SANLAM v NYAMINANI

# SANLAM v NYAMINANI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-07-01 - Case/document no.: RCA 00050/2022/HC/NYZ - Collection: High Court

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SANLAM AG PLC vs NYAMINANI N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00050/2022/HC/NYZ (Ndagijimana, P.J.) 09 Kamena 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’impanuka - Impanuka zo mu muhanda – Assurance responsabilité civile obligatoire (cyangwa assurance contre tiers) iba irebana no kuriha iby’abandi byakwangizwa ariko ikaba itareba nyirimodoka n’ imodoka ubwayo. Naho assurance ya sécurité routière ireba nyirikinyabiziga, abo bafitanye amasano na chaffeur wacyo. Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Amasezerano – Ingaruka z’amasezerano - Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yo mu muhanda yabaye ku wa 09/04/2021 igakorwa n’ikinyabiziga cyari gitwawe na Iradukunda ndetse cyari gifite ubwishingizi bwa SANLAM AG PLC (SANLAM) hanyuma igatera uwitwa Nyaminani wari wicaye inyuma muri iyo modoka ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 55%. Nyaminani yaje kwegera SANLAM asaba indishyi hanyuma imumenyesha ko indishyi atazihabwa kuko amasezerano avuga ko zizahabwa nyirikinyabiziga n’umushoferi wacyo bityo ko izo ndishyi zabazwa Iradukunda watwaye abantu inyuma mu byuma by’imodoka. Yaje gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga asaba guhabwa indishyi kubera impanuka yakozwe n’ikinyabiziga gifite ubwishingizi bwa SANLAM. Urukiko rwemeje ko SANLAM igomba kumuha indishyi zitandukanye rushingiye ko ikinyabiziga cyari gifite ubwishingizi butegetswe bw’abandi bantu bakangizwa n’impanuka itewe n’ikinyabiziga kishingiwe. SANLAM ntiyanyuzwe ijurira mu Rukiko rukuru ivuga ko hakubahirizwa amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yabaye hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc na nyirikinyabiziga mukugena indishyi zahabwa uwahohotewe n’impanuka. Urukiko Rukuru mu guca uru rubanza, rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubwishingizi hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc na nyirikinyabiziga yakubahirizwa mu kugena indishyi zahabwa uwahohotewe n’impanuka. SANLAM ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rujuririrwa rutegeka ko SANLAM ari yo yonyine igomba kuryozwa indishyi zitandukanye zose hamwe zingana 8,719,721 FRW kandi yari yarareganywe na Iradukunda airwe nyirikinyabiziga wari ugitwaye igihe cyakoraga impanuka. Ikomeza ivuga ko urukiko rwakwita ku masezerano yagiranye na Iradukunda aho SANLAM yatanga 3.000.000 FRW andi asigaye agatangwa na Iradukunda. Nyaminani yiregura avuga ko Ubujurire bwa SANLAM nta shingiro bwahabwa kubera ko mu masezerano yabaye hagati ya SANLAM na nyirikinyabiziga arimo ibice bibiri: ubwishingizi butegetswe ku by’abandi byakangizwa (assurance contre tiers) n’ubwishingizi bw’umutekano mu muhanda bureba nyirikinyabiziga, abo bafitanye amasano na chaffeur we, ko mu kubara indishyi rero Umucamanza yashingiye kuri assurance contre tiers kubera ko uwari wangirijwe n’ impanuka nta sano afitanye na Nyiri kinyabiziga. Incamake y’icyemezo: Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye bityo ibyo SANLAM ivuga bikaba nta shingiro bifite kuko abavugwa mu

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masezerano ishingiraho ni nyirimodoka cyangwa umushoferi we, abandi bantu bagirira impanuka muri iyo modoka ntibarebwa n’ayo masezerano. Ubujurire bwatanzwe na SANLAM A nta shingiro bufite. . Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigena amasezerano, ingingo ya 64; Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 12, 111, 152; Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/5/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3; Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 13, 18, 19. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RCOM00005/2018/SC, Prime Insurance Ltd na Kanssime, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12 Kamena 2020; RCAA 0003/13/CS, Nteziryayo na Rutabayiro, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31 Mutarama 2014. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga haburanwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 09/04/2021, mu Mudugudu wa Nyabubare, Akagali ka Mukinga, Umurenge wa Nyamiyaga, Akarere ka Kamonyi, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ubwo imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa TOYOTA PICK-UK DYNA, ifite plaque RAE 323 E yishingiwe na SANLAM A.G. PLC, yari itwawe na Irankunda Jean Claude, yakoraga impanuka igakomerekeramo uwitwa Nyaminani André ikamusigira ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 55%, SANLAM AD PLC imaze kugezwaho icyo kibazo ku bijyanye n’ indishyi ivuga ko zitakwishyurwa kubera ko uwo bishingiye ari we Iradukunda Jean Claude yari atwaye abantu hejuru y’imizigo kandi batarabyumvikanyeho mu masezerano bagiranye, ahubwo ko bishingiye nyirimodoka n’umushoferi we, bityo ko Nyaminani André akwiye kwishyura izo ndishyi na Iradukunda Jean Claude, Nyaminani André ahita atanga ikirego mu Rukiko asaba ko SANLAM AG PLC n’uwo yishingiye ari we Iradukunda Jean Claude bategekwa kwishyura indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka, kuri urwo rwego ruburanishwa Iradukunda Jean Claude adahari ariko mu myanzuro yashyikirije Urukiko ku munsi w’inama ntegurarubanza, yavuze ko atakwishyura izo ndishyi kuko yafashe ubwishingizi bw’abantu icyenda(9), barimo batatu (3) imbere na batandatu(6).

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[2] Urwo rubanza rwaraburanishijwe, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutegeka ko SANLAM A.G PLc ariyo ikwiye kwishyura Nyaminani André indishyi zose zategetswe muri uru rubanza, ko SANLAM A.G PLc, yishyura Nyaminani André indishyi mbangamirabukungu zingana na 5.731.321frw, indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 1.080.000frw; indishyi z’ibangamiraburanga zingana na 1.080.000frw; amafaranga y’ingendo angana na 100.000frw; Amafaranga 8.400 frw yaguzwe PV ya dosiye y’impanuka; 20.000frw y’ingwate y’amagarama; n’igihembo cy’avoka kingana na 700.000frw, yose hamwe angana na miliyoni umunani n’ibihumbi maganarindwi na cumi n’icyenda n’amafaranga maganarindwi na makumyabiri na rimwe (8.719.721 fr). [3] SANLAM A.G PLc yajuririye urwo rubanza ivuga ko hakubahirizwa amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 16/01/2021 yabaye hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc na nyirikinyabiziga gifite plaque RAE 323 E mukugena indishyi zahabwa uwahohotewe n’impanuka, Nyaminani André we avuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bwahabwa ashingiye ku byemejwe ku rwego rwa mbere, urubanza rwaburanishijwe Iradukunda Jean Claude adahari ariko bigaragara ko ahuje n’ urubanza. [4] Ibibazo bigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ibijyanye no: a. Kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 16/01/2021 yabaye hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc na nyirikinyabiziga gifite plaque RAE 323 E yakubahirizwa mu kugena indishyi zahabwa uwahohotewe n’impanuka. b. Ibijyanye n’ amafaranga y’ ikurikiranarubanza n’ igihembo cy’ Avoka. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 16/01/2021 yabaye hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc na nyirikinyabiziga gifite plaque RAE 323 E yakubahirizwa mu kugena indishyi zahabwa uwahohotewe n’impanuka [5] Me Rugemintwaza J.M.V Uburanira SANLAM avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaciye urubanza rujuririrwa rutegeka ko SANLAM ari yo yonyine igomba kuryozwa indishyi zitandukanye zose hamwe zingana 8,719,721 FRW (harimo indishyi mbangamirabukungu, izakababro, ibangamiraburanga, ibangamira burambemukazi ndetse n’amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe, igihembo cya avoka) nk’ uko bigaragara guhera mu gika cya 30-31 ku rupapuro rwa munani (8) y’urubanza rujuririrwa;ko ariko yari yarareganywe na nyirikinyabiziga Iradukunda Jean Claude ari we wari utwaye ikinyabiziga igihe cyakoraga impanuka nk’ uko bigaragara muri system ya iecms muri general information y’urubanza rujuririrwa, ko rero muri kopi y’ urubanza rujuririrwa harimo inege nyinshi zitandukanye kubera ko mu guca uru rubanza Urukiko rwashingiye ku marangamutima aho gushingira ku amategeko n’ibimenyetso kuko Urukiko rwirengagije ibisobanuro byatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc biherekejwe n’ibimenyetso bihuje na kamere y’ikiburanywa nk’ uko biteganywa mu ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ivuga ko:« Urukiko ruca urubanza rwaregewe hakurikijwe ibimenyetso bihuje na kamere y’ikiburanwa ». [6] Asobanura ko ayo marangamutima y’Urukiko atangirira mu kuba byonyine no muri kopi y’ urubanza higanjemo 90% by’ ibyo urega avuga gusa kandi SANLAM nayo yari umuburanyi

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ariko ibisobanuro byayo biri mu mwanzuro wayo, nibyavugiwe mu iburanisha bikaba bitanagaragara, ko mubyo Urukiko rwirengagije bishingiye ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso bikurikira: 1. Urukiko rwabanje gutegeka ko uzaryozwa indishyi zasabwaga n’uwahahotewe n’impanuka ari SANLAM AG Plc yonyine igomba kuziryozwa nk’ uko bigaragara mu gika cya 30 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa; maze runategeka ko indishyi zose hamwe igomba kuryozwa ari 8,719,721 FRW nk’ uko bigaragara mu gika cya 31 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, ko aha inenge irimo ari uko mu gutegeka ibyo ndetse mukugena uburyo izo ndishyi zizishyurwa aha Urukiko rwabanje kwirengagiza amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 16/01/2021 (insurance policy No. 090/123/4/033213/2020) yabaye hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc ndetse na nyirikinyabiziga cyakoze impanuka gifite plaque RAE 323 E; aho kuri page ya 2 yayo masezerano hateganywaga ko < Cette police couvre le conducteur du véhicule contre les dégâts corporels d’accident à bord du véhicule assure suivant les conditions générales, à concurrence des capitaux indiqués ci-après désigné: pour le capitaux suivants: en cas de décès …3,000,000 FRW; en cas de d’infirmité permanente totale c’est ……..3,000,000 Frw >> , ko ibyo bisobanuro bigaragara hose muri dosiye mu gihe cyo guca urubanza, Urukiko rwarenze kuri ayo masezerano yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko agomba kubahirizwa nta buryarya nk’ uko biteganywa mu ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano ivuga ko « Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. (…) Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya ». [7] Avuga kandi ko n‘ iyo urebye icyo Urukiko rwasobanuye kuri iyi ngingo bigaragara mu gika cya 20 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa usanga nta n’ ibisobanuro bifatika rwatanze nta n’ isesengura Urukiko urukiko rwakoze ahubwo rwashingiye ku marangamutima rutegeka ko izo ndishyi ugomba kuziryozwa ari SANLAM yonyine, ko nta kuntu rero Urukiko rwari kurenga kuri ayo masezerano y’ubwishingizi yabaye hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc ndetse n’ikinyabiziga cyakoze impanuka gifite plaque RAE 323 E ngo rutegeke ibitari muri ayo masezerano, kubera ko nyiri ikinyabiziga cyakoze impanuka Iradukunda Jean Claude na we yari ari mu baregwa kandi ari we wari utwaye ikinyabiziga igihe cyakoraga impanuka nk’ uko bigaragara muri system ya IECMS muri general information y’urubanza rujuririrwa, ko mu guca urubanza Urukiko rwakagombye gutegeka gufatanya uburyozwe maze rugategeka ko uruhare rwa SANLAM AG PLc rugarukira kubyo amasezerano ateganya maze ikaryozwa 3,000,000 FRW naho andi amafaranga arengaho akaryozwa nyirikinyabiziga cyane ko na we yari ari mu urubanza, kuburyo kubimutegeka byari kuba byoroshye. [8] Anavuga ko ku bijyanye n’ ibyakoreshejwe, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwategetse amafaranga ashingiye ku marangamutima aho rwategetse ko SANLAM igomba gusubiza uwahohotewe n’impanuka amafaranga y’ingendo angana na 100,000 FRW nkuko bigaragara mugika cya 31 cy’urubanza rujururirwa ariko mu bisobanuro Urukiko rwatanze bigaragara mu gika cya 25 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa ruvuga ko bahabwa 100,000 n’ubwo basaba 200,000 FRW, byumvikana ko bitari bishingiye kubimenyetso kuko no muri system ntakimenyetso na kimwe urega yaragaragaje gishimangira ayo mafaranga, bityo Urukiko rukaba rutarashingiye ku ihame ry’ ugomba gutanga ibimenyetso hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ingingo ya 12 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’ imanza z’ imbonezamubano, iz’ ubucuruzi, iz’ umurimo n’ iz’ ubutegetsi , ko iyo ubwayo ari inenge uretse n’ uko Urukiko rwari no gushingira kubiteganywa mu masezerano yabaye hagati ya SANLAM ndetse na nyirikinyabiziga gifite plaque RAE 323 E, mu rwego rwo kubahiriza ibiteganywa n’ ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N°45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano , ko nanone Urukiko rwirengagije ibisobanuro bya SANLAM

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AG Plc bigaragara mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa ndetse no mu myanzuro yiregura ahavugwa ko uwahohotewe Nyaminani André na we hari uruhare yagize mu mpanuka kuko na we ubwe yari yicaye muri karisori kandi hejuru y’imizigo mu busanzwe bibujijwe n’amategeko ari nabwo yahanutse akikubita hasi, ko rero iyo na we atajya kwicara hejuru aho hari risqué ntabwo impanuka yari kumugeraho, ko mubusanzwe kwicara muri karisori bibijijwe nkuko biteganywa mu ingingo ya 66 y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 85/01 ryo kuwa 02/09/2002 rishyiraho amabwiriza rusange agenga imihanda n'uburyo bwo kuyigendamo;bityo ko Urukiko rwari kubona ko hari uruhare mu mpanuka rwakozwe n’uwahohotewe n’impanuka na we ubwe bikaba bigomba gutuma hakorwa partage de responsabilité kuko bituma abafite uburenganzira ku ndishyi batazihabwa, bityo agasaba ko mu gukosora izo nenge Urukiko rwategeka ko SANLAM AG Plc ikwiye kuryozwa indishyi zihwanye na 3,000,000 Frw hashingiwe ku mu masezerano y'ubwishingizi yo kuwa 16/01/2021 yabaye hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc ndetse n’ikinyabiziga cyakoze impanuka gifite plaque RAE 323 E 2, gutegeka ko Iradukunda Jean Claude nyirikinyabiziga aryozwa indishyi zisigaye (zirengaho) arizo zihwanye na 8,719,721 FRW – 3,000,000 FRW = 5,719,721 Frw hashingiwe ku bisobanuro n’ ingingo z’ amategeko bagaragaje mu myanzuro. [9] Me Nkundiye Jean uburanira Nyaminani André avuga ko, ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG PLC nta shingiro bwahabwa kubera ko mu masezerano yo ku wa 16/01/2021 yabaye hagati ya SANLAM AG PLC na nyirikinyabiziga gifite plaque RAE323E ari we Iradukunda Jean Claude ari mo ibice bibiri(2) ari byo assurance responsabilite civile obligatoire (cyangwa assurance contre tiers itegetswe y’ iby’abandi wakangiza) na sécurité routière ireba nyirikinyabiziga, abo bafitanye amasano na chaffeur we, ko mu kubara indishyi rero Umucamanza yashingiye kuri assurance contre tiers kubera ko uwari wangirijwe n’ impanuka nta sano afitanye na Iradukunda Jean Claude, bityo rero ibyo SANLAM AG PLC yifuza ko Nyaminani ngo yahabwa indishyi zingana na miliyoni 3.000.000frw naho andi mafaranga asigaye akazishyurwa na Iradukunda Jean Claude bikaba atari byo kubera ko uwakomeretse ari we Nyaminani André atari we wari chauffeur wiriya modoka nk’uko na SANLAM ibyivugira mu masezerano yagiranye na Iradukunda Jean Claude. [10] Asobanura ko rero indishyi zose zategetswe n’ Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga zingana na miliyoni umunani n’ibihumbi magana arindwi na cumi n’icyenda na magana arindwi na makumyabiri na rimwe (8.719.721RFW) zikaba zigomba kwishyurwa na SANLAM AG PLC yonyine hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ ingingo ya 18, 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida N°31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n‘ibinyabiziga, ko ibyo bihura n’ ibyemejwe mu rubanza RCAA0049/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 25/11/2016. Uko Urukiko rubibona [11] Ingingo ya ingingo ya 18 y'Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ko , iyo uwahohotewe yagize ubumuga buhoraho buri hejuru ya 30%, kandi akaba akora umurimo adahemberwa, cyangwa se abamufiteho uburenganzira bakaba badashobora kwerekana umusaruro we nyakuri, ariko akaba yari arengeje imyaka 16 y’amavuko ubwo yakoraga impanuka, hashingirwa ku ifatizo ry’inshuro imwe y’umushahara w’umwaka

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muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko, iya 19 mu gace ka 2 y’iri Teka igateganya ko ibangamira ry’uburanga barigereranya bakurikije ikigereranyo cy’inzego ennye (4),ko iyo ari ibangamira ry’ubumuga buhoraho buri hagati ya 41% ariko ritageze kuri 75%, uwakoze impanuka ashyirwa mu rwego rwa kabiri (3), indishyi zabwo bazibara bafata umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko ugakubwa kuri 100% by’umushahara atahana buri kwezi, naho iya 13 yaryo igateganya ko amafaranga yo kwivuza, yo gushyirwa mu bitaro, yo kugura imiti, yo gutwarwa mu modoka itwara abarwayi, yo kongera kumenyereza umubiri, yo kugorora ingingo, y'ibyuma bikoreshwa, y'insimburangingo n'ay'ingendo zo kujya kwivuza arihwa n'uwateje impanuka cyangwa umwishingizi we, hakurikijwe ibiciro biriho mu Rwanda, ko kandi agomba kwishyurwa n'abo bombi, bamaze kubona inzandiko zibihamya. [12] Mu kugena indishyi, Urukiko Rwisumbuye ruvuka ko hagomba gushingirwa ku biteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rivuzwe by’ umwihariko mu ngingo zarwo zibukijwe haruguru , mu byo rwasobanuye harimo ko ku bijyanye no kuba SANLAM ivuga ko umuntu wakomeretse yari muri karoseri y’imodoka hejuru y’imizigo, kandi amategeko abibuza, ndetse ko no mu masezerano bagiranye hemejwe ko mu gihe umuntu yaramuka apfuye cyangwa agakomereka, hakwishyura miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000frw), ko ibyo bireba abagiranye amasezerano bonyinye nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigena amasezerano iteganya ko amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba Itegeko ku bayagiranye n’ uko mu gufata ubwishingizi haba hagamijwe kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatejwe n’amakosa y’umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga,ibi bikaba by’ umwihariko bireba ikibazo cy’ ingenzi mu bigize ipfundo ry’urubanza cyagarutsweho mu bujurire kijyanye no kwibaza niba SANLAM ari yo yonyine igomba kuryozwa indishyi zitandukanye zose hamwe zingana 8,719,721 Frw. [13] Ku kindi kibazo nanone kigize ipfundo ry’ urubanza akaba ari ikijyanye no kuba SANLAM yakwishyura amafaranga miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000frw) yumvikanyweho mu gihe haba habaye impanuka igateza urupfu cyangwa gukomereka , Urukiko Rwisumbuye rukaba, mu kugisubiza rwarasobanuye ko ari abavugwa muri aya masezerano ari bo nyiri modoka cyangwa umushoferi we, kuko ari bo babyemeranyijeho muri ayo masezerano ko ariko bitareba abandi bantu baba bagiriye impanuka muri iyo modoka kuko ari abandi bantu batagira aho bahuriye n’ayo masezerano , ko kandi Nyaminani André wakomerekeye muri iyo mpanuka ari undi muntu utagira aho ahuriye n’abavugwa muri ayo masezerano, ari nayo mpamvu SANLAM A.G Plc igomba kwishyura indishyi zose zisabwa na Nyaminani André. [14] Uru Rukiko rugasanga, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rubyemeza gutyo, rwari rufite ukuri , rukaba nta kosa rwakoze kubera ko ibivugwa n’ uburanira SANLAM ko hitengagijwe amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 16/01/2021 (insurance policy No 090/123/4/033213/2020) yabaye hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc ndetse na nyirikinyabiziga cyakoze impanuka gifite plaque RAE 323 E; aho kuri rupapuro rwayo rwa kabiri (2) rw’ ayo masezerano hateganywaga ko : “ Cette police couvre le conducteur du véhicule contre les dégâts corporels d’accident à bord du véhicule assuré suivant les conditions générales, à concurrence des capitaux indiqués ci- après désigné: pour le capitaux suivants: en cas de décés …3,000,000 FRW; en cas de d’infirmité permanente totale c’est...3,000,000 Frw “, ntaho bivuguruza ibyemejwe n’Urukiko ko ibyo bireba abagiranye amasezerano gusa, akaba nta n’ aho avuguruza ibisobanurwa n’ uburanira uregwa, uru Rukiko rusanga ari ukuri kuko agaragaza ko SANLAM A.G Plc yirengagiza ko amasezerano arimo ibice bibiri (2) ari byo assurance responsabilité civile obligatoire (cyangwa

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assurance contre tiers) itegetswe y’ iby’abandi byakwangizwa ariko ikaba itareba nyirimodoka n’ imodoka ubwayo na assurance ya sécurité routière ireba nyirikinyabiziga, abo bafitanye amasano na chaffeur we n’ uko uwari wangirijwe n’ impanuka nta sano afitanye na Iradukunda Jean Claude, ku buryo ibivugwa n’ uburanira SANLAM AG PLC ko Nyaminani yahabwa indishyi zingana na miliyoni 3.000.000frw naho andi mafaranga asigaye akazishyurwa na Iradukunda Jean Claude nta shingiro byahabwa. [15] Rugasanga rero , Urukiko Rwisumbuye ruvuga ko amasezerano aburanishwa na SANLAM AG PLC areba gusa abayagiranye rwari rufite ukuri uko biteganywa n’ ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 ryavuzwe binahura n’ ibyemejwe mu manza zinyuranye nk’ urubanza RCAA 0003/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 31 Mutarama 2014 n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga

haburana

NTEZIRYAYO

na

RUTABAYIRO1,

n’

urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM00005/2018/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12 Kamena 2020 n’ urwo Rukiko haburana PRIME INSURANCE LTD v KANSIIME2. [16] Uru Rukiko rushingiye ku bimaze gusobanurwa no kubiteganywa n’ ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko no 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/5/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana n’ iya 12 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi igateganya ko urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera yabibura uwarezwe agatsinda, rugasanga kuba uburanira SANLAM AG PLC atagaragaza ko Nyaminani André na we yarebwaga n’ amasezerano yavuzwe haruguru n’ uko mu gihe Nyaminani André atarebwa n’ ayo masezerano , kuko uru Rukiko rusanga ari na ko kuri , atanavuguruza ko SANLAM A.G Plc yishingiye ikinyabiziga yagiriyemo impanuka itaryozwa yonyine izo ndishyi, uru Rukiko rugasanga indishyi zabazwe zigatangwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ ingingo zavuzwe nta cyatuma zivanwaho. [17] Ibyo uburanira SANLAM A.G Plc avuga ko Urukiko rwari kubona ko hari uruhare mu mpanuka rwagizwe n’uwahohotewe n’impanuka na we ubwe bikaba bigomba gutuma habaho partage de responsabilité, na byo nta shingiro byahabwa kubera nk’ uko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yakorewe Nyabugogo ku wa 16/01/2021, ku rupapuro rwa 2 mu gika cya 1 cyayo agaragaza ko Iradukunda Jean Claude yari afite ubwishingizi bw’abantu icyenda (9), iyo modoka yishingiwe ikaba icyo itari yemerewe gutwara ari ibijyanye n’ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano na Peteroli cyangwa kwishyuza abantu atwaye3, Nyaminani André rero akaba yari mu mubare wemewe gutwarwa n’ iyo modoka nta n’ ikigaragaza ko hari urundi ruhare yagize ku buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose binyuranyije n’ ibiteganywa mu masezerano ku buryo byafatwa ko yagize uruhare mu mpanuka. Ku bw’ ibyo impamvu z’ubujurire zikaba nta shingiro.  Kumenya niba indishyi z’ ikurikiranarubanza no guhemba avoka zatangwa [18] Me Nkundiye Jean uburanira Nyaminani André avuga ko mu rwego rw’ubujurire Nyaminani Andre asaba guhabwa igihembo cy’ Avoka kingana na miliyoni imwe nibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000frw). 1 Icyegeranyo cy’ Ibyemezo by’ Inkiko, V. 2 – 2014, Ukwakira, 2014, p.65, 2 Byabunywe kuri: https://decisia.judiciary.gov.rw/rlr/ ku wa 08/06/2023. 3 “L’assuré déclare que le véhicule est utilisé au transport ou à la livraison de toutes marchandises à l’exclusion des produits pétroliers et de tout transport de personnes à titre onéreu’’.

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[19] Me Rugemintwaza J.M.V Uburanira SANLAM A.G Plc ikirego cy'ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa Nyaminani André ntashingiro bufite kubera iyo atanze icyo kirego afatwa nk'urega kandi urega afite ishingano zo kugaragaza ibimenyetso yibyo aregera yabibura agatsindwa, bityo ko atagaragaza amasezerano yagiranye na Avoka we ndetse atanagaragaza aho yishyuriye icyo gihembo asaba mu rwego rw'ubujurire, ko mu rwego rw’ amategeko agomba guhita atsindwa, kuko atanagaragaza amafaranga yakoresheje mu urubanza rwe, ko hashingiwe ku ihame rizwi ku mafaranga y'igihembo cy’ Avoka mu ubujurire hatangwa kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) y’ igihembo cy'avoka ariko kikaba cyaratanzwe ku urwego rwa mbere ko n’ iyo Urukiko rwabona ko akwiye amafaranga y'igihembo cy’ Avoka ku rwego rw'ubujuririre agomba guhita ahabwa 1/2 ihwanye na 250,000 FRW, ariko muri rusange akaba asanga iyo aza kwemera ko amasezerano akurikizwa izi manza ziba zitarabayeho, bityo SANLAM AG PLC ikaba isanga nta mpamvu yo gusubiza amafaranga y'igihembo cy'Avoka. Uko Urukiko rubibona [20] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe, iteganya ko:" Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe", iya 152 y’ iryo Tegeko yo igateganya ko uregwa mu Rukiko rujuririrwa ashobora na we kugira ibyo asaba yiregura naho ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/5/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo igateganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. [21] Uru Rukiko rushingiye ku bimaze gusobanurwa, rugasanga indishyi Nyaminani André agomba kugenerwa kuri uru rwego ari ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itanu (350.000 Frws) angana na kuri ½ cy’ igihembo cy’ Avoka bagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 33 y’amabwiriza no 01/2014 agenga ibihembo mbonera by’abavoka iteganya ko mu bujurire, avoka w’urega n’uw’uregwa bafite uburenganzira kuri ½ cy’igihembo cyumvikanyweho ku rwego rwa mbere kubera ko yakomeje kwiyambaza Umunyamategeko Ku bw’ ibyo imikirize y’ urubanza RC 00008/2022/TGI/MHG rwaciwe ku wa 28/07/2022 n’ Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ikaba ihindutse ku bijyanye n’ indishyi zigenwe mu bujurire. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na SANLAM A G Plc nta shingiro bufite. [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’ urubanza RC 00008/2022/TGI/MHG rwaciwe ku wa 28/07/2022 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ihindutse ku bijyanye n’ indishyi zigenwe mu bujurire. [24] Rutegetse SANLAM A G Plc kwishyura Nyaminani André indishyi zijyanye n’ igihembo cy’ Avoka zingana n’ ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itanu (350.000 Frws) yiyongera ku ndishyi yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere, kuva uru rubanza rubaye ndakuka bitaba ibyo agakurwa mu byayo ku ngufu za Leta.

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[25] Rutegetse ko amafaranga y’ingwate y ‘igarama yatanzwe mu kujurira ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.