SANLAM AG Plc v NTABOMVURA

# SANLAM AG Plc v NTABOMVURA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-02-09 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2022/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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SANLAM AG Plc v NTABOMVURA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2022/SC (Hitiyaremye, P.J., Muhumuza, Kazungu, J.) 09 Gashyantare 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ibirego bisanba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zo mu muhanda – Gusaba indishyi mu bwumvikane - Uretse igihe habayeho ikurikiranacyaha, uwahohotewe agomba, ku buryo budakuka, mbere yo gutanga ikirego mu rukiko cyerekeye indishyi zitangwa n'umwishingizi w'ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka, kwaka indishyi mu bwumvikane no kumuha inyandiko zose zerekana ko ibyo yaka bifite ishingiro. Incamake y’ikibazo: uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ikozwe na moto yari ifite ubwishingizi bwa SANLAM AG Plc aho yagonze igare ryari rihetse Ntabomvura arakomereka, bimuviramo ubumuga buhoraho bwa 45% nk’uko byemejwe na muganga. Ntabomvura yandikiye umwishingizi asaba ko yahabwa indishyi ariko arategereza ntiyabona igisubizo nubwo SANLAM yo ivuga ko yamwandikiye kuri e-mail imusaba gukora irindi suzuma (Contre- expertise) ariko ntiyaboneka. Urega yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye asaba ko yahabwa indishyi zinyuranye urukiko rusanga SANLAM itsindwa ruyitegeka gutranga indishyi zitandukanye. SANLAM yajuririye uru rubanza mu Rukiko rukuru ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwanze gutegeka ko Ntabomvura akorerwa contre-expertise kandi ari uburenganzira bw’umwishingizi; ko kandi rwamugeneye indishyi z’uburambe mu kazi nta murimo uzwi yakoraga ndetse rutegeka n’igihembo cy’Avoka cy’umurengera. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite Sanlam bituma yiyambaza inzira z’akarengane maze urubanza rwongera kuburanishwa n’Urukiko Rw’Ikirenga. Urukiko Rw’Ikirenga rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikirego cya Ntabomvura kitaragombaga kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe kubera ko atakorewe contre-expertise. Sanlam ivuga ko Ntabomvura yasabye ko habaho guhabwa indishyi mu bwumvikane hanyuma asubizwa binyuze kuri e-mail y’umuhagaririye ko agomba gukorerwa irindi suzuma ry’ubumuga yatewe n’impanuka ariko ntiyaboneka bityo ikirego cye gisaba indishyi kikaba kitaragombaga kwakirwa. Ntabomvura we asobanura ko yandikiye umwishingizi asaba indishyi mu bwumvikane ariko ntiyamusubiza ko n’iyo e-mail urega avuga yanditse we atigeze ayibona kandi nta n’ikimenyetso gihari kigaragaza ko yamwandikiye amusaba gukora contre - expertise. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uretse igihe habayeho ikurikiranacyaha, uwahohotewe agomba, ku buryo budakuka, mbere yo gutanga ikirego mu rukiko cyerekeye indishyi zitangwa n'umwishingizi w'ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka, kwaka indishyi mu bwumvikane no kumuha inyandiko zose zerekana ko ibyo yaka bifite ishingiro; bityo ibyo Sanlam ivuga bikaba nta shingiro bifite kuko yasabwe indishyi mu bwumvikane ntiyazitanga kandi ikaba itabasha kugaragaza ikimenyetso cy’uko yandikiye Ntahomvura imusaba gukora contre-expertise. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nta shingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 12; Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3; Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 3. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 16/06/2016 mu Mudugudu wa Muganda, Akagari ka Kimuna, Umurenge wa Rusatira, Akarere ka Huye, aho moto TVS RA 707 U yagonze igare ryari rihetse uwitwa Ntabomvura Marie Solange arakomereka, bimuviramo ubumuga buhoraho bwa 45% nk’uko byemejwe na muganga wo mu bitaro bya Kibilizi. [2] Ku itariki ya 07/08/2019, icyahoze ari SORAS, agashami ka Huye, yari yarishingiye moto yateje impanuka, yakiriye ibaruwa Me Nyiramongi Valerie yanditse mu mwanya wa Ntabomvura Marie Solange iherekeje dosiye isaba indishyi mu bwumvikane. [3] Ntabomvura Marie Solange avuga ko kuva icyo gihe yategereje ko SORAS imwishyura indishyi, abonye itagize icyo ikora, aregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye, asaba indishyi zitandukanye zikomoka ku mpanuka. SANLAM AG Plc (SORAS) yo yaburanye isaba ko ikirego kitakwakirwa cyangwa se iburanisha ry’urubanza rigahagarara kugira ngo habanze hakorwe umuhango w’ubwumvikane, ko ndetse urukiko rwategeka ko contre-expertise ikorwa kuko itakozwe kandi Ntabomvura Marie Solange yari yabisabwe. [4] Ku wa 20/10/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rwaciye urubanza no RC 00155/2019/TGI/HYE, ku bijyanye n’inzitizi yatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc (SORAS) yo kutakira ikirego cyangwa gusubika iburanisha kugira ngo ubwumvikane na contre-expertise bikorwe, rwemeza ko iyo nzitizi idafite ishingiro. Ibyo rwabishingiye ku kuba nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko Me Nyiramongi Valerie yabonye ubutumwa SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko yamwandikiye kuri email, imusaba kumenyesha Ntabomvura Marie Solange ko agomba kuza gukorerwa contre-expertise, kuva aho dosiye igereye mu Rukiko kugeza aho iburanishirijwe SANLAM AG Plc ikaba ikaba nta kimenyetso cy’uko uwo baburana ubwo butumwa yabubonye koko, kandi nyamara yari ifite umwanya uhagije wo gushaka icyo kimenyetso. [5] Ku birebana n’urubanza mu mizi, Urukiko rwategetse ko Ntabomvura Marie Solange ahabwa indishyi zingana na 7.415.994 Frw zose hamwe, ziteye zitya: • Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu: 4.304.059 Frw • Indishyi z’akababaro: 1.080.000 Frw • Indishyi z’ibangamiraburanga: 216.000 Frw

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• Indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi: 540.000 Frw • Amafaranga y’ingendo, kwivuza n’ibindi: 275.935 Frw • Igihembo cya Avoka: 1.000.000 Frw [6] SANLAM AG Plc (SORAS) yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rwanze gutegeka ko Ntabomvura Marie Solange akorerwa contre-expertise kandi ari uburenganzira bw’umwishingizi; ko kandi rwamugeneye indishyi z’uburambe mu kazi nta murimo uzwi yakoraga ndetse rutegeka n’igihembo cy’Avoka cy’umurengera. [7] Ntabomvura Marie Solange we yireguye avuga ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG Plc (SORAS) nta shingiro bufite, ko ahubwo bugamije gutinza ubwishyu, maze asaba amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka angana na 500.000 Frw ku rwego rw’ubujurire. [8] Ku wa 30/07/2021, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwaciye urubanza No RCA 00067/2020/HC/NYZ, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG Plc (SORAS) nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza n° RC 00155/2019/TGI/HYE rwajuririwe rudahindutse; ahubwo rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc (SORAS) kwishyura Ntabomvura Marie Solange indishyi z’igihembo cy’Avoka zingana 500.000 Frw ziyongera ku yo yaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere (7.415.994 Frw), bityo indishyi zose ziba 7.915.994 Frw. [9] Impamvu urukiko rwashingiyeho ni ukuba SANLAM AG Plc itaragaragaje ikimenyetso cy’uko Me Nyiramongi Valérie yakiriye kuri email ye ubutumire bw’umukiliya we Ntabomvura Marie Solange, bumusaba kujya gusuzumwa na muganga wayo kugira ngo hakorwe contre- expertise; bityo Urukiko Rukuru rusanga Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rutari gutegeka contre- expertise nyuma y’ibihe biteganyijwe n’amategeko. [10] Ku wa 23/08/2021, SANLAM AG Plc (SORAS), yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire isaba ko urubanza N° RCA 00067/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 30/07/2021 rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane. [11] Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga asaba ko uru rubanza rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amaze gusuzuma raporo yarukozweho, mu cyemezo cye N° 126/CJ/2022 cyo ku wa 22/08/2022, yemeje ko rwongera kuburanishwa, ruhabwa N° RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2022/SC. [12] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku itariki ya 08/01/2024, SANLAM AG Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude, naho Ntabomvura Marie Solange atitabye, Urukiko rufata icyemezo cyo kuruburanisha adahari kuko yari yararumenyeshejwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO

Kumenya niba ikirego cya Ntabomvura Marie Solange kitaragombaga kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe kubera ko atakorewe contre-expertise.

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[13] Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc (SORAS) avuga ko ku wa 07/08/2019 aribwo SORAS AG Ltd yaje guhinduka SANLAM AG Plc yakiriye dosiye isaba indishyi mu bwumvikane harimo na expertise ya consolidation yatanzwe n’ibitaro Ntabomvura Marie Solange yivurijeho ivuga ko yasigaranye ubumuga buri ku gipimo kingana na 45%. [14] Asobanura ko ku wa 14/08/2019, nyuma y’iminsi 7, SORAS AG Ltd yandikiye Me Nyiramongi Valérie imusaba kubwira umukiliya we kuzaza gusuzumwa na muganga w’umwishingizi mu rwego rwa contre-expertise iteganywa n’itegeko; akomeza avuga ko ubu butumwa yabwohereje kuri e-mail Avoka yari yatanze igaragara ku ibaruwa ye isaba indishyi, kuko icyo gihe hakoreshwaga e-mail kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19. [15] Ku byerekeranye no kuba mu nkiko zo hasi Me Nyiramongi Valérie yaraburanye avuga ko atabonye email yandikiwe na SORAS AG Ltd, Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude asobanura ko ikimenyetso cyerekana ko yayibonye atakizanye, ariko ko Urukiko rubaye rubifiteho impungenge rwabaha umwanya bakagishaka muri correspondances za SANLAM AG Plc. Yongeraho ko uretse gushaka muri correspondances, bahawe umwanya bashobora no gushaka ikimenyetso cya gihanga kigaragaza ko email Me Nyiramongi Valérie yayibonye, bakazabishyikiriza Urukiko. [16] Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude asoza asaba Urukiko ko mu gihe rwaba ruhaye ishingiro ikirego cya SANLAM AG Plc, indishyi zatanzwe mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane zingana na 7,900,00 Frw, SANLAM AG Plc yazisubizwa kuko yarurangije. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Ingingo ya 12, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko ‘‘urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda’’. Ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo, binahura n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko ‘‘buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana’’. [18] Ingingo ya 3 y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko: - “Uretse igihe habayeho ikurikiranacyaha, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 9 y'Itegeko N° 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye itangwa ry'indishyi ku bagize impanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga, uwahohotewe agomba, ku buryo budakuka, mbere yo gutanga ikirego mu rukiko cyerekeye indishyi zitangwa n'umwishingizi w'ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka, kwaka indishyi mu bwumvikane no kumuha inyandiko zose zerekana ko ibyo yaka bifite ishingiro, harimo n'inyandiko-mvugo igaragaza impanuka yakozwe na polisi”; - “Mu minsi mirongo itatu ikurikira iyakirwa ry'inyandiko zemeza impanuka zivugwa mu gika kibanza, umwishingizi agomba kumenyesha uwahohotewe icyemezo cye ku buryozwe bw'impanuka”; - […]

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- “Mu gihe hatabaye ubwumvikane ku buryozwe bw'impanuka, nibwo uwahohotewe ashobora gutanga ikirego mu rukiko”. - […]. [19] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Ntabomvura Marie Solange, abinyujije kuri Avoka we Me Nyiramongi Valérie, yoherereje SANLAM AG Plc icyo gihe ikiri SORAS AG Ltd dosiye ye isaba indishyi mu bwumvikane, SORAS AG Ltd iyakira ku wa 07/08/2019 nk’uko bigaragara kuri réception yashyizweho na SORAS Agence de Huye, ibyo na SANLAM AG Plc ikaba itabihakana. [20] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ubutumwa bwa email SORAS AG Ltd yoherereje MeNyiramongi Valérie ku wa 14/08/2019 imusaba kubwira umukiriya we Ntabomvura Marie Solange kujya kuri SORAS AG Ltd ku itariki ya 21/08/2019 kugira ngo asuzumwe n’umuganga wayo (contre- expertise), ariko Me Nyiramongi Valérie akavuga ko ubwo butumwa ntabwo yabonye. [21] Mu iburanisha imbere y’uru Rukiko, Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude uburanira SANLAM AG Plc yabajijwe niba hari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko Me Nyiramongi Valérie yabonye inyandiko yasabaga umukiriya we Ntabomvura Marie Solange kujya kongera gusuzumwa, asubiza ko ntacyo yazanye, ko ariko yiteguye kujya kugishakisha muri za correspondences za SANLAM AG Plc akazagishyikiriza Urukiko. Mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, Me UMUGIRANEZA Jean Michel waburaniraga SORAS AG Ltd itarahinduka SANLAM AG Plc naho yari yasabye Urukiko kumwemerera gushaka ikimenyetso cyerakana ko ubwo butumwa bwageze kuri Me Nyiramongi Valérie kuko uyu yabihakanaga1 . Nubwo atabyemerewe kubera ko byari igihe cy’iburanisha agatsindwa, no mu bujurire icyo kimenyetso ntacyo yagaragaje, bituma nanone yongera gutsindwa kuri iyo mpamvu y’uko nta kimenyetso yerekanye ko ubutumwa bavuga bwageze ku wo bwari bugenewe. [22] Urukiko rurasanga na SANLAM AG Plc, mu gukomeza gusaba Urukiko kuyemerera igatanga ikimenyetso cy’uko ubutumwa ivuga bwageze ku wo bwari bugenewe nyamara ikaba ntacyo yatanze, nayo ubwayo yemera ko email yerekana nk’ikimenyetso idahagije mu gihe uwo ivuga ko yayandikiye ahakana ko yayibonye. [23] Urukiko rusanga kuba Me Nyiramongi Valérie atemera ko yabonye email ivugwa, SANLAM AG Plc ariyo igomba kubitangira ikimenyetso ko yamugezeho koko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 12, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru n’iya 3 y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 naryo ryavuzwe. Kuba rero Ntabomvura Marie Solange atarakorewe contre- expertise kugira ngo ashobore guhabwa indishyi yasabaga, si amakosa ye nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, bityo ikirego kiregera indishyi kikaba cyaragombaga kwakirwa kigasuzumwa. [24] Hashingiwe ku mategeko ndetse no ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ikirego cya SANLAM AG Plc (SORAS) gisaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza N° RCA 00067/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku itariki ya 30/07/2021 nta shingiro gifite.

1Inyandiko-mvugo y’iburanisha ryo ku wa 16/9/2020 mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye, paji 6, handitse ko Avoka wa SANLAM yabwiye urwo Rukiko ko agiye gushaka ikimenyetso cy’uko Me Nyiramongi Valérie yabonye email ivugwa. Bivuze ko byaburayweho. Byongeye kandi kuburanwaho mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Nyanza, reba kopi y’urubanza rw’uru Rukiko, paji 3-4, ibika kuva 8-15.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya SANLAM AG Plc (SORAS) cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza No RCA 00067/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku wa 30/07/2021, nta shingiro gifite; [26] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza No RCA 00067/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku wa 30/07/2021.