IMIRONGO SC FEBUARY - APRIL 2024

IMIRONGO SC FEBUARY - APRIL 2024

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Court Precedents - Date: 2024-04-04 - Collection: Supreme Court

Text

Page 1

1

IMIRONGO YATANZWE MU MANZA ZACIWE N’URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA

Page 2

2

ISHAKIRO

IJAMBO RY’IBANZE ...................................................................................................... 3 IMANZA MBONEZAMUBANO ....................................................................................... 7 IMANZA Z’UBUCURUZI ............................................................................................... 18 IMANZA ZIHARIYE ....................................................................................................... 26 UMWANZURO .............................................................................................................. 31

Page 3

3

IJAMBO RY’IBANZE

Page 4

4

Page 5

5

IRIBURIRO

Kumenya niba uwatewe ubumuga buhoraho n’impanuka agomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’izibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi (imirongo 3)  Uwangirijwe n’impanuka itamuviriyemo urupfu afite uburenganzira bwo kuvuzwa n’umwishingizi w’ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka (umurongo 1)

 Ibijyanye n’amasezerano y’ubwishingire bw’umwenda muri banki (imirongo 2) Kubyutsa urubanza mu manza z’ubucuruzi (umurongo 1)

Page 6

6

(imirongo 2)

Page 7

7

IMANZA MBONEZAMUBANO

Page 8

8

Igipimo cy’ibitsa gishingirwaho habarwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza n° RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 08/03/2024 haburana SANLAM AG PLC mu izina ry’Umuyobozi wayo na Mukandayisenga Albertine, Uzamukunda Emilienne, Mukandayiragije Espérance, Uwamahoro Denyse, Mbonigaba Jean Claude na Niyomukiza Bruno. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya igipimo cy’ibitsa kigomba gushingirwaho habarwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu.

Inkomoko y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 07/07/2018, ubwo imodoka yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SORAS Assurances Générales Ltd (ubu yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc) yagongaga Habumuremyi Alphonse bikamuviramo urupfu. Mukandayisenga Albertine, Uzamukunda Emilienne, Mukandayiragije Espérance, Uwamahoro Denyse, Mbonigaba Jean Claude ndetse na Niyomukiza Bruno basabye SALAM kubaha indishyi zitandukanye ku bwumvikane ariko ntiyabikora, bituma batanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma. Urwo Rukiko rwasanze ikirego cyabo gifite ishingiro, rubagenera indishyi. SANLAM AG Plc yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ivuga ko igipimo cy’ibitsa cyakoreshejwe n’Umucamanza mu kubara indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zagenewe umwana wa Nyakwigendera atari cyo cyagombaga gukoreshwa, kandi ko zatanzwe nta kigaragaza ko hari uwo

Page 9

9

nyakwigendera yari atunze kuko yapfuye akiri ingaragu. Yanavugaga kandi ko urukiko rwatanze amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe kandi nta bimenyetso byatangiwe. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwemeje icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ruvuga ko igipimo cy’inyungu y’ibitsa cyakoreshejwe cya 5% ari cyo cyari kigezweho ubwo urubanza rwasomwaga kandi cyagaragaraga ku rubuga (website) rwa BNR. SANLAM AG Plc ntiyabyishimiye isubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, igaragaza ko igipimo cy’ibitsa cyakoreshejwe ntaho kigaragara ku rubuga rwa BNR, isaba ko hakoreshwa igipimo cya 7,609% kuko ari cyo cyari kigezweho, aho gukoresha icya 5%. Mu kubisuzuma, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze inkiko zibanza zarakoresheje igipimo cya 5% cyitwa CBR (Central Bank Rate) aho gukoresha icyitwa deposit rate cyari kuri 7.609%. Urukiko rwemeje ko Mukandayisenga na bagenzi be bahawe amafaranga y’ikirenga rubategeka kuyasubiza SANLAM AG Plc. Ingingo z’itegeko umurongo ushingiyeho: - Ingingo ya 2 y'Iteka rya Perezida nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri biturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga; - Ingingo ya 22 y'Iteka rya Perezida nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri biturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga; - Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi.

Page 10

10

Umurongo watanzwe :  Igipimo giherwaho habarwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ibinyabiziga, ni igipimo cy’ibitsa (Deposit rate) gitangazwa na Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda.

Kumenya niba uwatewe ubumuga buhoraho n’impanuka agomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’izibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi.

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza n° RS/INJUST/RC 00004/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12/04/2024 haburana Radiant Insurance Company Ltd mu izina ry’Umuyobozi wayo na Murekatete Denyse. Ibibazo byasuzumwe:  Kumenya niba Murekatete Denyse yari akwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zishingiye ku bumuga buhoraho n’iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kandi yarakomeje gukora no guhembwa uko bisanzwe Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 20/09/2019, ubwo Moto yari ihetsweho Murekatete Denyse yagonganaga n’indi bikamuviramo ibikomere byamuteye ubumuga bungana na 43%. Murekatete Denyse yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze asaba indishyi zitandukanye zingana na 31.172.530 Frw. Urwo Rukiko rwamugeneye indishyi zitandukanye zingana na 23.389.872 Frw. Radiant Insurance

Page 11

11

Company Ltd yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ivuga ko Murekatete Denyse atari kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kuko yakomeje gukora no guhembwa, akaba nta hungabana ry’ubukungu ryamubayeho. Urukiko rwanzuye ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeza ko igomba guha Murekatete Denyse indishyi zingana na 18.391.223 Frw. Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yasabye kandi yemererwa ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 11/03/2024. Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yaburanye ivuga ko Murekatete Denyse atagombaga guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kuko yakomeje gukora akazi ke no guhembwa umushahara we, akaba ntacyo yatakaje. Murekatete we yireguye avuga ko Radiant Insurance Company Ltd idahakana ko yagize ubumuga bwa 43%, ko ubwo bumuga bwatumye adakomeza gukora akazi ke neza kuko byabaye ngombwa ko asaba guhindurirwa akazi agahabwa akatamuvuna, ko atagishobora gukorera kuri “terrain”, akaba yaratakaje inyungu yabikuragamo, ndetse akaba atanizera ko azageza ku kiruhuko cy’izabukuru akiri mu kazi. Urukiko rwasanze indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigamije kuriha ibyangijwe, zidahabwa uwatakaje akazi burundu gusa, ahubwo zigenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese, kuko ubwo bumuga bugira ibyo bumuhungabanyaho mu buzima. Rwasanze kandi indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba kuriha umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye (réparation intégrale) kandi zikajyana n’ibyo yangirijwe byonyine gusa, ku buryo ntacyo ahomba cyangwa ngo abikuremo inyungu y’umurengera

Page 12

12

(réparation du préjudice subi), ibyo bikagenwa hashingiwe ku rugero rw’ubumuga umuntu yagize rubariwe ku ijanisha. Rwasanze ndetse indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ziri mu byiciro bibiri ari byo gutakaza amahirwe y’akazi ku munyeshyuri wo mu mashuri yisumbuye, ay’imyuga, aya kaminuza cyangwa andi angana na yo ; ndetse n’ingaruka z’impanuka ku mwuga ku muntu usanzwe uwufite (incidence professionnelle), harimo : (i) kugabanyirizwa agaciro ku isoko ry’umurimo, (ii) imvune (pénibilité) mu gukora umurimo yari asanganywe no (iii) kubura amahirwe yo kuzamurwa mu ntera. Kuba Murekatete Denyse yaragize ubumuga buhoraho bwa 43%, nta gushidikanya ko ubwo bumuga bufite ingaruka zituma atakomeza gukora akazi ke mu buryo bumworoheye nk’uko yagakoraga atarakora impanuka, bityo akaba yaragombaga kubihererwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ndetse n’iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi. Ingingo z’amategeko umurongo ushingiyeho : - Ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida n° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ; - Ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko n° 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe z’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na Moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka. Jurisprudence : - Civ. 2, 9 novembre 1976, Bull. civ. II, n° 302

Page 13

13

Inyandiko z’abahanga : - Sous la direction de Luc Grynbaum : Assurances, acteurs, contrat, risques des consommateurs, risques des entreprises, éditions L’Argus de l’assurance, 7ème édition, 2020 -2021, pp 190-195 ; - Benoît Mornet, Conseiller à la Cour de cassation : L’indemnisation des préjudices en cas de blessures ou de décès. P 41 https://www.fac- droit.univ-smb.fr/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Referentiel-dit-Mornet- septembre-2022.pdf ; - Yvonne Lambert-Faivre, Stephanie Prchy-Simon : Droit du dommage corporel, systèmes d’indemnisation, Editions Dalloz, 8ème éd, 2016, p25, p 163 ss ; - S. Baeyens, L. Fagnart, C Jauman, Tableau Indicatif 2016, Union Royale des Juges de Paix et de Police, A.S.B.L., La Charte, 2017, pp 13-14 ; - Droit du Dommage Corporel, Système d`indemnisation, 3éd., Dalloz, 1996, PP. 182, 185, 193 ; - Joëlle Marteau-Péretié, Avocat en Droit Social. https://jmp-avocat- indemnisation.fr/le-préjudice-professionnel-perte-de-salaire- incidence- professionnelle.html#:~:text=L'indemnisation%20s'effectuera%20sur, des%20revenus%20d%C3%A9clar%C3%A9s%20au%20fisc.

Page 14

14

Umurongo watanzwe :

 Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigamije kuriha ibyangijwe, zikaba zidahabwa uwatakaje akazi burundu gusa, ahubwo zigenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese, kuko ubwo bumuga bugira ibyo bumuhungabanyaho mu buzima ;  Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba kuriha umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye (réparation intégrale) kandi zikajyana n’ibyo yangirijwe byonyine gusa, ku buryo ntacyo ahomba cyangwa ngo abikuremo inyungu y’umurengera (réparation du préjudice subi), ibyo bikagenwa hashingiwe ku rugero rw’ubumuga umuntu yagize rubariwe ku ijanisha ;  Uwari usanzwe akora, watewe ubumuga buhoraho n’impanuka, agomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kuko izo ndishyi ziri mu byiciro bibiri ari byo gutakaza amahirwe y’akazi ku munyeshyuri wo mu mashuri yisumbuye, ay’imyuga, aya kaminuza cyangwa andi angana na yo; ndetse n’ingaruka z’impanuka ku mwuga ku muntu usanzwe uwufite (incidence professionnelle), harimo: (i) kugabanyirizwa agaciro ku isoko ry’umurimo, (ii) imvune (pénibilité) mu gukora umurimo yari asanganywe no (iii) kubura amahirwe yo kuzamurwa mu ntera.

Urundi rubanza ruhuza n’uyu murongo wafashwe: Urubanza n° RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 05/04/2024 haburana Radiant Insurance Company Ltd mu izina ry’Umuyobozi wayo na Mukaneza Clarisse.

Page 15

15

3. Uwangirijwe n’impanuka itamuviriyemo urupfu afite uburenganzira bwo kuvuzwa n’umwishingizi w’ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza n° RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 02/02/2024 haburana Mukakimenyi Marie Claire na SANLAM AG Plc. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe:  Kumenya niba Mukakimenyi Marie Claire yaragombaga kugenerwa 5.265.000 Frw yo gukorerwa opération agaragara kuri facture proforma yatanzwe n’Ibitaro byitiriwe Umwami Fayisali.  Kumenya niba Mukakimenyi Marie Claire yaragombaga kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga. Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku itariki ya 19/06/2018, aho Mukakimenyi Marie Claire yagonzwe n’imodoka Toyota Hilux ifite nimero RAC 416 D yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SORAS AG Ltd yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc. Mukakimenyi Marie Claire yasabye SORAS AG Ltd indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka mu bwumvikane ntibyagira icyo bitanga, maze atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, rusanga ikirego cye gifite ishingiro, rutegeka SORAS AG Ltd kumuha 9.815.566 Frw akubiyemo ay’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, indishyi z’akababaro, indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga n’amafaranga azishyurwa amaze kwivuza mu bitaro byitiriwe umwami Fayisali. SORAS AG Ltd, yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko Urukiko rwageneye Mukakimenyi Marie Claire indishyi zingana na 5.265.000 Frw ahwanye n’amafaranga yo kwivuza ari kuri facture proforma na 432.000 Frw

Page 16

16

y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG Plc bufite ishingiro, rutegeka ko indishyi za 5.265.00 Frw zishingiye kuri facture proforma zivanyweho, runategeka ko nta n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga zigomba guhabwa Mukakimenyi Marie Claire, ruvuga ko imikirize y’urubanza n° RC 00168/2019/TGI/GSBO, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku itariki ya 15/11/2019, ihindutse ku byerekeye izo ndishyi. Mukakimenyi Marie Claire yasubirishijemo urwo rubanza mu mpamvu z’akarengane avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwanze kumugenera 5.265.000 Frw yo kwivuza kandi agaragara kuri facture proforma yahawe n’ibitaro hirengagijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko n° 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigendera ku butaka. Yavugaga kandi ko akandi karengane kari mu rubanza ari uko Urukiko rwakuyeho indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga yari yaragenewe ku rwego rwa mbere nyamara rwari rwashingiye ku bumuga bwa 40% bwagaragajwe na muganga. Mu kubisuzuma, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze mu rwego rwo kurangiza inshingano zayo, SANLAM AG Plc igomba guhita ikora ibikenewe byose kugira ngo Mukakimenyi Marie Claire avurwe mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kuva urubanza rusomwe, bitaba ibyo ikamuha 5.265.000 Frw kugira ngo abashe kwivuza ubwe. Rwasanze kandi uwo mubare uri mu rugero rukwiye rw’ibyakenerwa gukorwa hagendewe ku nyandiko yerekana ibiciro yatanzwe n’Ibitaro byitiriwe Umwami Fayisali nk’uko biri muri dosiye. Mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera, Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo cyo gusaba muganga wasuzumye Mukakimenyi Marie Claire kugaragaza niba nta bangamira

Page 17

17

ry’uburanga yasigiwe n’impanuka, maze arukorera raporo yerekana ko iryo bangamira ry’uburanga ryabayeho kandi riri ku kigero cya 5. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha Mukakimenyi Marie Claire indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga zibazwe ku buryo bukurikira: 3000 Frw x 30 x 12 x 100% = 1.080.000 Frw. Ingingo z’imategeko umurongo ushingiyeho  Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko n° 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka ;  Ingingo ya 13, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Perezida n° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ;  Ingingo ya 154, igika cya mbere n’icya gatatu, y’Itegeko n° 22/04/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi.

 Umwishingizi agomba kuvuza uwahohotewe n’impanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga yishingiye atabikora agatanga amafaranga nyirubwite akabyikorera ;

Page 18

18

IMANZA Z’UBUCURUZI

Page 19

19

4. Ibijyanye n’amasezerano y’ubwishingire bw’umwenda muri banki

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza n° RS/INJUST/RCOM 00011/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 08/03/2024 haburana Bugingo Claude na ECOBANK Rwanda PLC na Kadogi Jean Paul. Ibibazo byasuzumwe:  Kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubwishingire bw’umwenda watanzwe na ECOBANK Rwanda Plc yakozwe na Bugingo Claude afite agaciro;  Kumenya niba Bugingo Claude yategekwa gufatanya na Kadogi Jean Paul kwishyura umwenda yahawe na ECOBANK Rwanda Plc. Inkomoko y’ikibazo : ECOBANK Rwanda Plc yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi irusaba gutegeka ko yishyurwa umwenda ungana na 18.093.283 Frw n’inyungu zawo, indishyi zitandukanye, ndetse inasaba irangiza rubanza ry’agateganyo, aho ivuga ko yahaye Kadogi Jean Paul inguzanyo ingana na 9.000.000 Frw ku wa 12/08/2005, Bugingo Claude aba umwishingizi w’iyo nguzanyo. Yanavugaga ko wa 12/10/2011 iyo nguzanyo yavuguruwe, umwenda ukaba 18.093.283 Frw, ndetse impande zombi zumvikana ko uzishyurwa mu mezi 200 abarwa guhera ku wa 31/10/2011 kugeza ku wa 30/06/2028 hongeweho inyungu zibariwe kuri 16% ku mwaka. ECOBANK Rwanda Plc yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi irega Kadogi Jean Paul kutubahiriza amasezerano bagiranye. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko Kadogi Jean Paul yishe amasezerano, ko Bugingo Claude yabaye umwishingizi we ku nguzanyo, maze rubategeka gufatanya kwishyura umwenda ungana na 23.529.792 Frw

Page 20

20

akubiyemo umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka angana na 700.000, ingwate y’amagarama yatanze irega ingana na 20.000 Frw, na 1.000.000 Frw yishyuye umuhanga. Rwategetse kandi Kadogi Jean Paul kwishyura umuhanga ikiguzi cya 1.000.000 Frw, runategeka ko urubanza rurangizwa by’agateganyo ku birebana n’ikiguzi cyishyuwe umuhanga. Bugingo Claude yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko ari umwishingizi kandi atari byo, kuko amasezerano amugira umwishingizi yagombaga gukorerwa imbere ya Notaire, ariko ko yanze kwemeza umushinga w’ubwishingizi wari wakozwe, ko n’iyo amasezerano y’ubwishingire atateshwa agaciro no kuba atarasinyiwe imbere ya Notaire, yagateshwa n’uburangare bwa ECOBANK Rwanda Plc kuko yari yarahawe ingwate ku rwego rwa mbere, yagombaga kuvamo ubwishyu. Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, maze asaba ko urwo rubanza rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ubwo busabe burakirwa, urubanza ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Ibibazo nyamukuru byasuzumwe mu rubanza n’ibisubizo bishingiye kw’isesengura ryakozwe n’Urukiko, ni ibi bikurikira :  Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba inyandiko y’ubwishingire bw’umwenda watanzwe na ECOBANK Rwanda Plc yakozwe na Bugingo Claude ifite agaciro, Urukiko rwasanze amasezerano y’ubwishingire yasinywe na Bugingo Claude afite agaciro, kuko kwemera kwishingira bidakurikiza imihango yihariye, kandi bikaba bitarasabaga ko abandi bayashyiraho umukono kuko afatwa nk’amasezerano akozwe n’uruhande rumwe, ari narwo rugomba kuyashyiraho umukono.

Page 21

21

 Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Bugingo Claude yategekwa gufatanya na Kadogi Jean Paul kwishyura umwenda yahawe na ECOBANK Rwanda Plc, Urukiko rwasanze ubwishingire bwo ku wa 05/08/2005 butareba inguzanyo ivuguruye yo ku wa 11/10/2011, kuko Bugingo Claude atabimenyeshejwe ngo abyemere. Rwasanze kandi atategekwa gufatanya na Kadogi Jean Paul kwishyura umwenda kubera amakosa yakozwe na ECOBANK Rwanda Plc, yatumye atakaza amahirwe yari afite yo kuyisimbura igihe yari kuba amaze kwishyura umwenda. Ingingo z’Itegeko umurongo ushingiyeho : - Ingingo ya 42, igika cya 1, agace ka 3, y’Itegeko n° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano ; - Ingingo ya 555, 556 na 576 z’Itegeko ryo ku wa 30/7/1888 ry’urwuge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano ryakurikizwaga igihe rubanza rwasuzumwaga ; - Ingingo ya 4 y’itegeko nº 017/2021 ryo ku wa 03/03/2021 ryerekeye kurengera umuguzi wa serivisi y’imari. Inyandiko z’abahanga : - Philippe Simler, Cautionnement : Garanties autonomes Garanties indemnitaires, 5e Ed. (Lexis Nexis SA, 2015), p. 15 - Olha O. Cherednychenko, Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party : A Comparative Analysis of the Constitutionalisation of Contract Law, with Emphasis on Risky Financial Transactions (sellier. European law publ., 2007), p. 302 ; - Philippe Malaurie et Laurent Aynès, Droit des sûretés, 13e Ed. (LGDJ, 2019), p. 73-75, 89-90 ;

Page 22

22

- Arrêt du 3 juillet 1979 (arrêt de principe « Dame Museli c/ SCI Le Panorama » 3 Civ., 3 juill. 1979, n°77 15552) ; - https://www.ladocumentationjuridique.com/prestations/conseil-et- assistance-juridiques/1445601_application-de-la-loi-dans-le-temps Jurisprudence : Urubanza n° RCOMA 0138/12/CS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ku wa 16/05/2014, haburana Gaju na Access Bank, rwifashishije abahanga mu isesengura, mu gika cya 14-15 ; Imirongo yatanzwe :  Ubwishingire bugomba kugaragazwa mu buryo bweruye, ingano y’umwenda uwishingiye yemeye kwishingira, bitaba ibyo ubwishingire bugafatwa nk’ubutigeze bubaho.  Ingingo zose zirenganya rumwe mu ruhande rugirana amasezerano nta gaciro zigomba kugira kuko zitubahirije ubwisanzure mu masezerano bugomba kuranga abayagirana.

5. Ibijyanye no kubyutsa urubanza

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza n° RS/INJUST/RCOM 00009/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 15/03/2024 haburana SACCO Ifumba y’Ubukire na Uwimana Aljun, Mutimutuje Clémentine, Dusabimana Marie Louise, Nyiramajyambere, Nyirashyirambere Pélagie na Nambukirehe Jean Pierre. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe:  Kumenya niba ikirego cyo kubyutsa urubanza cya SACCO Ifumba y’Ubukire cyaragombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi.

Page 23

23

Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Uru rubanza rukomoka ku masezerano y’inguzanyo ya 2.488.500 Frw SACCO Ifumba y’Ubukire yahaye itsinda ryitwa Inzira y’Umurimo rihagarariwe na Uwimana Aljun, inguzanyo yishingirwa na Mutimutuje Clémentine, Dusabimana Marie Louise, Nyirashyirambere Pélagie ndetse na Nambukirahe Jean Pierre. Iryo tsinda ntiryashoboye kwishyura inguzanyo yose ryahawe, bituma SACCO Ifumba y’Ubukire itanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi isaba ko rwategeka Uwimana Aljun kwishyura 3.416.930 Frw akubiyemo umwenda remezo, n'inyungu zitandukanye, atakwishyura Urukiko rugategeka ko wishyurwa n’abishingizi. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko Uwimana Aljun agomba kwishyura amafaranga yaregewe, ariko ruvuga ko abishingizi bo batagomba kuwishyura. SACCO Ifumba y’Ubukire yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ariko rusiba urwo rubanza mu bitabo by’Urukiko ku mpamvu z’uko ari SACCO Ifumba y ‘Ubukire, ari Uwimana Aljun (bajuriye) ndetse n’abishingiye umwenda, nta n’umwe witabye Urukiko. SACCO Ifumba y’Ubukire yongeye gutanga ikirego muri urwo Rukiko, kigamije kubyutsa urubanza rwari rwasibwe ku wa 10/08/2020, ariko nticyakirwa kuko nta mpamvu idasanzwe kandi ikomeye yatanze. SACCO Ifumba y’Ubukire yasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, irabyemererwa, urubanza rwoherezwa mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo rwongere ruburanishwe. Me Nambajimana Jean Baptiste uhagarariye SACCO Ifumba y’Ubukire avuga ko akarengane kayo gashingiye ku kuba yarangiwe kubyutsa urubanza kandi yaratanze ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko impamvu Avoka wayo atitabiriye iburanisha ari uko yari arwaye, ari mu kiruhuko cy'uburwayi.

Page 24

24

Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze Me Nambajimana Jean Baptiste ataritaye uko bikwiye kuri urwo rubanza kuko atakoresheje umwete (diligence) wagombaga kumuranga, rugaragaza ko kutamenyesha Urukiko ku gihe (on time) repos médical cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso kigaragaza impamvu umuburanyi atari bwitabire cyangwa atitabiriye iburanisha yahamagajwemo mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko bigaragaza umwete mucye, kudaha agaciro urubanza ndetse no kutubaha Urukiko, ruvuga kandi ko bene iyo mikorere iha icyuho ikoreshwa ry’inyandiko zitavuga ukuri, bikanagira n’ingaruka zikomeye mu mitangire y’ubutabera. Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na SACCO Ifumba y’Ubukire cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza nº RCOM 00027/2020/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 31/01/2022, nta shingiro gifite, bityo ko imikirize yarwo igumyeho. Ingingo z’Itegeko umurongo ushingiyeho : - Ingingo ya 55 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Jurusprudence : - Mgobhozi v Naidoo NO & others [2006] 3 BLLR 242 (LAC), the Labour Appeal Court. - Sipho Emmanuel Mgobhozi v Rajah Naidoo Arbitrator, Durban Metropolitan Bargaining Council and Durban Metropolitan Council (Housing).

Page 25

25

Umurongo watanzwe :  Kudatangira igihe repos médical cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso kigaragaza impamvu umuburanyi atari bwitabire cyangwa atitabiriye iburanisha yahamagajwemo mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko bigaragaza umwete mucye, kudaha agaciro urubanza cyangwa kutubaha Urukiko, kandi biha icyuho ikoreshwa ry’inyandiko zitavuga ukuri kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mitangire y’ubutabera.

Page 26

26

IMANZA ZIHARIYE

Page 27

27

6. Ibijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kwemeza ko ingingo z’Amategeko Ngengamikorere zinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza n° RS/INCONST/SPEC 00002/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12/04/2024 haburana Uwombonye Hirwa Sudi. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe:  Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kwemeza ko ingingo z’Amategeko Ngengamikorere zinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Uwombonye Hirwa Sudi yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba kwemeza ko zimwe mu ngingo z’Itegeko nº 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda, rikanagena imitunganyirize n’imikorere byarwo, ndetse na zimwe mu ngingo z’Amategeko Ngengamikorere y’urwo Rugaga, zinyuranyije n’ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, kuko zigaragaramo kutareshyeshya abantu imbere y’amategeko. Ingingo yaregeye, ni izirebana n’ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kwinjira mu Rugaga rw’Abavoka, by’umwihariko izerekeye impamyabushobozi itangwa n’Ikigo gishinzwe kwigisha no guteza imbere amategeko (ILPD), kimwe n’izirebana n’ikizamini gitangwa n’Urugaga rw’Abavoka.

Uwombonye Hirwa Sudi yareze avuga ko kuba Abacamanza n’Abashinjacyaha batarasonewe kugira impamyabushobozi ya ILPD nk’uko

Page 28

28

byakozwe ku bari basanzwe ku rutonde rw’Abavoka n’urw’Abadefanseri igihe Itegeko nº 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru ryatangiraga gukurikizwa, habayeho kutareshya imbere y’amategeko. Avuga kandi ko Avoka nk’umuntu utanga serivisi, nk’abandi bose bakora imirimo yigenga (professions libérales), atagombye gukoreshwa ikizamini kugira ngo yemererwe kwinjira mu Rugaga.

Urukiko rwabanje gusuzuma niba rufite ububasha bwo kwemeza ko ingingo z’amategeko ngengamikorere zinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga, rusanga mu bubasha Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite, Umushingamategeko atarashyizemo kugenzura ko amategeko ngengamikorere anyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda.

Rwavuze ko mu gihe ibiteganyijwe mu mategeko ngengamikorere ari byo binyuranyije n’itegeko ashingiyeho cyangwa bikaba binyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga, uwo bibangamiye afite izindi nzira zo guharanira uburenganzira bwe, zitari ukuregera umucamanza ushinzwe kurinda iremezo ry’Itegeko nshinga, nko gusaba Umucamanza wese kudakurikiza amategeko ngengamikorere anyuranyije n’itegeko cyangwa n’Itegeko Nshinga, mu kirego yaba yashyikirijwe, kuregera indishyi ku mucamanza ubifitiye ububasha, mu gihe ashobora kugaragaza ko amategeko ngengamikorere anyuranyije n’itegeko cyangwa n’Itegeko Nshinga hari icyo yamwangirije no kuregera umucamanza ufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha imanza z’ubutegetsi, asaba kuvanaho ibyemezo byafashwe hashingiwe ku mategeko ngengamikorere anyuranyije n’amategeko cyangwa anyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga.

Page 29

29

Ku birebana n’ingingo z’Itegeko nº 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda, rikanagena imitunganyirize n’imikorere byarwo, hashingiwe ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza zitandukanye isobanura ihame ryo kutavangura, n’iryo kureshya imbere y’amategeko, Urukiko rwasanze zitanyuranyije n’ihame ryo kureshyeshya abantu imbere y’amategeko, bityo zikaba zitanyuranyije n’ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda.

Urukiko rwasobanuye ko Umushingamategeko yari afite uburenganzira busesuye bwo guteganyiriza icyiciro cy’abari basanzwe ku rutonde rw’Abavoka n’urw’Abadefanseri ingingo z’inzibacyuho zihariye kandi abona ko zikwiye, ashingiye ku gihe bari bamaze mu mwuga, ko kuba izo ngingo zitareba Abacamanza n’Abashinjacyaha bikaba bitanyuranyije n’ihame ryo kureshya imbere y’Amategeko. Urukiko rwasobanuye kandi ko kuba uwifuza kuba Avoka yasabwa gukora ikizamini mbere yo kwinjira mu mwuga, kugirango hasuzumwe ubumenyi bwe, mu gihe ibyo bidasabwa abari mu zindi ngaga z’abakora imirimo yigenga kimwe n’abakora imirimo isanzwe y’ubucuruzi, bitafatwa nko kutamureshyeshya n’abandi imbere y’amategeko, kuko imirimo bakora atari imwe.

Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Uwombonye Hirwa Sudi gisaba kwemeza ko igika cya 3 cy’ingingo ya 82, n’agace ka 50 k’ingingo ya 6, z’Itegeko nº 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda, rikanagena imitunganyirize n’imikorere byarwo, binyuranyije n’ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, nta shingiro gifite.

Page 30

30

Inyandiko z’abahanga n’ingingo z’amategeko umurongo ushingiyeho :  Professeur Pierre NihouL, Juge à la Cour Constitutionnelle de Belgique, le Contrôle Constitutionnel des règlements en Belgique, p.3,4,6 [consulté le 28/02/2024], https://www.const- court.be/public/stet/n/Le-Contr%C3%B4le-Constitutionnel-des- R%C3%A8glements-en-Belgique-oral.pdf  Article 84 and 85 of Gabon's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2011;  Art 117,121 de la Constitution de la République du Bénin https://cdn.accf-francophonie.org/2019/03/benin-constitution- 1990.pdf. Imirongo yatanzwe:  Mu bubasha Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite, Umushingamategeko ntiyashyizemo kugenzura ko amategeko ngengamikorere anyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda.  Amategeko ngengamikorere cyangwa amabwiriza muri rusange, aba agomba gushingira ku itegeko naryo ritagomba kuba rinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga. Mu gihe itegeko ashingiyeho rinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga, ni ryo riregerwa hashingiwe ku bubasha buteganywa mu ngingo ya 69, 1° y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko.  Mu gihe ibiteganyijwe mu mategeko ngengamikorere ari byo binyuranyije n’itegeko ashingiyeho cyangwa bikaba binyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga,

Page 31

31

uwo bibangamiye afite izindi nzira zo guharanira uburenganzira bwe, zitari ukuregera umucamanza ushinzwe kurinda iremezo ry’Itegeko Nshinga.  Kuba Abacamanza n’Abashinjacyaha batarasonewe kugira impamyabushobozi ya ILPD nk’uko byakozwe ku bari basanzwe ku rutonde rw’Abavoka n’urw’Abadefanseri igihe Itegeko nº 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda, rikanagena imitunganyirize n’imikorere byarwo ryatangiraga gukurikizwa, ntabwo binyuranyije n’ihame ryo kureshya imbere y’Amategeko.  Kuba uwifuza kuba Avoka yasabwa gukora ikizamini mbere yo kwinjira mu mwuga, kugira ngo hasuzumwe ubumenyi bwe, mu gihe ibyo bidasabwa abari mu zindi ngaga z’abakora imirimo yigenga kimwe n’abakora imirimo isanzwe y’ubucuruzi, ntibyafatwa nko kutamureshyeshya n’abandi imbere y’amategeko, kuko imirimo bakora atari imwe.

UMWANZURO

Kugira ngo intego yo guhuriza hamwe iyi mirongo igerweho, abagana inkiko n’abatanga ubutabera (Abacamanza, Abashakashatsi n’Abanditsi b’inkiko…) bakwiye kujya bayifashisha mu gihe cyose batanga cyangwa basuzuma ibirego bihuje imiterere n’ibyatanzweho umurongo.

Kubera ko umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko ushobora guhinduka bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye, abifuza kwifashisha imirongo yatanzwe n’Urukiko bakwiye kujya bihatira kumenya ibyemezo by’inkiko uko byagiye

Page 32

32

bikurikirana, kugira ngo binabafashe kumenya impinduka zabaye ku mirongo yagiye itangwa mbere.