SANLAM AG PLC v MUKANDAYISENGA

SANLAM AG PLC v MUKANDAYISENGA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-08-03 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2023/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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SANLAM AG PLC v MUKANDAYISENGA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2023/SC (Cyanzayire, P.J, Hitiyaremye, Kalihangabo, J.) 08 Werurwe 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga – Igipimo cy’ibitsa kigomba gushingirwaho habarwa indishyi – Igipimo cy’ibitsa gikoreshwa mu kubara indishyi kigomba kungana n’igipimo cy’inyungu y’ibitsa ikoreshwa n’amabanki aricyo bita ‘’ deposit rate’’, kuko aricyo kigaragaza inyungu y’ibitsa ikoreshwa n’amabanki. Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ibinyabiziga – Igipimo cy’ibitsa – Ihindurwa ry’umurongo wagenaga uburyo bw’ibarwa ry’igipimo cy’ibitsa - Umurongo wafashwe mu manza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2021/SC Prime Insurance Ltd yaburanaga na Uwimanimpaye Jean Claude, urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2022/SC Kwizera Eric yaburanaga na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd n’urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2022/SC SANLAM yaburanaga na Uwihanganye urahinduwe, kuko muri izo manza hakoreshejwe igipimo cya CBR. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka y’ikinyabiziga yabaye igahitana uwitwa Habumuremyi hanyuma umugenzacyaha akemeza ko iyo mpanuka yatewe n’uburangare n’ubuteganye buke bwa Muhire wari utwaye icyo kinyabiziga. Mukandayisenga na bagenzi be baregera indishyi baje kwandikira SANLAM AG PLC (Sanlam), umwishingizi w’ikinyabiziga cyateje urupfu

rwa Habumuremyi ariko ntihabaho kumvikana batanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwaje kwemeza ko Sanlam itanga indishyi zinyuranye. Sanlam yatanze ubujurire mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko itemera igipimo cy’ibitsa cyakoreshejwe mu kubara indishyi ndetse ko itemera igenwa ry’indishyi mbangamirabukungu kuko nta muntu nyakwigendera yari atunze kuko yari ingaragu. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko nta kosa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwakoze mu kwemeza ko igipimo cy’inyungu y’ibitsa cya 5% ari cyo gikwiye gushingirwaho hatangwa indishyi bityo ko ubujurire bwa Sanlam nta shingiro bufite. Sanlam yaje kujya mu nzira z’akarengane hanyuma urubanza ruza guhabwa Urukiko rw’Ikirenga maze rwongera kuruburanisha hasuzumwa ibibazo birimo icyo kumenya igipimo cy’ibitsa (Taux de placement du jour) kigomba gushingirwaho habarwa indishyi Sanlam igomba guha Mukandayisenga na bagenzi be no kumenya niba hari amafaranga akwiye gusubizwa Sanlam. Sanlam isobanura ko kuba indishyi zaragenwe hashingiwe ku gipimo cy’ibitsa (Taux de placement du jour) cya 5%, byatumye abagenewe indishyi bahabwa iz’umurengera kuko igipimo cy’ibitsa cyari kigezweho ku munsi urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo rwasomwaga cyari kuri 7,609 % nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko yatanzwe na BNR, bityo ko indishyi zemejwe zinyuranyije n’amategeko kuko zashingiye ku gipimo kidafite aho gikomowe, ikaba igomba gusubizwa ikinyuranyo cy’indishyi

yatanze. Mukandayisenga na bagenzi be bavuga ko mu kubara indishyi, inkiko zabanje nta kosa zakoze kuko zazibaze zishingiye ku gipimo cyatanzwe na BNR kigaragara ku rubuga rwayo, bityo ko ntaho Sanlam yahera ivuga ko yarenganye kuko igipimo isaba ko cyashingirwaho itigeze ikigaragaza mu manza zabanje, ndetse bakaba nta n’uruhare bagize mu gushyiraho icyo gipimo bityo bakaba nta mafaranga bagomba gusubiza Sanlam.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Igipimo cy’ibitsa gikoreshwa mu kubara indishyi kigomba kungana n’igipimo cy’inyungu y’ibitsa ikoreshwa n’amabanki aricyo bita ‘’ deposit rate’’, kuko aricyo kigaragaza inyungu y’ibitsa ikoreshwa n’amabanki bityo igipimo cy’ibitsa cyagombaga gushingirwaho habarwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Sanlam igomba guha Mukandayisenga na bagenzi be, ni ikigaragara ku rubuga rwa Banki Nkuru cyitwa deposit rate, cyanganaga na 7,609% igihe urubanza rwasomwaga n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma; Sanlam ikaba igomba gusubizwa ikinyuranyo cy’amafaranga yishyuye. Ikirego cyatanzwe gifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111; Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri biturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 2, 22. Nta manza zifashishijwe Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: The economic times, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/bank-rate yarebwe ku wa 27/02/2024, 11h33; Financial Stability Committee press release, February 2024: https://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=96 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA. [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 07/07/2018, ubwo mu Mudugudu wa Karenge, Akagari ka Sakara, Umurenge wa Murama, Akarere ka

Ngoma, Intara y’Iburasirazuba, MUHIRE Cédrick wari utwaye imodoka ifite plaque No RAA 776 L yagongaga Habumuremyi Alphonse bikamuviramo urupfu. Umugenzacyaha wageze aho impanuka yabereye yemeje ko yatewe n’uburangare ndetse n’ubuteganye buke bwa Muhire Cédrick. [2] Mukandayisenga Albertine na bagenzi be, bashingiye ku kuba imodoka yagonze ndetse ikanica Habumuremyi Alphonse yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SORAS Assurances Générales Ltd ubu yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc, banditse basaba ko iyo sosiyete yakemura ikibazo mu bwumvikane, bagahabwa indishyi, ariko SANLAM AG Plc ntiyabikora, bituma batanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma barusaba ko arirwo rwazibagenera, rukazibara hashingiwe ku mushahara muto ungana na 3.000 Frw ku munsi, zibariwe ku gipimo cy’inyungu cy’ibitsa cya 8% ndetse no ku myaka 39 Nyakwigendera yari asigaje gukora ngo agere mu zabukuru. [3] SANLAM AG Plc yireguye ivuga ko nta ruhare Niyomukiza Bruno yabona ku ndishyi zisabwa kuko nta kigaragaza ko ari umwana wa Nyakwigendera. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi, yavuze ko Urukiko rutakwemeza indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kuko abazisaba batagaragaza ko

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Nyakwigendera yari abatunze. Naho ku zindi ndishyi zisabwa, ivuga ko zabarirwa ku 2.000 Frw, ku gipimo cy’inyungu cy’ibitsa cya 10%, mu gihe cy’iminsi 25 y’ukwezi. [4] Mu rubanza No RC 00154/2019/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 20/02/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwasanze: i. Niyomukiza Bruno ari we wenyine ukwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kuko hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko ari umwana wa Habumuremyi Alphonse na Kayitesi Laetitia, rusobanura ko impamvu abandi baburanyi batazigenerwa ari uko nta kimenyetso berekanye kigaragaza ko bari batunzwe na Nyakwigendera; ii. Indishyi zisabwa na Mukandayisenga Albertine na bagenzi be zigomba gutangwa hashingiwe ku 3.000 Frw zibariwe ku minsi 30 igize ukwezi n’amezi 12 agize umwaka, zigashingirwa ku gipimo cy’inyungu y’ibitsa kibariwe kuri 5%; iii. Indishyi zigomba gutangwa zibariwe ku myaka 39 kuko ariyo Habumuremyi Alphonse yari asigaje gukora kugira ngo agere mu zabukuru.

[5] Urukiko rwanzuye ko ikirego cyatanzwe n’abarega gifite ishingiro, rwemeza ko SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha Niyomukiza Bruno uhagarariwe na Kayitesi Laetitia indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 9.518.644 Frw ndetse n’iz’akababaro zingana na 810.000 Frw, rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc guha Mukandayisenga Albertine 810.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro. [6] Rwemeje kandi ko SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha Mbonigaba Jean Claude na Uwamahoro Denyse bahagarariwe na Mukandayisenga Albertine, Uzamukunda Emilienne na Mukandayiragije Espérance indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 540.000 Frw kuri buri wese, yose hamwe akaba 2.160.000 Frw; runayitegeka gusubiza Mukandayisenga Albertine na bagenzi be 6.000 Frw yaguzwe dosiye, 11.500 Frw yatanzwe hakorwa autopsie, 13.500 Frw yaguzwe ibyemezo bitandukanye, 100.000 Frw yakoreshejwe hatwarwa umurambo, 80.000 Frw yaguzwe isanduka, 15.000 Frw yaguzwe igitambaro cyo gushyira ku isanduka, 20.000 Frw yaguzwe amashuka, 100.000 Frw yo gukaraba no gukura ikiriyo, 100.000 Frw yo gukurikirana urubanza na 500.00 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [7] SANLAM AG Plc yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ivuga ko Urukiko rwabanje rwatanzeindishyi ruzibariye ku gipimo cy’ibitsa cya 5% kandi nyamara ku munsi urubanza rwasomeweho cyari ku 8.3%, runemeza indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kandi nta kigaragaza ko hari abo Nyakwigendera yari atunze kuko yapfuyeari ingaragu.

SANLAMAG Plc yajuriye ivuga kandi ko Urukiko rwabanje rwategetse abaregaga gusubizwa amafaranga y’ibyo bakoresheje kandi nta nyemezabwishyu (factures) z’umwimerere bagaragaje, mu gihe bizwi neza ko umwishingizi adasubiza ibintu bidafitiwe ibimenyetso. [8] Abaregwa batanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, basaba ko hakosorwa ikosa ryakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kuko Urukiko rwemeje ko Mukandayisenga Albertine (umubyeyi wa Nyakwigendera), ahabwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 81.000 Frw kandi yagombye kuba 810.000 Frw. Basabye kandi ko SANLAM AG Plc yabagenera 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka ndetse na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuko ubujurire yatanze ari uburyo bwo gutinza kwishyurwa.

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[9] Mu rubanza No RCA 00032/2020/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 16/12/2020, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwasanze: i. Nta kosa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwakoze mu kwemeza ko igipimo cy’inyungu y’ibitsa kiri kuri 5% ari cyo gikwiye gushingirwaho hatangwa indishyi kuko ari cyo gipimo cyari kigezweho ubwo urubanza rwasomwaga, cyane ko ari nacyo gipimo cyagaragaraga ku rubuga (website) rwa BNR; ii. Ibisobanuro SANLAM AG Plc yatanze ijurira bitavuguruza icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma; iii. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Mukandayisenga Albertine na bagenzi be bufite ishingiro, maze ruvuga ko ikosa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwakoze rwandika ko Mukandayisenga Albertine ahabwa 81.000 Frw rigomba gukosorwa maze hakandikwa 810.000 Frw; iv. Mukandayisenga Albertine na bagenzi be badakwiye guhabwa 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuko ntacyo bakurikiranye mu rubanza rujuririrwa, icyakora rusanga SANLAM AG Plc igomba kubaha 750.000 Frw akubiyemo 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yatanzwe mu rwego rwa mbere ndetse na 250.000 Frw yatanzwe mu rwego rw’ubujurire; [10] Urukiko rwanzuye ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko urubanza No RC 00154/2019/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 20/02/2020, ruhindutse ku birebana gusa n’indishyi mpozamarira zahawe umubyeyi wa Nyakwigendera ndetse no ku bijyanye

n’igihembo cya Avoka, rutegeka ko SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha Mukandayisenga Albertine na bagenzi be 14.793.644 Frw. [11] Ku wa 15/01/2021, SANLAM AG Plc yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire isaba ko urubanza No RCA 00032/2020/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 16/12/2020, rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane. Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo, maze mu cyemezo No 177/CJ/2022 cyo ku wa 01/09/2022, yemeza ko rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. [12] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 06/02/2024, SANLAM AG Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude, naho Mukandayisenga Albertine, Uzamukunda Emilienne, Mukandayiragije Espérance, Uwamahoro Denyse, Mbonigaba Jean Claude na Niyomukiza Bruno bahagarariwe na Me Ntaganda Isaie, ababuranyi bajya impaka ku bibazo bikurikira: i. Kumenya igipimo cy’ibitsa (Taux de placement du jour) kigomba gushingirwaho habarwa indishyi SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha Mukandayisenga Albertine na bagenzi be. ii. Kumenya niba hari amafaranga SANLAM AG Plc igomba gusubizwa hiyongereyeho n’inyungu. iii. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza.

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II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO. II.1. Kumenya igipimo cy’ibitsa kigomba gushingirwaho habarwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha Mukandayisenga Albertine na bagenzi be. [13] Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc avuga ko kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ndetse n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, zaremeje ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Habumuremyi Alphonse zigomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku gipimo cy’ibitsa (Taux de placement du jour) cya 5%, byatumye abagenewe indishyi bahabwa iz’umurengera kuko igipimo cy’ibitsa cyari kigezweho ku munsi urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo rwasomwaga cyari kuri 7,609 % nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko yatanzwe na BNR, bityo ko indishyi zemejwe zinyuranyije n’amategeko kuko zashingiye ku gipimo kidafite aho gikomowe. Yongeyeho ko mu kubara indishyi, hari gushingirwa ku gipimo cy’ibitsa cyari kigezweho ku munsi urubanza rwaburanishirijweho kuko ariwo munsi ababuranyi bose bagombaga kuba bashyikirije Urukiko ibimenyetso. [14] Akomeza asobanura ko inyandiko igaragaza igipimo cy’ibitsa cyari kigezweho icyo gihe, yayibonye nyuma y’isomwa ry’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuyerwa Ngoma, ari nabwo yahise ajurira, kandiko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana mu guca urubanza rwashingiye ku gipimo cyari kigezweho ku munsi ubujurire bwasomeweho, aho kureba igipimo cyari

kigezweho ku munsi ubujurire bwaburanishirijweho. [15] Me Ntaganda Isaie uhagarariye Mukandayisenga Albertine na bagenzi be yireguye avuga ko Urukiko rutaha ishingiro inyandiko ya taux de placement yatanzwe na BNR kuko SANLAM AG Plc itigeze iyigaragaza mu nkiko zabanje, ko ahubwo icyo yasabye Urukiko ari uko mu gihe ruzaba rugiye gufata icyemezo rwazashingira ku gipimo cy’ibitsa kizaba kigezweho, ari nabyo byakozwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma kuko rwasanze icyo gipimo kigeze kuri 5%. Avuga ko igihe SANLAM AG Plc yatangaga ubujurire itagaragaje ibisobanuro bifatika bivuguruza igipimo cya 5% cyashingiweho hatangwa indishyi. Yongeraho ko nyuma y’aho urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ruciriwe, bagiranye na SANLAM AG Plc amasezerano yo kwishyurana mu bwumvikane, ariko mu kwishyura itanga ingano itarategetswe n’Urukiko. [16] Arangiza avuga ko kuba mu kubara indishyi Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ndetse n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, zitarashingiye ku bipimo byatanzwe n’ababuranyi, ahubwo mu kuzigena zigashingira ku gipimo cyatanzwe na BNR kigaragara ku rubuga rwayo (website), asanga nta kosa izo nkiko zombi zakoze, bityo ko ntaho SANLAM AG Plc yahera ivuga ko yarenganye kuko igipimo isaba ko cyashingirwaho itigeze ikigaragaza mu manza zabanje, ndetsebakabanta n’uruhare bagize mu gushyiraho icyogipimo.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ni ukumenya “igipimo cy’ibitsa” kigomba gukoreshwa, kuko SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko hagombaga gukoreshwa icya 7,609% mu gihe Urukiko rwo rwakoresheje icya 5%. Ababuranyi bombi bemeranya ko igipimo kigomba gukoreshwa ari ikigaragara ku rubuga rwa BNR igihe cy’isomwa ry’urubanza ariko ntibumvikane ku kigomba

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gukoreshwa mu bigaragara kuri urwo rubuga. Iyo urebye ku rubuga rwa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu ahagaragara ibipimo byakoreshwaga igihe urubanza rwasomwaga, usanga mu kwezi kwa 2/2022 Central Bank Rate (CBR) yari 5% ari nayo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwakoresheje, hakaba hariho na 7,609% SANALAM AG Plc ivuga ko ari yo yagombaga gukoreshwa, ariko iki gipimo cyo kikitwa “deposit rate”. [18] Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri biturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga mu ngingo yaryo ya 22, iteganya mu gika cya 6 ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibarwa mu buryo bukurikira: “Indishyi izatangwa nk’uko bikorwa mu gutanga amafaranga (capital) hakurikijwe uburyo bukurikira: 𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑟𝑜 𝑤𝘍𝑢𝑚𝑤𝑎𝑘𝑎 𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢 𝑎𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑤𝘍𝑢𝑤𝑎ℎ𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑤𝑒 𝑋 𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑒 Amafaranga: 𝑤𝘍𝑖𝑚𝑦𝑎𝑘𝑎 𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑔𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑘𝑢𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑜 𝑎𝑘𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑋 2/3 1+ (𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑐𝑦𝘍𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠𝑎 𝑋 𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑤𝘍𝑖𝑚𝑦𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑦𝑜 𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑎ℎ𝑜) Mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, iyo ndishyi yose hamwe ntigomba kurenga inshuro ijana umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko.” [19] Ingingo ya 2 y’iri Teka isobanura ko “igipimo cy’ibitsa” ari: “igipimo cy’inyungu gikoreshwa mu gushyira ku gihe inyungu zigomba kuzishyurwa uwahohotewe cyangwa abafite uburenganzira ku munsi wo gutanga indishyi

y’ibangamirabukungu. Icyo gipimo kingana nibura n’igipimo cy’inyungu y’ibitsa ikoreshwa n’amabanki.” [20] Igipimo cya Central Bank Rate (CBR) cyangwa Bank Rate mu bihugu bimwe, ubundi ni igipimo gikoreshwa na Banki Nkuru kikaba kigamije kugaragaza inyungu iyo Banki iheraho (kuguriza) andi mabanki amafaranga. Icyo gipimo igishyiraho igamije kugenzura no gukurikirana ikoreshwa ry’amafaranga, mu rwego rwo kurinda ifaranga1. Buri Banki Nkuru ishyiraho CBR yayo. Nko muri Amerika, CBR bo bita discount rate bayikoresha mu gushyira mu bikorwa politiki yabo y’ifaranga2. Iyo bashaka kuzamura umubare w’inguzanyo izindi banki ziguza muri Banki Nkuru, bagabanya discount rate, bashaka kuzigabanya bakazamura discount rate. [21] CBR mu Rwanda nayo ni ko ikoreshwa. Ishyirwaho buri gihembwe kandi ikagenwa hashingiwe ku ko ifaranga ryifashe (inflation) nk’uko bigaragara mu itangazo rya Banki Nkuru ryo ku wa 22/02/2024 rigaragara ku rubuga rwayo3. [22] Depositrate cyangwa credit rate yo ni igipimo cy’inyungu banki itanga iyo ibikiye abayigana amafaranga. Yo ishobora kugenwa n’amabanki cyangwa ikindi kigo kibika amafaranga,

1 Bank rate is the rate charged by the central bank for lending funds to commercial banks. Bankrates influence lending rates of commercial banks. Higher bankrate will translate to higher lending rates by the banks. In order to curb liquidity, the central bank can resort to raisingthe bank rate and vice versa. The Economic Times https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/bank-rate yarebwe ku wa 27/02/2024 11h33. 2 Central banks set their own bank rates. In the U.S., the discount rate is one of the tools the central bank—the Federal Reserve—uses to conduct monetary policy. A lower discount rate encourages banks to borrow funds from the Federal Reserve, whereas a higher discount rate makes it more expensive for banks to borrow funds. 3 Financial Stability Committee press release, February 2024: https://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=9.

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kandi iyo ifite igipimo kiri hejuru, bituma ubona inyungu iri hejuru4. Mu Rwanda naho Banki Nkuru itangaza buri gihembwe impuzandengo y’igipimo cy’ibitsa gikoreshwa n’amabanki nk’uko bigaragara ku rubuga rwayo, ariko cyo gihindagurika bitewe n’uko amabanki yandi abikiraho abantu amafaranga5. [23] Ibi biragaragaza ko ibi bipimo byombi binyuranye kandi bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. N’ubwo kandi bikoreshwa mu mabanki, Iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru rikoreshakimwe muri ibi mu kugena uko indishyi zitangwa mu bwishingizi zibarwa, akaba ari cyo kigomba kugaragazwa muri uru rubanza. Usomye iryo Teka, usanga Umushingamategeko yaragaragaje ko igipimo cy’ibitsa gikoreshwa mu kubara indishyi kigomba kungana n’igipimo cy’inyungu y’ibitsa ikoreshwa n’amabanki, bikaba bitandukanye n’igipimo cya CBR. Urukiko rukaba rusanga rero, Umucamanza yaragombaga gukoresha igipimo cyitwa deposit rate, kuko ari cyo kigaragaza inyungu y’ibitsa ikoreshwa n’amabanki, aho gukoresha igipimo cya CBR. [24] Ibi birahindura umurongo wari warafashwe mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, zirimo urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2021/SC Prime Insurance Ltd yaburanaga na Uwimanimpaye Jean Claude, urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2022/SC Kwizera Eric yaburanaga na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, n’urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2022/SC SANLAM yaburanaga na Uwihanganye, kuko muri izo manza hakoreshejwe igipimo cya

CBR. [25] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga igipimo cy’ibitsa cyagombaga gushingirwaho habarwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha Mukandayisenga Albertine na bagenzi be, ari ikigaragara ku rubuga rwa Banki Nkuru cyitwa deposit rate, cyanganaga na 7,609% igihe urubanza rwasomwaga n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma. II.2. Kumenya niba hari amafaranga SANLAM AG Plc igomba gusubizwa. [26] Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc avuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, indishyi zemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, zari kubarwa mu buryo bukurikira: 3.000 𝑋 30 𝑋 12 𝑋 39 𝑋 2/3 = 7.077.487 Frw 1+(7,609% 𝑥 39) [27] Akomeza avuga ko kuba urwo Rukiko rwarategetse ko SANLAM AG Plc yishyura indishyi zingana na 9.518.644 Frw byayiteje igihombo kingana na 2.444.157 Frw, agasaba ko Urukiko rwategeka abaregwa kuyasubiza sosiyete aburanira hiyongereyeho n’inyunguzinganana 185.755Frw zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 2.444.157 Frw x 7,609 % = 185.755 Frw.

4 A deposit interest rate is the rate of return a financial institution pays youon your deposits into its account. Interest rates can varyby financial institution, anda higher interest rate means youwill earn more money. Interest-bearing accounts can include savings accounts, CDs, money market accounts, andhigh-interest checking accounts. https://www.thebalancemoney.com/what-is-a-deposit-interest-rate 5213644#: ~ : text = A%20deposit%20interest%20rate%20is%20the%20rate%20of%20return%20a,you%20will%20ear n%20more%20money, Yarebwe ku wa 27/02/2024 saa 12h25 5 https://www.bnr.rw/browse-in/financial-market/money-market-interest-rates/monthly-interest-rates/, yarebwe ku wa 27/02/2024 saa 12h35

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[28] Me Ntaganda Isaie yiregura avuga ko nta karengane kagaragara mu rubanza kuri iyi ngingo, kandi ko nta mafaranga SANLAM AG Plc igomba gusubizwa kuko nta kosa inkiko zakoze mu kubara indishyi. Avuga ko no mu gihe urubanza rwaburanishwaga, SANLAM AG Plc ubwayo ari yo yisabiye ko mu gihe Urukiko ruzaba rugiye gufata icyemezo rwazashingira ku gipimo cy’ibitsa kizaba kigezweho, bityo ko kuba itagaragaza ikimenyetso gihinyuza igipimo cya 5% cyashingiweho n’Urukiko, ibyo ivuga nta shingiro byahabwa. Avuga kandi ko inyungu SANLAM AG Plc isaba itazihabwa kuko nta karengane abaregwa bayikoreye.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [29] SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko igomba gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikirenga yabazwe hashingiwe ku gipimo cy’ibitsa kitari cyo kuko hagombaga gukoreshwa igipimocya 7,609% aho kuba 5%. Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, igipimo cyagombaga gukoreshwa mu rubanza No RC 00154/2019/TGI/NGOMA mu kubara indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ni deposit rate ingana na 7,609%, bivuga ko Niyomukiza Bruno yagombaga guhabwa indishyi zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 3.000 𝑋 30 𝑋 12 𝑋 39 𝑋 2/3 = 7.077.487 Frw 1+(7,609% 𝑥 39 [30] Urukiko rusanga bigaragara rero ko SANLAM AG Plc yatanze amafaranga y’ikirenga ku yo yagombaga gutanga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Urukiko rurasanga Niyomukiza Bruno uhagarariwe na Kayitesi Laetitiaagomba gusubiza ikinyuranyo cy’amafaranga yahawe n’ayo yagombaga guhabwa abazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 9.518.644 Frw - 𝟕. 𝟎𝟕𝟕.𝟒𝟖𝟕 𝐅𝐫w = 2.441.157 Frw, aho kuba 2.444.157 SANLAM isaba, kuko harimo ikosa mu kuyabara. [31] Ku birebana n’inyungu z’ayo mafaranga SANLAM AG Plc isaba zingana na 185.755 Frw, Urukiko rurasanga itazihabwa kuko badasobanura ishingiro ryazo. II.

3. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza. [32] Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc avuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, asaba ko Urukiko rwategeka abaregwa guha sosiyete aburanira 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza ndetse na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [33] Me Ntaganda Isaie uhagarariye abaregwa avuga ko kuba SANLAM AG Plc ari yo yishoye mu manza nta n’impamvu yahabwa indishyi isaba, cyane cyane ko itigeze inishyura amafaranga Urukiko rwategetse, ahubwo ayatanzwe yashingiwe ku masezerano bagiranye. [34] Asanga ahubwo Urukiko rukwiye gutegeka SANLAM AG Plc kuba ari yo itanga 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuko iyo sosiyete ikomeje kubashora mu manza. [35] Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude avuga ko indishyi abaregwa basaba batazihabwa kuko SANLAM AG Plc ifite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo wayo aho waba uri hose.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[36] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [37] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka Me Ntaganda Isaie asabira Mukandayisenga Albertine na bagenzi be batayahabwa kubera ko ntacyo batsindiye mu rubanza. [38] Ku birebana n’amafaranga Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude asabira SANLAM AG Plc, Urukiko rurasanga afite ishingiro kuko itsinze urubanza. Rurasanga ariko ay’ikurikiranarubanza asaba ari menshi kandi atayatangira ibimenyetso, bityo mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko rukaba ruyigeneye 300.000 Frw na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, yose hamwe akaba 800.000 Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[39] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza Nº RCA 00032/2020/HC/RWG rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 16/12/2020, gifite ishingiro; [40] Rwemeje ko urubanza Nº RCA 00032/2020/HC/RWG rwaciwe n'Urukuko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 16/12/2020, ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba guhabwa Niyomukiza Bruno uhagarariwe na nyina Kayitesi Laetitia; [41] Rwemeje ko igipimo cyagombaga gukoreshwa mu kubara indishyi ari deposit rate cyanganaga na 7,609% cyagaragaraga ku rubuga rwa Banki Nkuru ku munsi w’isomwa ry’urubanza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma; [42] Rutegetse Niyomukiza Bruno uhagarariwe na Kayitesi Laetitia gusubiza SANLAM AG Plc 2.441.157 Frw nk’uko yasobanuwe haruguru; [43] Rutegetse Niyomukiza Bruno uhagarariwe na Kayitesi Laetitia guha SANLAM AG Plc 800.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka.