SANLAM AG Plc v NZAMWITAKUZE

SANLAM AG Plc v NZAMWITAKUZE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-02-16 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2023/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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SANLAM AG Plc v

NZAMWITAKUZE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2023/SC (Cyanzayire, P.J., Muhumuza, Kalihangabo, J.) 16 Gashyantare 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Indishyi z’ikomoka ku mpanuka yakozwe n’ikinyabiziga – Uburyozwe bw’ikinyabiziga – Mu gihe nta ruhare ikinyabiziga cyagize mu mpanuka yabaye, nta buryozwe uwari ugitwaye yashyirwaho kimwe n’umwishingizi we. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 01/05/2017, Sebanani wari utwaye igare yagonze moto ifite plaque No RC 132 X yari itwawe na Makuza, biviramo Nzamwitakuze yari ihetse gukomereka. Nzamwitakuze ashingiye ku kuba moto yari imutwaye yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SORAS AG Ltd yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc, yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge arusaba ko rwamugenera indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka zingana na 9.630.969 Frw. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko icyo kirego gifite ishingiro, rwemeza ko SANLAM AG Plc igomba kumuha indishyi zingana na 6.603.044 Frw. Mu bujurire, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc nta shingiro bufite, naho ubwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Nzamwitakuze ko bufite ishingiro, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa igumyeho, ahubwo hakiyongeraho 108.000 Frw y’indishyi

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z’ibangamira ry’uburanga na 1.000.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibyatanzwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha Nzamwitakuze. SANLA AG Plc yagiye mu nzira z’akarengane, urubanza ruhabwa Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu iburanisha hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba SANLAM AG Plc yaryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’umunyegare. SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko yategetswe kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka kandi nta kosa uwo yishingiye yakoze. Nzamwitakuze yireguye avuga ko nubwo igare ariryo ryateje impanuka, moto yari imutwaye ari yo yamukubise hasi, kandi yari yarishingiwe na SANLAM AG Plc. Ikaba ntaho yahera yivanaho inshingano zo kwirengera ingaruka zatewe n’iyo mpanuka, cyane ko itagaragaza ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi agarukira gusa ku kuba ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe ari cyo cyaba kiri mu makosa kugira ngo umwishingizi aryozwe indishyi. Uru Rukiko rwasanze kugwa kwa moto byabaye ingaruka itaziguye y’uko kugongwa n’igare. Nta ruhare na rumwe uregwa yagaragaje moto yaba yaragize mu mpanuka yabaye. Mu gihe rero nta ruhare moto yagize mu mpanuka yabaye, nta buryozwe uwari uyitwaye yashyirwaho kimwe n’umwishingizi we, kuko ibyago byabaye kuri Nzamwitakuze wari kuri moto byatejwe n’iryo gare, ari naryo ryabazwa uburyozwe bw’ibyo byago. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gihe nta ruhare ikinyabiziga cyagize mu mpanuka yabaye, nta buryozwe uwari ugitwaye yashyirwaho kimwe n’umwishingizi we.

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Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane gifite ishingiro.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111; Itegeko-Teka No 32/75 ryo ku wa 07/08/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri, nk’uko yahinduwe n’Itegeko No 02/2002 ryo ku wa 17/01/2002, ingingo 3. Imanza zifashishijwe: Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney v SGF, RS/INJUST/RC 00019/2022/SC, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 02/06/2023. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 01/05/2017, ubwo mu gihe cya 18h30’, mu Mudugudu wa Nyarucyamo II, Akagari ka Gahogo, Umurenge wa Nyamabuye, Akarere ka Muhanga, Sebanani Gilbert wari utwaye igare yagongaga moto ifite plaque no RC 132 X

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yari itwawe na Makuza Léonard, bikaviramo Nzamwitakuze Thérèse wari uhetswe kuri iyo moto gukomereka. Nzamwitakuze Thérèse ashingiye ku kuba moto yari imutwaye yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SORAS AG Ltd yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc, yasabye iyo sosiyete ko bakemura ikibazo mu bwumvikane ariko ntibyakunda, bituma atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge arusaba ko rwamugenera indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka zingana na 9.630.969 Frw. [2] SANLAM AG Plc yireguye ivuga ko itemera indishyi iregwa kuko impanuka yabaye itaturutse ku makosa y’uwari utwaye Nzamwitakuze Thérèse kuri moto, ahubwo ko iyo mpanuka yatewe n’uwari utwaye igare wataye umukono we, bityo ko mu gihe nta kosa uwo yishingiye yakoze, binayivanaho uburyozwe bw’indishyi isabwa. [3] Mu rubanza No RC 00783/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 31/05/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze: i. Makuza Léonard wari utwaye moto yagushije hasi Nzamwitakuze Thérèse, agomba kuryozwa indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka nk’uko byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 2581 y’igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano; icyakora kuba yari afite ubwishingizi muri SANLAM AG Plc, iyo sosiyete

1 Iyo ngingo yateganyaga ko “igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyir’ugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse.”

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ikaba ariyo iryozwa izo ndishyi hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2602 y’igitabo cyavuzwe haruguru kuko iyo mpanuka yasigiye Nzamwitakuze Thérèse ubumuga bwa 35%; ii. Nta ndishyi mbangamiraburanga Nzamwitakuze Thérèse akwiye guhabwa kuko aterekanye ikimenyetso cyemeza urwego yashyizwemo ruhuye n’ubusembwa bw’umubiri yatewe n’impanuka. [4] Urukiko rwanzuye ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nzamwitakuze Thérèse gifite ishingiro, rwemeza ko SANLAM AG Plc igomba kumuha indishyi zingana na 6.603.044 Frw akubiyemo 4.007.572 Frw3 y’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, 432.000 Frw4 y’indishyi mbangamiramubano, 540.000 Frw5 y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, 623.469 Frw y’ibyakoreshejwe bitewe n’impanuka; 800.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, ndetse na 20.000 Frw yatanze ku ngwate y’amagarama y’urubanza.

2 Iyo ngingo yateganyaga ko “umuntu ntaryozwa gusa ibyangiritse kubera ibikorwa bye bwite, ahubwo anaryozwa ibyangijwe n'ibikorwa by'abantu yishingiye cyangwa n'ibintu ashinzwe kurinda.” 3Zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira:3.000 Frw x 30 x 12 x 35x35%1+(6,575% x 35)=13.230.000 3,30125=4.007.572 Frw. 4 Zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 3.000 𝐹𝑟𝑤 𝑥 40 % 𝑥 30 𝑥 12=432.000 𝐹𝑟𝑤. 5 Zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira 3.000 𝐹𝑟𝑤 𝑥 30 𝑥 6=540.000 𝐹𝑟𝑤.

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[5] SANLAM AG Plc yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru ivuga ko umwishingizi yishyura gusa igihe uwo yishingiye ari we uri mu makosa, bityo ko kuba uwishingiwe nta kosa yakoze nta n’indishyi igomba kuryozwa, ahubwo ko izo ndishyi zakaryojwe uwateje impanuka. Ibyo SANLAM AG Plc ibishingira ku ibaruwa yo ku wa 20/06/2018 yanditse isubiza iyari yanditswe na Nzamwitakuze Thérèse yo ku wa 09/03/2018, ndetse n’inyandiko ya Polisi igaragaza uburyo impanuka yagenze n’icyayiteye. Nzamwitakuze Thérèse yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba Urukiko Rukuru ko rwamugenera indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga atahawe. [6] Mu rubanza No RCA 00295/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 18/06/2020, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze: i. N’ubwo uwari utwaye igare ariwe wateje impanuka, Atari we watuye hasi Nzamwitakuze Thérèse, kuko ibyo byakozwe n’uwari utwaye moto kandi ikaba yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SANLAM AG Plc; ii. Ntaho SANLAM AG Plc yahera yivanaho inshingano cyangwa ngo yirengagize ingaruka zatewe n’iyo mpanuka cyane ko itagaragaza ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yari ifitanye n’uwari utwaye moto yagarukiraga gusa ku kuba ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe ari cyo kiri mu makosa; iii. Kuba Nzamwitakuze Thérèse yaragushijwe hasi na moto ifite plaque no RC 132 X kandi iyo moto ikaba yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SANLAM AG Plc bihagije kugira ngo iryozwe ingaruka

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zatewe n’impanuka; noneho nyuma yakumva hari undi ugomba kubiryozwa, ikabona gukurikirana uwari utwaye igare ryateje impanuka hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 258 y’igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano; iv. Nzamwitakuze Thérèse agomba kwishyurwa 108.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga kuko yazitangiye ibimenyetso. [7] Urukiko rwanzuye ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc nta shingiro bufite, naho ubwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Nzamwitakuze Thérèse ruvuga ko bufite ishingiro, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza No RC 00783/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 31/05/2019 igumyeho, ahubwo hakiyongeraho 108.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga na 1.000.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibyatanzwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha Nzamwitakuze Thérèse. [8] Ku wa 03/07/2020, SANLAM AG Plc yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire isaba ko urubanza No RCA 00295/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 18/06/2020, rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane. Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo, maze mu cyemezo No 176/CJ/2022 cyo ku wa 01/09/2022, yemeza ko rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. [9] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 10/01/2024, SANLAM AG Plc ihagarariwe na Me

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Niyindora Nsengiyumva na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément, naho Nzamwitakuze Thérèse ahagarariwe na Me Nsabayezu Evariste, ababuranyi bajya impaka ku bibazo bitatu bikurikira: a. Kumenya niba SANLAM AG Plc yaryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’umunyegare. b. Kumenya niba Nzamwitakuze Thérèse yategekwa gusubiza amafaranga yose yishyuwe. c. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO

BIGIZE URUBANZA II.1. Kumenya niba SANLAM AG Plc yaryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’umunyegare [10] Me Niyindora Nsengiyumva na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément bahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko ibyemezo byafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza no RCA 00295/2019/HC/KIG rusabirwa gusubirwamo, byaranzwe no kwivuguruza kuko rwategetse SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka kandi nta kosa uwo yishingiye yakoze, rurongera ruvuga ko uwari utwaye igare yari kuryozwa ingaruka zatewe n’impanuka ari uko iryo gare rigonze Nzamwitakuze Thérèse.

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[11] Basobanura ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaremeje ko Sebanani Gilbert wari utwaye igare ariwe wateje impanuka, nyuma rukongera rukemeza ko SANLAM AG Plc ariyo igomba kwishyura indishyi rushingiye gusa ku kuba moto yakubise hasi Nzamwitakuze Thérèse yari ifite ubwishingizi muri iyo sosiyete; byerekana ko Urukiko rwafashe icyo cyemezo rushaka kugaragaza ko habayeho impanuka ebyiri, rwirengagiza ko kuba uwari utwaye igare yarabisikanye nabi ari byo byateye impanuka mu buryo butaziguye (la cause immédiate et directe de l’accident), bigatuma Nzamwitakuze Thérèse yitura hasi, agakomereka. [12] Bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ko umwishingizi yishyura indishyi zishingiye ku buryozwe bwatewe n’amakosa atagambiriwe y’uwo yishingiye wenyine. Bavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwafashe uwari utwaye moto nk’uryozwa ko yagonzwe n’igare, rutabanje gusuzuma niba nta kosa cyangwa uburangare yagize muri iyo mpanuka. Bongeraho ko impamvu SANLAM AG Plc itari kuryozwa ibyangijwe n’uwo itishingiye, ari uko yishingira ibyago uwishingiwe yateye abandi atabigendereye, ariko ko itishingira ibyago abandi bateza uwishingiwe. [13] Bakomeza bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ko kugira ngo umwishingizi yishyure indishyi, ari uko uburyozwe bw’uwishingiwe bugomba kuba bwagaragajwe, bivuze ko uburyozwe bw’umwishingizi budashobora kurenga amakosa yatewe n’uwo yishingiye, ngo bugere no ku byangijwe n’uwo atishingiye, nk’uko bihura n’ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 2

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y’Itegeko-Teka No 32/75 ryo ku wa 07/08/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri6 ryakoreshwaga ubwo impanuka yabaga, ndetse bigashimangirwa n’ingingo ya mbere y’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi (police d’assurance ya SANLAM). [14] Bavuga ko kuba Sebanani Gilbert yarakoze amakosa yabaye intandaro yo kugwa kwa Nzamwitakuze Thérèse bikamuviramo kuvunika ukuboko, bitaryozwa umwishingizi, ahubwo ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarabonye ko impanuka yatewe n’igare ubwabyo byari bihagije kugira ngo rwemeze ko nta n’indishyi SANLAM AG Plc ikwiye kuryozwa. [15] Bavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rutari gushingira ku ihame rya action subrogatoire ngo rwemeze ko SANLAM AG Plc igomba kwishyura indishyi, nyuma igakurikirana uwateje impanuka mu mwanya w’uwo yari yishingiye, kuko uwo yishingiye nta nshingano yari afite yo kwishyura indishyi kuko atari we

6 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “Ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri byemerewe gusa kugenda mu muhanda nyabagendwa, ahantu rubanda rwemerewe kunyura n’ahantu hatari aha rusange ariko abantu bamwe na bamwe bafite uburenganzira bwo kunyura, iyo uburyozwe bushobora kuba bwabaturukaho bwishingiwe, hakurikijwe ibivugwa muri iri tegeko-teka.” Les véhicules automoteurs ne sont admis à circuler sur la voie publique, sur les terrains ouverts au public et sur les terrains non publics mais ouverts à un certain nombre de personnes ayant droit de les fréquenter, que si la responsabilité civile à laquelle ils peuvent donner lieu est couverte par une assurance conforme aux dispositions du présent décret-loi N° 32/75 du 07 aout 1975 relatif à l’assurance obligatoire de la responsabilité civile en matière de véhicule automoteurs.

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wateje impanuka, bityo ko n’umwishingizi nta nshingano yagira yo kwishyura. [16] Basobanura ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 1287 y’Itegeko No 030/2021 ryo ku wa 30/06/2021 rigenga imitunganyirize y’umurimo w’ubwishingizi, basanga Urukiko Rukuru rutari gutegeka SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura igihombo cyatewe na Sebanani Gilbert wari utwaye igare kuko atari umufatabwishingizi cyangwa umugenerwabwishingizi wayo, ko hakomeje kugenderwa kuri uwo murongo byaba bisobanuye ko uwo ariwe wese waba nyirabayazana w’impanuka mu muhanda, ibigo by’ubwishingizi byategekwa kwishyura ibyo yangije hatitawe ku kureba niba uwakoze ikosa yari yarishingiwe, binasobanuye ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ntacyo yaba akimaze, ndetse n’umurimo w’ubwishingizi ukaba utashoboka. [17] Me Nsabayezu Evariste wunganira Nzamwitakuze Thérèse yireguye avuga ko ibimaze kuvugwa n’ababuranira SANLAM AG Plc nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa, kuko n’ubwo igare ariryo ryateje impanuka, moto yari imutwaye ari yo yamukubise hasi, kandi yari yarishingiwe na SANLAM AG Plc. Asobanura ko kuba moto yari imuhetse ari yo yamuteje impanuka yamuviriyemo no gukomereka, ntaho SANLAM AG Plc yahera yivanaho inshingano zo kwirengera ingaruka

7 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “iyo ikigo cy’ubwishingizi cyishyuye indishyi hakurikijwe amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’indishyi, cyemerewe gukoresha uburenganzira bwo gusimbura mu kwishyuza uryozwa igihombo cyangwa ibyangiritse, ku rugero cyishyuriyeho umufatabwishingizi cyangwa umugenerwabwishingizi.” […]

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zatewe n’iyo mpanuka, cyane ko itagaragaza ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi agarukira gusa ku kuba ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe ari cyo cyaba kiri mu makosa kugira ngo umwishingizi aryozwe indishyi. [18] Avuga ko

SANLAM AG Plc idakwiye kwirengagiza ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ategeka umwishingizi kwishyura ibyangijwe n’ikinyabiziga yishingiye, ikajya mu mwanya w’uwishingiwe mu burenganzira yakabaye afite bwo gukurikirana uwateje impanuka (subrogation), ari nabyo bihita biha SANLAM AG Plc inshingano zo kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yaviriyemo Nzamwitakuze Thérèse ubumuga, nyuma mu gihe yaba ibikeneye ikikurikiranira uwari utwaye igare ryagonze moto. [19] Asobanura ko igingo ya 1 ya Police d’Assurance Automobile, ivuga ko umwishingizi afite inshingano zo kwishyura indishyi zijyanye n’ibyo ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe gishobora guteza cyangwa kwangiza. “Par le présent contrat, la société couvre, aux conditions ci-après indiquées, la responsabilité civile de l’Assuré du chef des dommages causés au Rwanda par le véhicule automoteur désigné aux conditions particulieres”. [20] Avuga kandi ko ashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 28 y’Itegeko no 41/2001 ryo ku wa

8 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “indishyi zivugwa kuva mu ngingo ya 4 kugeza kuya 10 z’iri tegeko zigabanywa hakurikije uruhare uwangirijwe yagize mu mpanuka yabaye. Ikosa ry’uwangirijwe ntirimwemerera uruhare ku ndishyi cyangwa abafite uburenganzira ku bintu bye”.

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19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, asanga uwo aburanira nta ruhare yagize mu kugwa kwe, kuko moto yari imuhetse ariyo yamutuye hasi kandi yari ifite inshingano yo kumugeza aho ajya amahoro, kabone nubwo igare ari ryo ryabaye intandaro y’iyo mpanuka. Kuba rero SANLAM AG Plc ari yo yari yishingiye iyo moto, ikwiriye no kuryozwa indishyi hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 258 ndetse n’iya 260 z’igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano; rukanemeza ko nta karengane kagaragara mu rubanza No RCA 00295/2019/HC/KIG rwasabiwe gusubirwamo.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Mu gusuzuma iki kibazo, ni ngombwa gusesengura ibyishingirwa mu bwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri (responsabilité civile obligatoire en matière de véhicule automoteurs), kugira ngo harebwe niba koko SANLAM AG Plc yaragombaga kuryozwa ibyago (dommage) bikomoka ku mpanuka yatejwe n’umunyegare. [22] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko-Teka No 32/75 ryo ku wa 07/08/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri, nk’uko yahinduwe n’Itegeko No 02/2002 ryo ku wa 17/01/2002, mu gika cya 2, igira iti: “Ubwishingizi bugomba kwishingira ibyago biba ku bantu no ku bintu biturutse ku mpamvu zabereye mu Rwanda. Bugomba kwishingira ibyago biba ku bantu bari bahetswe

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n’ibinyabiziga ku mpamvu izo ari zo zose, mu gihe icyo kinyabiziga cyateje ibyo byago. Ibintu bihetswe n’ikinyabiziga bishobora kutabarirwa mu bwishingizi habayeho amasezerano yihariye.”9 [23] Ingingo ya mbere y’amasezerano rusange y’ubwishingizi (Conditions Générales) SANLAM AG Plc (yitwaga

SORAS AG Ltd) yakoreshaga igihe cy’impanuka, ivuga ko sosiyete yishingira ibyago byatejwe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe.10 [24] Mu rubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00019/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 02/06/2023, haburana Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney n’Ikigega Cyihariye cy’Ingoboka ku bwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bw’impanuka z’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bigendera ku butaka n’izikomoka ku nyamaswa (SGF), Urukiko rwifashishije ibisobanuro by’Abahanga mu mategeko, rwagaragaje ko uburyozwe busobanurwa nk’inshingano zo kwishyura ibyo umuntu yangirije undi, naho ubwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bugasobanurwa nk’ubwishingizi bugamije kwishyurira uwishingiwe ibyo yakurikiranwaho n’abo yangirije.11 Urukiko rwasobanuye kandi ko uwangirijwe ari we ugomba kugaragaza uruhare rw’uwo avuga wamwangirije.12

9 Iri tegeko ni ryo ryakurikizwaga igihe impanuka yabaga. 10 “Par le présent contrat, la Société couvre, aux conditions ci-après indiquées, la responsabilité civile de l‘Assuré du chef des dommages causés au Rwanda par le véhicule automoteur désigné aux conditions particulières”. 11 Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00019/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 02/06/2023, igika cya 24. 12 Ibidem

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[25] Ibimaze kuvugwa bigaragaza ko icyishingirwa ari ibyago byatejwe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe. Kugira ngo rero umwishingizi yishyurire uwo yishingiye, ni ngombwa ko habanza kugaragazwa ko uwishingiwe ari we wateje ibyago; uwangirijwe akaba ari we ufite inshingano zo kubigaragaza. [26] Muri uru rubanza, ababuranyi bombi bemeranya ko umunyegare ari we wateje impanuka yagushije moto, nk’uko binagaragara mu nyandikomvugo y’uburyo impanuka yagenze yakozwe na Polisi. Icyo batumvikanaho ni uwateje ibyago Nzamwitakuze Thérèse yagize ubwo yari ahetswe kuri moto. [27] Sebanani Gilbert wari utwaye igare ni we wagonze moto yari itwawe na Makuza Leonard. Inyandikomvugo ya polisi igaragaza ko impanuka yatewe n’inyuranaho ribi ryakozwe na Sebanani Gilbert wataye umukono we akajya mu mukono utari uwe, akagonga moto babisikanaga, bigatuma hakomereka umugenzi wari utwawe kuri moto. Iyi raporo nta na hamwe igaragaza ko moto yaba yaragize uburangare, umuvuduko ukabije cyangwa ikindi cyaba cyarayiteye kugwa, ndetse nta n’umuburanyi ushidikanya ku bivugwa muri raporo ya polisi. [28] Hakurikijwe ibimaze kugaragazwa, kugwa kwa moto byabaye ingaruka itaziguye y’uko kugongwa n’igare. Nta ruhare na rumwe uregwa yagaragaje moto yaba yaragize mu mpanuka yabaye. Mu gihe rero nta ruhare moto yagize mu mpanuka yabaye, nta buryozwe uwari uyitwaye yashyirwaho kimwe n’umwishingizi we, kuko ibyago byabaye kuri Nzamwitakuze Thérèse wari

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kuri moto byatejwe n’iryo gare, ari naryo ryabazwa uburyozwe bw’ibyo byago. [29] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe, Urukiko rurasanga SANLAM AG Plc itaryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’umunyegare. II.2. Kumenya niba Nzamwitakuze Thérèse yategekwa gusubiza amafaranga yose yishyuwe. [30] Me Niyindora Nsengiyumva na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément bahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko mu gihe Urukiko rwasanga Sosiyete baburanira itaragombaga kuryozwa indishyi, rwategeka Nzamwitakuze Thérèse gusubiza SANLAM AG Plc 7.731.044 Frw yishyuwe harangizwa urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo nk’uko agaragazwa n’inyemezabwishyu yo ku wa 23/07/2020. [31] Me Nsabayezu Evariste uhagarariye Nzamwitakuze Thérèse avuga ko asanga nta mpamvu n’imwe Urukiko rwashingiraho rumutegeka gusubiza indishyi yishyuwe, kuko nta makosa cyangwa amategeko yirengagijwe ubwo yagenerwaga izo ndishyi yahawe.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [32] Ingingo ya 3, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko-Teka No 32/75 ryo ku wa 07/08/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri nk’uko ryahinduwe n’Itegeko No 02/2002 ryo ku wa 17/01/2002 iteganya ko uburyozwe bubaho igihe ibyago byatejwe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe.

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[33] Urukiko Rukuru rwageneye Nzamwitakuze Thérèse indishyi rushingiye gusa ku kuba moto yari imutwaye yaraguye, ntirwasuzuma niba hari uruhare cyangwa amakosa y’uwari utwaye moto muri iyo mpanuka. Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, Nzamwitakuze Thérèse ntiyashoboye kugaragaza uruhare rwa Makuza Léonard wari utwaye moto mu mpanuka yakomerekeyemo. Ni nayo mpamvu SORAS AG Ltd yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc itagombaga gutegekwa kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka uwo yari yishingiye atagizemo uruhare; bivuga ko amafaranga yishyuye Nzamwitakuze Thérèse harangizwa urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane igomba kuyasubizwa. [34] Urukiko rurasanga muri dosiye harimo inyandiko yitwa “Claims estimate advice slip/Claims payment requisition” igaragaza ko mu rwego rwo kurangiza urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 18/06/2020, SANLAM AG Plc yishyuye Nzamwitakuze Thérèse 7.731.044 Frw ku wa 23/07/2020. Bitewe n’uko ayo mafaranga yishyuwe ataragombaga kwishyurwa nk’uko byasobanuwe, Urukiko rurasanga SANLAM AG Plc igomba kuyasubizwa nk’uko ibisaba. II.

3. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza. [35] Me Niyindora Nsengiyumva na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément bahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko kuba Sosiyete baburanira ntaho ihuriye n’impanuka yabaye, nta n’impamvu n’imwe yagombaga gushorwa mu manza kuko itishingiye igare ryateye iyo

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mpanuka. Bongeraho ko kuba Nzamwitakuze Thérèse yarashoye SANLAM AG Plc mu manza zidafite ishingiro, byatumye igira ibyo itakaza, bityo ko igomba kugenerwa 3.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yishyuye kuva ku rwego rwa mbere kugeza ubu, ndetse na 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [36] Me Nsabayezu Evariste uhagarariye Nzamwitakuze Thérèse yireguye avuga ko indishyi yagenewe zidakwiriye gukurwaho kuko yazihawe azikwiriye, cyane ko nyirabayazana w’impanuka yamukomerekeje ari moto yishingiwe na SANLAM AG Plc. Avuga ko yagenerwa 2.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kubwo gukomeza gushorwa mu manza.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [37] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [38] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka Me Nsabayezu Evariste asabira Nzamwitakuze Thérèse

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atayahabwa kubera ko ntacyo atsindiye mu rubanza. Urukiko rurasanga ayo Me Niyindora Nsengiyumva na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément basabira SANLAM AG Plc afite ishingiro kuko byabaye ngombwa gukurikirana urubanza no gushaka abayiburanira. Rurasanga ariko ayo basaba ari menshi kandi batayatangira ibimenyetso, SANLAM AG Plc ikaba igenewe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuva ku rwego rwa mbere kugeza kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [39] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza No RCA 00295/2019/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 18/06/2020, gifite ishingiro; [40] Rwemeje ko urubanza No RCA 00295/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 18/06/2020, ruhindutse kuri byose; [41] Rutegetse Nzamwitakuze Thérèse gusubiza SANLAM AG Plc 7.731.044 Frw yari yishyuwe harangizwa urubanza No RCA 00295/2019/HC/KIG; [42] Rutegetse Nzamwitakuze Thérèse guha SANLAM AG Plc 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka.