Forests Rwanda Ltd nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyemezo cy’iyandikisha cyatanzwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru wa RDB, ndetse na “tin number” ikoresha ikaba yarahoze ari iya New Forests Rwanda Ltd, ko n’amategeko ateganya uburyo uburyozwe bwari ku mukoresha wahinduye izina cyangwa se ikigo gishya gikomeza inshingano kugeza igihe umukozi arenganuriwe.s [12] Mu iburanisha ry’urubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 421 y’Itegeko N°17/2018 ryo ku wa 13/04/2018 rigenga amasosiyete, rwafatiye icyemezo mu ntebe, rwemeza ko ibivugwa n’uhagararariye Ultimate Forests Company Ltd ko Rwandekeye Théoneste yareze uwo

1Iyo ngingo iteganya ko guhinduka kw’izina ry’isosiyete yanditswe bigira agaciro guhera ku itariki igaragara ku cyemezo cy’ihindura. Ihinduka ntirigira ingaruka ku burenganzira n’inshingano by’isosiyete, cyangwa ku byo isosiyete yaba ikurikirana imbere y’amategeko cyangwa yaba ikurikiranwaho. Ibyo isosiyete yaba yarakurikiranwagaho ku izina rya kera bishobora gukomeza kuyikurikiranwaho ku izina ryayo rishya.

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atagombaga kurega, ko uwo yagombaga kurega ari New Forests Rwanda Ltd bagiranye amasezerano nta shingiro bifite, kuko Rwandekeye yagaragaje ibaruwa yo ku wa 29/01/2024 yanditswe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru muri RDB agaragaza ko New Forests Rwanda yahinduye izina ikaba isigaye yitwa Ultimate Forests Company Ltd, bityo ko Ultimate Forests Company Ltd ariyo iregwa yonyine muri uru rubanza. [13] Iburanisha ryakomereje mu mizi y’urubanza hasuzumwa ingingo Rwandekeye Théoneste yashingiyeho asaba ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane zikubiye mu bibazo bikurikira: a) Kumenya niba amasezerano y’akazi Rwandekeye Théoneste yari afitanye na New Forests Rwanda Ltd yaraseshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; b) Kumenya niba Rwandekeye Théoneste atarahawe integuza; c) Kumenya niba Rwandekeye Théoneste yahabwa indishyi kubera kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; d) Kumenya niba indishyi z’ikurikirana rubanza n’iz’igihembo cya Avoka zisabwa n’ababuranyi zatangwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba amasezerano y’akazi Rwandekeye Théoneste yari afitanye na New Forests Rwanda Ltd yaraseshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko [14] Me Manirafasha Jean Paul uburanira Rwandekeye Théoneste, avuga ko New Forests Rwanda Ltd yamwirukanye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kuko mu kumuseserara hatubahirijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakoreshwaga igihe yasezererwaga. Asobanura ko impamvu avuga ko yasezerewe mu buryo byunyuranyije n’amategeko ari izi zikurikira: - Kuba nta kibazo cy’ubukungu New Forests Rwanda Ltd yari ifite kubera ko imibare yagaragazaga ko yungukaga, ndetse na nyuma y’ukwezi yirukanwe, umwanya yakoragamo wahise ushyirwa ku isoko, bigaragaza ko mu kumusezerera bagiraga ngo bamusimbuze undi. - Kuba haramenyeshejwe Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo wo mu Karere ka Nyanza utari mu ifasi yakoreragamo, ndetse n’umukoresha we atahafite icyicaro, aho kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo wo mu Karere ka Gasabo yakoreragamo, hari n’icyicaro cya New Forests Rwanda Ltd, cyangwa se ngo hamenyeshwe Umugenzuzi w'umurimo muri Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n'umurimo ufite ububasha ku rwego rw'igihugu nk’uko byateganwaga n’ingingo ya 143 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru n’ingingo ya 4 y’Iteka rya Munisitiri No 07 ryo ku wa 13/07/2010 rigena uburyo bw’imikorere y’Umugenzuzi w’umurimo; - Kuba hataragaragajwe ibyagendeweho mu gukora ututonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa; - Kuba, n’ubwo yahawe amafaranga y’imperekeza, ariko atayahawe akimara gusezererwa nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 81 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru, kubera ko yasezerewe ku 21/08/2017, ayihabwa ku wa 16/10/2017, nyuma y’uko atanze ikirego ku Mugenzuzi w’umurimo w’Akarere ka Gasabo. [15] Me Byiringiro Kalisa uhagarariye Ultimate Forests Company Ltd, yireguye avuga ko Rwandekeye Théoneste yasezerewe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko hashingiwe ku mpamvu z’ubukungu nk’uko biteganwa n’ingingo ya 34 y’itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakoreshwaga icyo gihe, iteganya ko umukoresha ashobora gusezerera abakozi akoresha ku mpamvu z’ubukungu cyangwa ikoranabuhanga, ko ari byo byashingiweho asezererwa hamwe n’abandi bakozi

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kubera ko hari habayeho ingorane z’ubukungu, ndetse na Leta y’u Rwanda mbere yo gusesa New Forests Company Ltd, ikaba yarayandikiye iyimenyesha ko imikorere yayo atari myiza, nyuma irayisesa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu. [16] Akomeza avuga ko ibyo uwunganira Rwandekeye Théoneste avuga ko hamenyeshejwe Umugenzuzi w’umurimo wo mu Karere ka Nyanza kandi atariho yakoreraga nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko bigaragara mu masezerano y’umurimo yabaye hagati ya Rwandekeye Théoneste na New Forests Company Ltd yagombaga gukorera ahitwa Kitabi mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe, ariko akaba yaranashoboraga no kuba yakorera muri Kigali, ko, n’ubwo nta bimenyetso afite bijyanye n’uko New Forests Rwanda Ltd yagiye yimura icyicaro, kubera ko atari we watangiye urubanza, mbere icyicaro cyayo cyari mu Karere ka Nyanza, nyuma kiza kwimukira mu Karere ka Gasabo, ubu ikaba isigaye ikorera mu Karere ka Nyarugenge. [17] Asoza avuga ko ibyo Rwandekeye Théoneste avuga ko atahawe imperekeza nta shingiro bifite kuko yahawe ibyo amategeko ateganya, nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 35, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda2, ko ku wa 16/10/2017, yahawe imperekeza ingana na 1.050.703Frw y’ukwezi kumwe k’umushahara, kuko yari amaze umwaka n’amezi umunani asinye amasezerano y’akazi, ko byongeye kandi inyandikomvugo yakozwe n’Umugenzuzi w’umurimo w’Akarere ka Gasabo, igaragaza ko imperekeza yatanzwe kandi bayumvikanyeho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [18] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba New Forests Rwanda Ltd yaraseshe amasezerano y’umurimo yari ifitanye na Rwandekeye Théoneste mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kubera ko nta kibazo cy’ubukungu yari ifite, ikaba itaranabikoze mu buryo buteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga ubwo amasezerano y’umurimo yaseswaga, ntinahite imuha amafaranga y’ imperekeza. [19] Ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakoreshwaga mu gihe Rwandekeye Théoneste yasezererwaga ku murimo iteganya ibikurikira: umukoresha ashobora gusezerera umukozi umwe cyangwa benshi bitewe no kuvugurura imikorere y’ikigo bikorwa kubera ingorane z’ubukungu cyangwa guhindura ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshwaga hagamijwe kugira ngo ikigo kirusheho gukora neza. Abakozi bagabanywa mu kigo batondekwa hakurikijwe ubushobozi ku murimo, amashuri, uburambe muri icyo kigo n’umubare w’abo atunze ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bikitabwaho uko bikurikirana. Ibyo bimenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu nyandiko. [20] Ku byerekeranye no kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo, ingingo ya 143, igika cya mbere n’icya kabiri, y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rivuzwe haruguru iteganya ko impaka rusange zivutse zigomba guhita zimenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo w’Akarere ikigo gikoreramo n’impande zifitanye ikibazo. Iyo impaka zirenze Akarere kamwe, zihita zigezwa kuri Minisitiri ufite umurimo mu nshingano ze. [21] Naho ingingo ya 4 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº07 ryo kuwa 13/07/2010 rigena uburyo bw’imikorere y’umugenzuzi w’umurimo iteganya ibikurikira: umugenzuzi w’Umurimo ku rwego rw’Igihugu afite ububasha bwo gukorera imirimo ye mu Gihugu cyose. Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo ku rwego rw’Akarere afite ububasha bwo gukorera imirimo ye mu Karere ashinzwe. Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo ku rwego rw’Akarere ashobora gukorera mu Turere turenze kamwe mu gihe gito bisabwe na Minisitiri ufite umurimo mu nshingano ze umugenera uburyo bwo kubikora.

2 Iyi ngingo iteganya ko: Umukoresha agomba guha impererekeza zo gusezererwa ku kazi cyangwa gusesa amasezerano umukozi umaze nibura amezi cumi n’abiri (12) akora nta guhagarika.

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[22] Izi ngingo zisomewe hamwe zumvikanisha ko umukoresha ashobora gusezerera umukozi umwe cyangwa benshi bitewe no kuvugurura imikorere y’ikigo bikorwa kubera ingorane z’ubukungu cyangwa guhindura uburyo bw’imikorere hagamijwe kurushaho gukora neza, kandi ko iyo hasezerewe benshi hakorwa urutonde rwabo hakurikijwe ubushobozi ku murimo, amashuri, uburambe muri icyo kigo n’umubare w’abo atunze ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bikamenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo w’akarere ikigo gikoreramo cyangwa Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo ku rwego rw’Igihugu iyo impaka zirenze akarere kamwe. [23] Ku bivugwa n’uhagarariye Rwandekeye Théoneste ko yasezerewe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ngo kuko yasezerewe kandi nta kibazo cy’ubukungu umukoresha we yari ifite, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga kuri iki ikibazo uhagarariye Ultmate Forests Company Ltd yarasobanuye ko hari ingorane z’ubukungu zaje no gutuma New Forests Rwanda Ltd iseswa; itegeko rikaba ridasaba umukoresha kubitangira ibimenyetso bifatika haba mu gihe cyo kubimenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo ndetse n’imbere y’urukiko, icyo asabwa akaba ari ukugaragaza ko yubahirije inzira n’imihango iteganywa n’itegeko mu gukora urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa no kubaha ibyo amategeko abemerera. [24] Ibyerekeranye no kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abasezerwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RSOCAA0014/12/CS rwaciwe ku wa 18/01/2013 haburana Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd, aho rwasobanuye ko gukora urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu zivugwa mu ngingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru no kurumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo atari umuhango gusa, ahubwo bikorwa kugira ngo Umugenzuzi w’umurimo agenzure neza niba urwo rutonde ari rwo rukwiye gusezererwa koko, kandi niba rwarakozwe hubahirijwe ibyo amategeko asaba3. Uyu murongo wagendeweho mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00009/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/04/2023 haburana Uwineza Alliance na Unguka Bank Plc4. [25] Muri dosiye y’uru rubanza, harimo ibaruwa yo ku wa 02/08/2017, New Forests Rwanda Ltd yandikiye Umugenzuzi w’umurimo w’Akarere ka Nyanza imumenyesha urutonde rw’abakozi 21 bakorera i Kitabi, abakorera i Nyanza n’abakorera i Kigali bagomba gusezererwa hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda bitewe n’ivugururwa ry’ibikorwa na sisitemu; urwo rutonde rugaragaza ko Rwandekeye Théoneste yakoreraga i Kigali. [26] Dosiye inagaragaza amasezerano y’umurimo yo ku wa 01/12/2015, hagati ya New Forests Rwanda Ltd ifite icyicaro gikuru i Kigali mu Rwanda na Rwandekeye Théoneste, uhawe akazi k’umubaruramari (accountant). Muri ayo masezerano bigaragara ko Rwandekeye Théoneste agomba gukorera ku Kitabi mu Nyungwe, n’uko ashobora no kwimurirwa ahandi mu Rwanda by’agateganyo cyangwa mu buryo buhoraho. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurebye ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 143 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru n’ingingo ya 4 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº07 ryo kuwa 13/07/2010 rigena uburyo bw’imikorere y’umugenzuzi w’umurimo, ndetse n’ibyasobanuwe mu murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RSOCAA0014/12/CS rwavuzwe haruguru by’uko kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo atari umuhango, rurasanga ibijyanye no kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo bitarakurikije amategeko, kubera ko ibyo gusezerera Rwandekeye Théoneste byamenyeshejwe Umugenzuzi w’umurimo w’Akarere ka Nyanza kandi atari yo fasi yakoreragamo, ndetse atari naho New Forests Rwanda Ltd ifite icyicaro gikuru. Uwo Mugenzuzi w’umurimo w’Akarere ka Nyanza akaba atari

3Reba igika cya 28 cy’urubanza RSOCAA0014/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/01/2013 haburana Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd 4Reba igika cya 31 cy’urwo rubanza.

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afite ububasha bwo gusuzuma iby’iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo ya Rwandekeye Théoneste kuko atakoreraga mu ifasi ye. [28] Urukiko rusanga ibivugwa n’uhagarariye Ultimate Forests Company Ltd ko amasezerano y’umurimo ya Rwandekeye Théoneste agaragaza ko yakoreraga ku Kitabi mu Nyungwe nta shingiro bifite, kuko, uretse n’uko nta kigaragaza ko Kitabi iri mu ifasi y’umugenzuzi w’Akarere ka Nyanza, ayo masezerano anagaragaza ko umukoresha we ashobora kumwimurira ahandi mu buryo bw’igihe gito cyangwa buhoraho, kandi igihe yaseswaga Rwandekeye Théoneste akaba yarakoreraga i Kigali nk’uko n’urutonde rw’abakozi basezerewe rubigaragaza. Naho ibyo avuga ko New Forests Rwanda Ltd yari yarimuriye icyicaro cyayo mu Karere ka Nyanza, nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko inyandiko zayo zigaragaza ko ifite icyicaro mu Mujyi wa Kigali5. [29] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero kuba urutonde rw’abakozi basezeserewe kubera impamvu z’ubukungu Rwandekeye Théoneste yari ariho rwaramenyeshejwe Umugenzuzi w’umurimo wo mu ifasi atakoreragamo, bigaragaza ko uburyo byakozwemo bitubahirije amategeko, bityo akaba yarasezerewe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. [30] Urukiko rusanga ibyo uhagarariye Rwandekeye Théoneste avuga ko kuba atarahise ahabwa imperekeza nacyo ari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko yasezerewe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko nta shingiro bifite, kuko, nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza, amasezerano y’akazi yarangiye ku itariki ya 25/08/2017, ahabwa amafaranga y’imperekeza ku itariki ya 16/10/2017 ingana n’amafaranga 1.050.703Frw angana n’umushahara yatahanaga nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 35 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda6, kuba atarahise ayihabwa ku itariki ya 25/08/2017 bikaba bitaba impamvu ishingirwaho hemezwa ko yasezerewe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kuko n’ubwo atahise ayihabwa bigaragara ko yayihawe nta rundi rwego rurayibitegeka. 2. Kumenya niba Rwandekeye Théoneste atarahawe integuza nk’uko amategeko abiteganya [31] Me Manirafasha Jean Paul uburanira Rwandekeye Théoneste, avuga ko mu rubanza RSOCA0214/2018/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane yagaragaje ko yirukanwe adahawe integuza y’ukwezi iteganywa n’amategeko kuko yahawe ibaruwa ku 21/08/2017 abwirwa ko amasezerano ye azarangira ku wa 25/08/2017 nyuma y’iminsi ine (4) ahawe integuza, ko ibyo bigaragaza ko hirengagijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo za 27, 30 na 32 z'Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ku birebana n’integuza, . [32] Uhagarariye Ultimate Forests Company Ltd avuga ko ibijyanye n’integuza Rwandekeye Théoneste avuga ko atahawe, nta shingiro bifite kuko ntaho biteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakoreshwaga icyo gihe, ko umukoresha usezereye abakozi kubera impamvu z’ubukungu abaha integuza, kuko Rwandekeye yamenyeshejwe mbere ndetse anahabwa ibyo amategeko ateganya byose nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa imumenyesha iseswa ry’amasezerano. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

5“The contract of employement between fo the New Forests Rwanda Ltd and Rwandekeye Theoneste on 1st December 2015, ibaruwa New Forests Rwanda Ltd yandikiye ECOBANK ya transfer/payment request” n’izindi. 6Iteganya ko Umukoresha agomba guha impererekeza zo gusezererwa ku kazi cyangwa gusesa amasezerano umukozi umaze nibura amezi cumi n’abiri (12) akora nta guhagarika, ko uretse ingingo z’amasezerano rusange zibereye umukozi cyangwa amasezerano yihariye y’akazi, umubare w’amafaranga y’imperekeza z’isezererwa, ntushobora kujya na rimwe munsi :1. Inshuro imwe (1) y’umushahara mpuzandengo w’ukwezi ku mukozi ufite uburambe buri munsi y’imyaka itanu (5) mu kigo; (…).

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[33] Ibijyanye n’indishyi zitangwa igihe habaye iseswa ry’amasezerano nta nteguza byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00001/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31 Mutarama 2020, haburana Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Plc, aho rwemeje ko iyo nta nteguza yatanzwe, hatangwa indishyi zihwanye n’amafarnga y’umushahara n’andi mashimwe umukozi yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza7. Uyu murongo wagendeweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00009/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/04/2023 haburana Uwineza Alliance na Unguka Bank Plc8. [34] Ku byerekeye uru rubanza, amasezerano y’umurimo Rwandekeye Théoneste yagiranye na New Forests Rwanda Ltd mu ngingo yayo ya 11, agace ka 4, yateganyaga ko amasezerano y’umurimo ashobora guseswa hatanzwe integuza y’ukwezi kumwe (1) kuri buri ruhande cyangwa se indishyi ziyisimbura9. Naho ibaruwa yo ku wa 21/08/2017 New Forests Rwanda Ltd yandikiye Rwandekeye Théoneste ikagaragaza ko yamumenyesheje ko amazerano y’umurimo ye azarangira ku wa 25/08/2017. Muri iyo baruwa akaba yaramenyeshejwe ko indishyi ahawe zo gusesa amasezerano ari ukwezi kw’integuza (one- month notice payment), kwishyurwa konje atafashe (payment in lieu of any accrued leave) n’icyemezo cy’akazi. [35] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Rwandekeye Théoneste yarahawe ibaruwa ku wa 21/08/2017, ndetse agahita amenyeshwa ko amasezerano y’umurimo azarangira kuri ku wa 25/08/2017, nyuma y’iminsi ine. Kuri iyo tariki yamenyesherejweho yanahawe sheki iriho amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri, ibihumbi ijana na makumyabiri na kimwe magana inani na mirongo ine (2.121.840Frw), bigaragaza ko yishyuwe amafaranga y’uko kwezi kw’integuza ndetse n’ay’iminsi ya konje atafashe nk’uko byari mu ibaruwa imumenyesha ko amasezerano y’umurimo aseshwe. [36] Kuba rero New Forests Rwanda Ltd itaratanze integuza y’ukwezi kose ariko igaha Rwandekeye Théoneste indishyi zihwanye n’umushahara zisimbura integuza atahawe nk’uko bigaragazwa na sheki yakiriye ku wa 21/08/2017, bihura n’ibyasobanuwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00001/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwavuzwe by’uko mu gihe nta nteguza yatanzwe, umukoresha atanga indishyi y'amafaranga angana n'umushahara. Bityo Rwandekeye Théoneste akaba atavuga ko atahawe integuza mu gihe kutayimuha yabyishyuwe mu mu mafaranga angana n’umushahara we w’ukwezi, ndetse akanishyurwa ikiruhuko cy’akazi atafashe. 3. Kumenya niba Rwandekeye Théoneste yagenerwa indishyi z’akababaro kubera kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko [37] Uhagarariye Rwandekeye Théoneste avuga ko kuba yarirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko kandi nta mpamvu, umukoresha we agomba kumuha indishyi zingana n'inshuro 6 z'umushahara ni ukuvuga 1.400.000Frw gukuba 6 zingana na 8.400.000 Frw. Yanavuze ko babara indishyi bashingiye ku mafaranga yari mu masezerano y’umurimo, ariko bemeranywa n’ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’uhagarariye Ultimate Forests Company Ltd bigaragaza ko umushahara yatahanaga ungana na 1.050.70Frw. [38] Uhagarariye Ultmate Forests Company ltd avuga ko indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo budakurikije amategeko zisabwa na Rwandekeye Théoneste nta shingiro zifite kuko nta ndishyi zihabwa umukozi wasezerewe ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, kandi ko ibyo yagombaga guhabwa nk’uko amategeko abimwemerera yabihawe byose nk’umukozi wasezerewe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko bigaragazwa n’ibimenyetso batanze, akaba rero atahabwa indishyi ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 33, y’Itegeko N° 13/2009

7Reba igika cya 32 cy’urwo rubanza. 8Reba igika cya 54 cy’urwo rubanza. 9The appointment can be terminated by giving one month notice on either side or payment in lieu or shortfall in this notice period.

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ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda kuko atirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Ingingo ya 33 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ryakoreshwaga igihe Rwandekeye Théoneste yasezererwaga ku kazi, iteganya ibikurikira: iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi rinyuranyije n’amategeko rishobora gutuma hatangwa indishyi z'akababaro. Indishyi z’akababaro zihabwa umukozi wirukanwe binyuranije n’amategeko ntizishobora kujya munsi y’umushahara w’amezi atatu (3), ariko kandi ntizishobora kurenza amezi atandatu (6). Ibi ntibibuza itangwa ry’ imperekeza umukozi yari asanzwe afiteho uburenganzira. Mu gika cya 2 cy’iyi ngingo ivuga ibikurikira: iyo umukozi afite uburambe ku kazi burenze imyaka icumi (10) ku mukoresha umwe, indishyi z’akababaro ntizishobora kurenga umushahara w’amezi icyenda (9). Ibi kandi ni ko bigenda ku bakozi bari intumwa z’abakozi n’abahagarariye sendika. [40] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, uru Rukiko rwasanze amasezerano y’akazi ya Rwandekeye Théoneste yaraseshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, bityo uwari umukoresha we akaba agomba kumuha indishyi z’akababaro ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 33 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rivuzwe haruguru. [41] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00001/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2020, haburana Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Ltd, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko amafaranga umukozi wasezerewe ahabwa ari ahwanye n’umushahara atahana mu ntoki (salaire net) aho kuba umushahara mbumbe10. [42] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu ngingo ya 6 y’amasezerano y’umurimo yakozwe hagati ya Rwandekeye Théoneste na New Forests Rwanda Ltd ku wa 1/12/2015, umushahara mbumbe wa Rwandekeye Théoneste ari amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana ane (1.400.000Frw), ariko izindi nyandiko zirimo payroll ndetse n’amafaranga yahawe y’imperekeza bigaragaza ko umushahara yatahanaga ku kwezi ungana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe, ibihumbi mirongo itanu na magana arindwi n’atatu (1.050.703Frw). [43] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero indishyi Rwandekeye Théoneste asaba zigomba kubarirwa ku mushahara yatahanaga aho kubarirwa ku mushahara mbumbe nk’uko yabisabaga, ariko kuba Rwandekeye Théoneste yari amaze mu kazi igihe gito cy’umwaka umwe n’amezi umunani, agomba guhabwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’amezi ane (4 ) y’umushahara yatahanaga ni ukuvuga 1.050.703Frw x 4 bingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana abiri na bibiri magana inani na cumi na biri (4.202.812Frw). 4. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi bayahabwa [44] Uburanira Rwandekeye Théoneste avuga ko kubera ko bakurikiranye uru rubanza basaba kurenganurwa byatumye batakaza amafaranga yo gukora imyanzuro no kuburana uru rubanza, ko rero basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka uregwa kuri uru rwego kwishyura amafaranga 300.000Frw y'Ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000Frw y'Igihembo cya Avocat yose hamwe akaba 1.300.000Frw yo kuri uru rwego.

10Reba igika cya 35. Ibi byanagarutsweho mu gika cya 58 cy’urubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00009/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/04/2023 haburana Uwineza Alliance na Unguka Bank Plc.

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[45] Uhagarariye Ultimate Forests Company Ltd avuga ko indishyi Rwandekeye Théoneste asaba nta shingiro, kuko ntawamushoye mu manza ahubwo ari we ku giti cye wijyanye mu manza kandi azi neza ko ibyo aburana bihabanye n’ibyo amategeko ateganya. Banavuga ko ahubwo ari we ugomba guha Ultimate Forests Company Ltd amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka angana na 500.000Frw n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 200.000Frw yose hamwe akaba 700.000Frw. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [46] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [47] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba Rwandekeye Théoneste yarashatse Avoka wo kumukurikiranira urubanza no kumuburanira, agomba guhabwa amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka, agenwe mu bushishozi bw’urukiko kubera ko ayo asaba ari menshi, ayo mafaranga akaba agomba gutangwa na Ultimate Forests Company Ltd. [48] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi Ultimate Forests Company Ltd isaba, itazihabwa kuko itsindwa urubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [49] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza RSOCA00214/2018/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane cyatanzwe na Rwandekeye Théoneste, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [50] Rutegetse Ultimate Forests Company Ltd guha Rwandekeye Théoneste amafaranga miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana abiri na bibiri magana inani na cumi na biri (4.202.812 Frw) y’indishyi z’akababaro kubera kwirukanwa mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. [51] Rutegetse Ultimate Forests Company Ltd guha Rwandekeye Théoneste amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka.