SANLAM AG Plc v. TUYISHIME N’ABANDI

# SANLAM AG Plc v. TUYISHIME N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-09-27 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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SANLAM AG Plc v. TUYISHIME N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2023/CA (Munyangeri, J. P., Ngagi na Kamere, J.) 27 Nzeri 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Indishyi z’ikomoka ku mpanuka zo mu muhanda – Indishyi z'imbangamirabukungu – Uregera indishyi z’imbangamirabukungu uretse isano afitanye na nyakwigendera agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko yari atunzwe na nyakwindera, birimo ibyemezo by’Ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze ariko biherekejwe n’inteko y’abaturage b’aho usaba indishyi atuye kuko nibo baba bazi amakuru yerekeranye n’imibereho ye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ikozwe n’ikinyabiziga gifite ubwishingizi mu Kigo cy’ubwishingizi cya Sanlam Ag Plc (Sanlam) hanyuma igahitana uwitwa Nshimiyimana. Mukabaziga na Tuyishime bagerageje gusaba indishyi ku bwumvikane biranga, bahitamo kuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kugira ngo barenganurwe. Sanlam Ag. Plc yireguye ivuga ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu Abarega basaba badakwiye kuzihabwa kuko nta kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari ubatunze koko. Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cy’Abarega gifite ishingiro, maze rutegeka ko bagenerwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu ndetse n’izindi ndishyi zinyuranye. Sanlam Ag. Plc yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru ivuga ko Mukabaziga na Tuyishime batagombaga kugenerwa indishyi bahawe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ahubwo ko bari kugenerwa amafaranga yo mu muhango wo gushyingura Nyakwigendera gusa. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Sanlam Ag Plc nta shingiro bufite, ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bw’Abaregwa bufite ishingiro. Rwategetse ko urubanza rujuririrwa rudahindutse ku byajuririwe, uretse ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe. Sanlam Ag Plc yasabye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ko urubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, arabyemererwa rwoherezwa kuburanishwa n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Yasobanuye ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo rwayirenganyije rugenera Abaregwa indishyi zitandukanye zirimo n’iz’imbangamirabukungu nyamara nta bimenyetso batanze bigaragaza ko Nyakwigendera ariwe warubatunze koko. Bityo isaba uru Rukiko ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zatanzwe zakurwaho maze rukemeza ko izisubizwa, isaba n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Abaregwa muri uru rubanza ari bo Mukabaziga na Tuyishime bavuga ko nta karengane Sanlam yagiriwe kuko indishyi bahawe, Urukiko Rukuru rwazibageneye rushingiye ku bimenyetso batanze bigizwe n’inyandiko zatanzwe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Inzego z’ibanze ndetse na Koperative Nyakwigendera yakoreragamo. Icyo kibazo ababuranyi bafitanye kijyanye no kumenya niba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zatanzwe mu rubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG zitaragombaga gutangwa, ni cyo cyasuzumwe muri uru rubanza rw’akarengane. Aha Sanlam yisobanuye ivuga ko muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije amategeko, rugenera Abaregwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu. Amategeko rwirengagije ni ukuba rwaremeje ko izo ndishyi zitangwa rushingiye ku kuba abo zagenewe bafitanye isano na Nyakwigendera, nyamara bidahagije mu gihe hatagaragajwe ibimenyetso byemeza ko bari batunzwe na Nyakwigendera. Bityo, kuba inkiko zombi zarabyirengagije cyane cyane, Urukiko Rukuru, isanga ibyo rwakoze bigomba kuvanwaho n'uru Rukiko rw'Ubujurire. Abaregwa biregura bavuga ko ibyemezo byafashwe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo nta karengane Sanlam yagiriwe kubera ko ibimenyetso batanze bigizwe n’inyandiko zatanzwe n’Inzego z’ibanze, aribyo Urukiko Rukuru rwahaye agaciro, kuko bigaragaza ko bari basanzwe batunzwe na

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nyakwigendera Nshimiyimana. Bityo, bakaba basaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko iki kirego cy’Urega gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG, nta shingiro gifite. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uregera indishyi z’imbangamirabukungu uretse isano afitanye na nyakwigendera agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko yari atunzwe na nyakwindera, birimo ibyemezo by’Ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze ariko biherekejwe n’inteko y’abaturage b’aho usaba indishyi atuye kuko nibo baba bazi amakuru yerekeranye n’imibereho ye. Ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nta shingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ingingo ya 280. Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ingingo ya 255. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 110 n’iya 111. Itegeko N° 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, ingingo ya 9. Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi k’ububabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 22. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC00005/2023/SC, Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Mukabera Françine, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/07/2024. RS/INJUST/RC00021/2022/SC, Mukagatare Regine na Bagenzi be v. SANLAM AG Plc. rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/03/2023. RS/INJUST/RC00018/2022/SC, Niyonzima Léonidas na Bagenzi be v. SANLAM AG Plc rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/01/2023. RCAA0049/14/CS, SORAS AG Ltd v. Umuhoza Pacifique n’Abandi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku kirego Mukabaziga Consilde na Tuyishime Illuminata batanze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge basaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yabaye tariki ya 29/05/2019, saa kumi (16:00) mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, Umurenge wa Kimisagara, Akagari ka Kimisagara, Umudugudu wa Gakorazo, muri feux rouges za Kiruhura yahitanye Nshimiyimana Noel. Basobanuye ko imodoka Jeep RAV4 ifite plaque RAC 917M yari itwawe na Karangwa Alexis waturukaga ku Giticyinyoni yerekeza Kiruhura, yageze muri “feux rouges” isanga ibinyabiziga bituruka Kiruhura byerekeza Nyabugogo, bihagaze bitegereje kubona uburenganzira bwo gukomeza, ntiyahagarara, maze ahita agonga uwitwa Nshimiyimana Noel w’imyaka 26 y’amavuko wari utwaye moto TVS RE233B wahise apfa. Karangwa Alexis akaba yaragonze n’uwitwa Nshimyumuremyi Vincent w’imyaka 23 nawe wahise apfa, ko bagerageje gusaba indishyi ku bwumvikane biranga, bahitamo kuregera Urukiko kugira ngo barenganurwe. [2] SANLAM AG Plc yireguye ivuga ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi k’ububabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, isanga indishyi mbangamirabukungu

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abarega basaba badakwiye kuzihabwa kuko nta kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari ubatunze koko. [3] Mu rubanza RC00717/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 28/10/2021, Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Mukabaziga Consilde na Tuyishime Illuminata gifite ishingiro. Rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc gubaha amafaranga abazwe mu buryo bukurikira: indishyi mbangamirabukungu 6.133.980Frw; Indishyi mbangamira ku muco za 810.000Frw ku mubyeyi wa Nshimiyimana Noel naho umuvandimwe wa nyakwigendera Tuyishime Illiminate agahabwa 540.000 Frw; 700.000Frw y’ibyakoreshejwe kubera impanuka. Rwategetse kandi SANLAM AG Plc guha Mukabaziga Consilde 620,000Frw akubiyemo igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza ndetse n’ay’atanzweho ingwate y’amagarama baregera Urukiko. [4] SANLAM AG Plc yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru ivuga ko isanga indishyi mbangamirabukungu abarega basaba badakwiye kuzihabwa kuko nta kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari ubatunze koko nk’uko babivuga na cyane ko nta n’umusaruro uva ku murimo yakoraga bagaragaje ngo ube washingirwaho biramutse bigaragaye ko ariwe wari ubatunze; kuba rwaragombaga kubagenera 200.000Frw mu muhango wo gushyingura kuko ari mu rugero, aho kubagenera amafaranga atangwa ku mukozi wa Leta wapfuye nk’aho Nshimiyimana Noel wazize impanuka yakoreraga Leta; kuba bataragombaga kugenerwa amafaranga y’ ikurikiranarubanza kandi urubanza rwarakurikiranwe na Avoka wabihembewe. [5] Mu rubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 05/05/2023, Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG PLc nta shingiro bufite, ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bw’abaregera indishyi bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Rutegeka ko ibyemejwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa bidahindutse uretse ku byakoreshejwe bibaye 1,600,000 Frw SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha abaregera indishyi naho 700 000Frw yari yemejwe mbere akuweho. Rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc gutanga 250,000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka ku rwego rw’ubujurire yiyongera ku yari yemejwe mu rubanza rujurirwa. [6] SANLAM AG Plc yasabye ko urubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo nimero155/CJ/2023, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo, arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo abe ari rwo ruzaruburanisha; ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RC00013/2023/CA. Mu nama ntegurarubanza hemezwa ko ruzaburanishwa ku wa 04/09/2024, ariko rwimurirwa ku wa 06/09/2024, rwongera kwimurirwa ku wa 13/09/2024. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 13/09/2024, SANLAM AG Plc ihagaraririwe na Me Umuhoza Béatrice, naho Mukabaziga Consilde na Tuyishime Illuminata bahagarariwe na Me Mbera Sebagabo Patrick. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu iburanisha, SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko yarenganyijwe n’urubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG, kuko rwayitegetse kwishyura abaregwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu kandi bataragombaga kuzihabwa kuko batabashije kugaragaza ko bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera, ko rero rwirengagije umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00021/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/03/2023, Mukagatare Regine na bagenzi be baburana na SANLAM AG Plc n’urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00018/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 27/01/2023, Niyonzima Léonidas na bagenzi be baburana na SANLAM AG Plc zemeje ko kuba umuntu mufitanye isano bidahagije kuba byakwemezwa ko yaba agufite mu nshingano ku buryo yagutunga. Bityo isaba ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zatanzwe zakurwaho maze Urukiko rukemeza ko SANLAM AG Plc izisubizwa, hanyuma isoza isaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Mukabaziga Consilde na Tuyishime Illuminata bavuga ko nta karengane SANLAM AG Plc yagiriwe mu rubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG kuko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zatanzwe

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zashingiye ku bimenyetso batanze bigizwe n’inyandiko yakozwe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Rugara tariki ya 11/06/2020, inashyirwaho umukono n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari, aho izo nzego zemeje ko Nshimiyimana Noel ari we wari utunze nyina Mukabaziga Consilde n’umuvandimwe we Tuyishime, hamwe n’icyemezo cy’ubunyamuryango cyatanzwe tariki ya 25/06/2020 na Mbahafi Cooperative yakoreragamo cyemeza ko Nshimiyimana Noel yakoreraga 15,000Frw ku munsi, agatanga 5000Frw y’umusoro, akanywa essence ya 5.000Frw; maze agasigarana 5000Frw ari nayo yatahanaga. Basoza basaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [9] Muri uru rubanza Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira: 1. kumenya niba indishyi mbangamirabukungu zatanzwe mu rubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG zitaragombaga gutangwa; 2. kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri urubanza afite ishingiro. I. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zatanzwe mu rubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG zitaragombaga gutangwa [10] Uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc avuga ko mu rubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z'akaregane, kuva mu gika cya 5 kugeza mu gika cya 11 cyarwo, Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije amategeko maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG Plc nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zategetswe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge zifite ishingiro, hanyuma rwemeza ko indishyi zingana na 6,133,980Frw zihabwa Tuyishime Illuminata na Mukabaziga Consilde, rwirengagije ko batabashije kugaragaza ko bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera. [11] Avuga kandi ko rwirengagije ibyo Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwemeje mu rubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/03/2023 hagati ya Mukagatare Regine na bagenzi be baburana na SANLAM AG Plc, n’ibyemejwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00018/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 27/01/2023, hagati ya Niyonzima Léonidas na bagenzi be baburana na SANLAM AG Plc, zemeje ko kuba umuntu mufitanye isano bidahagije kuba byakwemezwa ko yaba agufite mu nshingano ku buryo yagutunga, ibi bikaba byaragarutsweho mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC mu bika bya 25 kugeza ku cya 33, aho urwo Rukiko rwagaragarije abaregera indishyi mbangamirabukungu ko zitatangwa kuko abazisaba batabasha kugaragaza ibimenyetso nyabyo byemeza ko nyakwigendera yari abatunze. [12] Akomeza avuga ko ibyavuzwe haruguru ari byo Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije kuko abasabaga indishyi bose batabashaga kugaragaza uko nyakwigendera yari abatunze, ko kuba rero inkiko zombi zarabyirengagije cyane cyane, Urukiko Rukuru, basanga ibyo rwakoze bigomba kuvanwaho n’Urukiko rw'Ubujurire kuko iki cyemezo kinyuranije n'umurongo washyizweho n'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga. Bityo SANLAM AG Plc ikaba isaba ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zatanzwe zakurwaho maze Urukiko rukemeza ko SANLAM AG Plc izisubizwa. [13] Uhagarariye abaregwa yiregura avuga ko nta karengane kari mu rubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG kuko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zatanzwe zashingiye ku bimenyetso batanze bigizwe n’inyandiko yakozwe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Rugara tariki ya 11/06/2020, ishyirwaho umukono n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari, aho izo nzego zemeje ko nyakwigendera Nshimiyimana Noel ari we wari utunze nyina Mukabaziga Consilde n’umuvandimwe we Tuyishime Illuminata ndetse n’icyemezo cy’ubunyamuryango cyatanzwe tariki ya 25/06/2020 na

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Mbahafi Cooperative yakoreragamo cyemeza ko Nshimiyimana Noel yakoreraga 15,000Frws ku munsi, agatanga 5.000Frw y’umusoro, akanywa Essence ya 5000Frw; maze agasigarana 5000Frw arinayo yatahanaga. Ibi akaba ari nabyo Urukiko Rukuru rwasesenguye mu buryo burambuye mu gika cya 7 kugeza ku cya 11, aho rwagaragaje agaciro k’ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’inzego z’ibanze zigaragaza ko abarega bari basanzwe batunzwe na nyakwigendera Nshimiyimana Noel. [14] Akomeza asobanura ko ibyo bimenyetso byashimangiwe n’ubuyobozi bw’isibo ryo kwihesha agaciro, Umudugudu wa Rugura, Akagari ka Karambo tariki ya 24/05/2024, aho bwagaragaje ko nyakwigendera Nshimiyimana Noel yishwe n’impanuka y’imodoka kandi akaba ari we wari usanzwe atunze umubyeyi we witwa Mukabaziga Consilde n’umuvandimwe we Tuyishime Illuminata abamenyera buri kimwe cyose, ko rero basanga nta cyemezo cyafashwe kirenganya SANLAM AG Plc. Bityo ko ikirego cyayo gisaba gusubirishwamo urubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG nta shingiro gifite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Mukabaziga Consilde na Tuyishime Illuminata badakwiye guhabwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu zikomoka ku rupfu rwa Nshimiyimana Noel kuko ngo atari we wari usanzwe abatunze, ku buryo izo ndishyi bagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru zasubizwa SANLAM AG Plc. [16] Ingingo ya 255 y’Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango yubahirizwaga ubwo ikirego cyatangwaga, mu gika cyayo cya 2, iteganya ko umwana agomba guha agaciro ababyeyi be, kububaha no kubaha ibibatunga igihe babikeneye. Ibi ni nabyo biteganywa n’ingingo ya 280, agace ka (2) y’Itegeko Nº 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 rigenga abantu n’umuryango. [17] Ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko [...] abafite uburenganzira ku buryo byumvikana ko bari batunzwe n'uwahohotewe n’impanuka ni bo bonyine bashobora guhabwa indishyi. [18] Mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1, Urukiko rwasobanuye imyandikire y’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe igaragaza neza ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zigenerwa gusa uwari atunzwe n’uwapfuye. Bivuze ko ikigenderwaho cy’ibanze hasuzumwa niba umuntu afite uburenganzira ku ndishyi mbangamirabukungu, ari ukuba agaragaza ko yari atunzwe koko n’uwapfuye, ko kandi bidahagije kwerekana ko hari amasano usaba indishyi mbangamirabukungu afitanye na nyakwigendera gusa, ko ahubwo agomba no gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko yari asanzwe ari mu nshingano ze kumutunga. [19] Ku birebana n’ibimenyetso bigomba gutangwa byerekana ko usaba indishyi mbangamirabukungu yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, mu rubanza RCAA0049/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku 25/11/2016 rwari hagati ya SORAS AG Ltd na Umuhoza Pacifique n’abandi, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge atari cyo kimenyetso gihamya ko abaregera indishyi bahabwaga ibibatunga mu buryo buhoraho (régulièrement) na nyakwigendera, ko inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge igomba kuba iherekejwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bigizwe n’inyandiko zose zemeza ibyo urega asaba zivugwa mu ngingo ya 9

1Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00018/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/01/2023, Niyonzima Léonidas na bagenzi be baburana na SANLAM AG Plc n’urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00021/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/03/2023 hagati ya Mukagatare Regine na bagenzi be baburana na SANLAM AG Plc.

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y’Itegeko N° 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka2. [20] Na none mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00005/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/07/20243, Urukiko rwibukije ibyasobanuwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00018/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/01/2023, Niyonzima Léonidas na bagenzi be baburana na SANLAM AG Plc n’urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00021/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/03/2023 hagati ya Mukagatare Regine na bagenzi be baburana na SANLAM AG Plc zavuzwe haruguru, kandi n’uru Rukiko rwemeranya nazo, ko bidahagije kuvuga gusa ko hari isano usaba indishyi mbangamirabukungu afitanye n’uwapfuye, ko ahubwo agomba no gutanga ibimenyetso ko uwo nyakwigendera ari we wari umutunze. Icyakora ku bijyanye n’ibimenyetso, n’ubwo mu rubanza RCAA0049/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016 rwari hagati ya SORAS AG Ltd na Umuhoza Pacifique n’abandi, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge atari cyo kimenyetso gihamya ko abaregera indishyi bahabwaga ibibatunga mu buryo buhoraho (régulièrement) na nyakwigendera, ko iyo nyandiko igomba kuba iherekejwe n’ibindi bimenyetso, mu gika cya 22 cy’urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00005/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/07/2024, Urukiko rwasobanuye neza ko hari igihe inyandiko yatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze ishobora kuba yihagije ubwayo nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze usaba indishyi, mu gihe yakozwe hashingiwe ku buhamya bwatangiwe mu nteko y’abaturage y’aho aba, kuko abaturanyi b’usaba indishyi baba bazi neza imibereho ye ya buri munsi, bakaba bashobora kwemeza niba ari nyakwigendera wari umutunze. [21] Ku bijyanye n’ibimenyetso Mukabaziga Consilde na Tuyishime Illuminata batanga bigaragaza ko bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera Nshimiyimana Noel, dosiye igaragaramo inyandiko yakozwe ku wa 11/06/2020 n’ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Rugara ndetse iriho n’umukono w’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari, bemeza ko Nshimiyimana Noel wapfuye azize impanuka y’imodoka ari we wari utunze nyina kuko ari we wakoraga ndetse akanamenya na mwene nyina Tuyishime Eliminata Ku wa 24/05/2024 Inteko y’Akagari ka Karambo yarimo abaturage bagera kuri 88 biganjemo abo mu Isibo yo Kwihesha agaciro, abasaba indinshyi babarizwamo, yahamije ko nyakwigendera Nshimiyimana Noel yishwe n’impanuka y’imodoka kandi akaba ari we wari usanzwe atunze umubyeyi we witwa Mukabaziga Consilde n’umuvandimwe we Tuyishime Illuminata, abamenyera buri kimwe cyose. Dosiye igaragaramo na none icyemezo cy’ubunyamuryango cyatanzwe tariki ya 25/06/2020 na Mbahafi Cooperative yakoreragamo cyemeza ko Nshimiyimana Noel yakoreraga 15,000Frw ku munsi, agatanga 5.000Frw y’umusoro, akanywa “essence” ya 5000Frw; maze agasigarana 5.000Frw ari nayo yatahanaga. [22] Urukiko rurasanga rwemeranywa n’imanza zavuzwe haruguru ko isano hagati ya nyakwigendera n’usaba indishyi z’imbangamirabukungu idahagije, kuko siko igihe cyose uwo mufitanye isano yaba ari iri hagati y’umubyeyi n’umwana cyangwa umwana n’umubyeyi, aba ari we ugutunze, kuko bishoboka ko buri wese muri bo ashobora kuba afite ubushobozi bwo kwitunga. Urukiko ruributsa na none ko mu rubanza RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku itariki ya 25/11/2016 haburana SORAS AG Ltd, ubu yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc, na Umuhoza Pacifique n’abandi, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge atari cyo kimenyetso gihamya ko abaregera indishyi bahabwaga ibibatunga mu buryo buhoraho (régulièrement) n’uwapfuye, ko icyo kimenyetso kitagaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga

2 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko mbere yo gutangira kuregera indishyi mu nkiko, uwangirijwe cyangwa abamuhagarariye bemewe n’amategeko, cyangwa iyo yapfuye, abafite uburenganzira ku bintu bye, bishyuza indishyi uwishingiye uwateje impanuka, cyangwa byaba ngombwa Ikigega cy’ingoboka ku binyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri bigendera ku butaka, binyuze ku bwumvikane, bakamwereka inyandiko zose zemeza ishingiro ry’ibyo basaba. […]. 3 Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00005/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/07/2024 haburana Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Mukabera Françine.

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abatunga kandi bujuje imyaka y’ubukure, ko n’ubwo yaba yarabikoraga, byafatwa nk’ubufatanye busanzwe hagati y’abagize umuryango (entraide familiale), icyemezo cy’inzego z’ubuyobozi cyonyine kitihagije; bivuze ko kigomba guherekezwa n’ibindi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko koko usaba indishyi yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera. Na none nk’uko byibukijwe haruguru, mu gika cya 22 cy’urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00005/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/07/2024, Urukiko rwasobanuye neza ko hari igihe inyandiko yatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze ishobora kuba yihagije ubwayo nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze usaba indishyi, mu gihe yakozwe hashingiwe ku buhamya bwatangiwe mu nteko y’abaturage y’aho aba, kuko abaturanyi b’usaba indishyi baba bazi neza imibereho ye ya buri munsi, bakaba bashobora kwemeza niba ari nyakwigendera wari umutunze. Ibi nabyo bigaragaza ukuri k’ubuzima abaturage babamo, kuko bitumvikana, uburyo utunze undi kubera isano n’inshingano afite yajya akusanya ibimenyetso by’ibyo amukoreye byose ateganya ko aramutse apfuye azize impanuka, ibyo bimenyetso byazagaragazwa kugira ngo abo yari atunze bashobore kugenerwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu. [23] Hashingiwe ku manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga nk’uko zibukijwe haruguru, cyane cyane urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00005/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/07/2024 rumaze kwibutswa, no ku nyandiko y’icyemezo kiriho umukono w’Umukuru w’Umudugudu wa Rugara n’uw’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Karambo,iherekejwe n’imikono y’abantu 88 bitabiriye inteko rusange y’Akagari ka Karambo yemeza ko Mukabaziga Consilde atishoboye akaba yarafashwaga n’umuhungu we Nshimiyimana Noel watwaraga moto none akaba yarapfuye azize impanuka, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibi bihagije kuba byafatwa nk’ibimenyetso byashingirwaho hemezwa ko nyakwigendera Nshimiyimana Noel yari atunze umubyeyi we Mukabaziga Consilde n’umuvandimwe we Tuyishime Illuminata. [24] Urukiko rurasanga imanza SANLAM AG Plc ishingiraho ivuga ko zirengangijwe bituma irenganywa n’urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, zitarirengagijwe, kuko icyo izo manza zigaragaza ari uko amasano yonyine hagati ya nyakwigendera n’usaba indishyi mbangamirabukungu adahagije kugira ngo azihabwe, kandi ntabwo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye gusa ku isano yari hagati ya nyakwigendera n’abasaba indishyi, ahubwo rwanashingiye ku bimenyetso byibukijwe haruguru. Urukiko rurasanga mu gihe SANLAM AG Plc itagaragaza ko Mukabaziga Consilde na Tuyishime Illuminata baba bari bafite ubushobozi bwo kwitunga nko kuba bafite amasambu abaha umusaruro uhagije ushobora kubatunga, amatungo, umurimo uzwi cyangwa se iduka baba batunze, cyangwa indi inkomoko y’ibibatunga; ntaho rwahera ruvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’inkiko zabanje; bityo nta karengane kari mu rubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 05/05/2023 rwemeje ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze umubeyeyi we Mukabaziga Consilde n’umuvandiwe we Tuyishime Illuminata cyane cyane ko yari afite amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu (5.000Frw) yinjizaga buri munsi nk’uko byemejwe na Mbahafi Cooperative yari abereye umunyamuryango. 2. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri urubanza afite ishingiro [25] Uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc ashingiye ku ngingo ya 110 n’iya 111 z’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko ni rusanga ikirego cy'akarengane rwashyikirijwe na SANLAM AG Plc gifite ishingiro ruzategeka abaregwa kuyishyura amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1,000,000Frw) y'ikurikiranarubanza n'igihembo cya Avoka. [26] Uhagarariye abaregwa avuga ko amafaranga SANLAM AG Plc isaba, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukwiye kubona ko nta shingiro afite kuko ari yo yishoye mu manza zidafite ishingiro, ikaba itakwitwaza amakosa yayo ngo isabe indishyi z’ibyagiye ku rubanza. Avuga kandi ko Tuyishime Illuminata na Mukabaziga Consilde basaba Urukiko gutegeka SANLAM AG Plc kubaha, buri wese

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amafaranga ibihumbi Magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuko barukurikirana batuye mu Karere ka Ngororero na miliyoni imwe (1,000,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [27] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [28] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba byagaragaye ko SANLAM AG Plc itarenganyijwe n’urubanza No RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 05/05/2023 yasubirishijemo, kandi Mukabaziga Consilde na Tuyishime Illuminata bakaba barashatse Avoka ubaburanira muri uru rubanza, ndetse bakaba baragiye barukurikirana kuva rutangiye, rurasanga bagomba guhabwa amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza basaba ariko agenwe mu bushishozi bw‘Urukiko, ni ukuvuga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y'igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana atatu (300,000Frw) y'ikurikiranarubanza, akaba agomba kwishyurwa na SANLAM AG Plc. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [29] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc gisaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane urubanza RCA00318/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 05/05/2023 nta shingiro gifite. [30] Rutegetse SANLAM AG Plc guha Mukabaziga Consilde na Tuyishime Illuminata amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y'igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana atatu (300,000Frw) y'ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego.