SANLAM AG Plc v UWIHANGANYE

# SANLAM AG Plc v UWIHANGANYE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-03-18 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2022/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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SANLAM AG Plc v UWIHANGANYE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2022/SC (Mukamulisa, P.J, Hitiyaremye, Cyanzayire, J.) 18 Gicurasi 2023] Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano - Imanza z’indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Indishyi mbangamirabukungu – Ibarwa ry’indishyi mbangamirabukungu ku muntu ukora umwuga wo gutwara abagenzi kuri moto - Umusaruro utahanwa - Umusaruro utahanwa ku mwaka n’umuntu ukora umwuga wo gutwara abantu kuri moto, hamaze kuvanwaho umusoro ku musaruro n’umusoro w’ipatanti, ungana na 2.400.000 Frw - 72.000 Frw – 8.000 Frw = 2.320.000 Frw. Umusaruro atahana ku kwezi ungana na 2.320.000 Frw:12 = 193.333 Frw; naho umusaruro atahana ku munsi ukaba 193.333 Frw:30 = 6.444 Frw. Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano –Imiburanishirize y’imanza – Iyubahirizwa ry’umurongo watanzwe – Iyubahirizwa ry’umurongo utanzwe nyuma yo gutanga ikirego – Ntacyabuza ko Umurongo utanzwe nyuma yo gutanga ikirego ukurikizwa, mu rubanza rujyanye n’icyo kirego igihe cyose wasohotse urubanza rukiburanishwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Imodoka yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SORAS A.G Plc yagonze Moto yari itwawe n’Uwihanganye arakomereka, agira ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 60%. Kubera ko atashoboye kumvikana na SORAS A.G Plc ku bijyanye n’indishyi, yayireze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, atsindira indishyi zinyuranye. SANLAM AG Plc yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwayo bufite ishingiro ku bijyanye gusa n’ indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga Uwihanganye yahawe atagombaga kuzihabwa. SANLAM AG Plc nabwo ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, isaba ko rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ubusabe bwayo burakirwa, hemezwa ko rwongera kuburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Uru rukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya umubare w’amafaranga akwiye guherwaho habarwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. SANLAM AG Plc yavugaga ko akarengane kayo gashingiye ku kuba Uwihanganye yarabariwe indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku musaruro yinjiza ku munsi ungana na 5.000 Frw; kandi atarabashije kugaragaza umusaruro yinjizaga mu mezi 12 yabanjirije impanuka, akaba ahubwo yaragombaga kubarirwa indishyi zihwanye n'umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko ungana na 3.000 Frw ku munsi. Ivuga kandi ko indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe mu kazi zidakwiye gutangwa kuko nta cyemezo cya muganga kigaragaza ko atazakomeza gukora umwuga we kandi ko umurongo wagaragajwe uvuga ko ibyo umuburanyi atagaragarije umucamanza ngo amusabe kubisuzuma, adashobora kuvuga ko yabimurenganyijeho watanzwe nyuma y’uko iki kirego gitanzwe bityo utakurikizwa muri uru rubanza. Uwihanganye asobanura ko nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze rubara indishyi mbangamirabukungu ku musaruro yinjije ku munsi ungana na 5.000 Frw, kuko bisanzwe bizwi ko igicuruzo cy’umumotari ku mwaka kingana na 2.400.000 Frw ashingirwaho mu gutanga umusoro. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umusaruro utahanwa ku mwaka n’umuntu ukora umwuga wo gutwara abantu kuri moto hamaze kuvanwaho umusoro ku musaruro n’umusoro w’ipatanti, ungana na 2.400.000 Frw - 72.000 Frw – 8.000 Frw = 2.320.000 Frw. Umusaruro atahana ku kwezi ungana

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na 2.320.000 Frw:12 = 193.333 Frw; naho umusaruro atahana ku munsi ukaba 193.333 Frw:30 = 6.444 Frw bityo niyo akwiye gushingirwaho habarwa indishyi za Uwihanganye. Ariko, kuba atarigeze anenga uburyo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zijyanye n’ubumuga buhoraho yagenewe n’inkiko zabanje zabazwe, kubera ko atari we wasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, indishyi yahawe nizo zigomba kugumaho. 2. Ntacyabuza ko Umurongo utanzwe nyuma yo gutanga ikirego ukurikizwa, mu rubanza rujyanye n’icyo kirego igihe cyose wasohotse urubanza rukiburanishwa. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nta shingiro gifite; Imikirize y’urubanza Nº RCA 00335/2019/HC/KIG, ntihindutse ku bijyanye n’indishyi. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, ingingo ya 4, 5; Itegeko Nº 027/2022 ryo ku wa 20/10/2022 rishyiraho imisoro ku musaruro, ingingo ya 14; Itegeko No 75/2018 ryo ku wa 07/09/2018 rigena inkomoko y’imari n’umutungo by’inzego z’imitegekere y’Igihugu zegerejwe abaturage, ingingo ya 5, 32; Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 14, 18. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2022, haburana Kigali Ceramica & Furniture Ltd na Guaranty Trust Bank (Rwanda) Plc. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 31/10/2018, mu Mudugudu wa Kadobogo (Akagari ka Kagugu, Umurenge wa Kinyinya, Akarere ka Gasabo) habereye impanuka, imodoka Mitsubishi Fuso RAB 802 P yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SORAS A.G Plc (yaje guhinduka SANLAM AG Plc), igonga Moto TVS RE 839 F yari itwawe na Uwihanganye Jean arakomereka cyane, agira ubumuga bw’igihe gito kuva agikora impanuka bungana na 80% mu gihe cy’amezi 3, n’ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 60% mu gihe cy’amezi atatu nk'uko byemejwe na raporo z’abaganga. [2] Ku wa 06/02/2019, Uwihanganye Jean yashyikirije umwishingizi dosiye isaba indishyi, abonye hashize ukwezi nta gikozwe atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, urubanza rwandikwa kuri No RC 00255/2019/TGI/GSBO, rucibwa ku wa 26/06/2019. Urukiko rwemeje ko Uwihanganye Jean agomba guhabwa indishyi zikurikira:  Indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 1.800.000 Frw;  Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga zingana na 1.800.000 Frw;  Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zingana na 900.000 Frw;

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 Indishyi zinyuranye zirebana n’ibyakoreshejwe mu kwivuza zingana na 710.492,74 Frw;  Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 7.967.213 Frw;  Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ku bumuga budahoraho (incapacité temporaire) mu gihe cy’amezi atatu ku kigero cya 80% zingana na 450.000 Frw;  Indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka zingana na 1.000.000Frw. Indishyi zose hamwe Uwihanganye Jean yahawe zikaba zingana na 14.627.492 Frw. [3] SANLAM AG Plc yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, ivuga ko ikirego cya Uwihanganye Jean kitagombaga kwakirwa kubera ko hari umuhango uteganyijwe n’itegeko atubahirije; ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zitagombaga gutangwa hashingiwe kuri SMIG ya 5.000 Frw; ko kandi atagomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. Ku wa 24/09/2020, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza Nº RCA 00335/2019/HC/KIG, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG Plc bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko nta ndishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga zigomba guhabwa Uwihanganye Jean. [4] Ku bijyanye n’ikigero kibarirwaho indishyi, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko nta kimenyetso na kimwe SANLAM AG Plc itanga, cyerekana ko Uwihanganye Jean atashoboraga kwinjiza 5.000 Frw ku munsi, ko nta nenge iri mu rubanza rwajuririwe kuri iyo ngingo. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko Uwihanganye Jean ntazo akwiye guhabwa, kuko zitangwa ari uko umuganga yemeje ubumuga uwahohotewe afite, kandi akaba yari ataratanga icyo cyemezo kugera ku munsi w’iburanisha. [5] Nyuma y’uko Urukiko Rukuru ruciye urubanza, SANLAM AG Plc yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire isaba ko rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yoherereje Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga raporo asaba ko urubanza rwasubirwamo, nawe yemeza ko urubanza rwongera kuburanishwa, arwohereza mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko, rwandikwa kuri NºRS/INJUST/RC 00009/2022/SC. [6] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabereye mu ruhame ku wa 22/03/2023, SANLAM AG Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nzabahimana Jean Claude, Uwihanganye Jean ahagarariwe na Me MUHIRWA Innocent. Ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 21/04/2023, ariko kuri uwo munsi ntirwashobora gusomwa kuko hari ibyari bigisuzumwa, isomwa ryarwo ryimurirwa ku wa 18/05/2023. [7] SANLAM AG PLc ivuga ko akarengane kayo gashingiye ku kuba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zarabazwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, no kuba indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zaratanzwe ntacyo zishingiyeho. [8] Me MUHIRWA Innocent uburanira Uwihanganye Jean we avuga ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rudakwiye guhindurwa, kubera ko indishyi zatanzwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, kandi hagendewe ku bumuga Uwihanganye Jean yasigiwe n’impanuka yabaye ku wa 31/10/2018, na SANLAM AG Plc ikaba idahakana ko Uwihanganye Jean yari umumotari.

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[9] Ibibazo byasuzumwe muri uru rubanza ni ibi bikurikira: a. Kumenya indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Uwihanganye Jean akwiye guhabwa; b. Gusuzuma niba hari indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi Uwihanganye Jean yahabwa; c. Gusuzuma ibijyanye n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka zasabwe n’ababuranyi. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA.

Kumenya indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Uwihanganye Jean akwiye guhabwa [10] SANLAM AG Plc itanga ibisobanuro bikurikira: a. Mu kwemeza ko Uwihanganye Jean akwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibazwe hashingiwe ku kigero cya 5.000 Frw ku munsi, Urukiko Rukuru rwagombaga kumutegeka kuzana ikimenyetso kigaragaza umusaruro yinjije ku mwaka wabanjirije impanuka hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 4 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, kuko akazi k'ubumotari ari umurimo yigengaho kandi akuramo inyungu nyuma yo gutanga imisoro. b. Abantu bakora imirimo bigengaho bagomba kwerekana inyandikompamo zigaragaza inyungu bakuye ku mwuga wabo mu gihe cy'amezi 12 yabanjirije impanuka, nk'uko biteganywa n'ingingo ya 4 y'Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/9/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y'abangirijwe n'impanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigendera ku butaka. Kuba itegeko riteganya ikimenyetso gisabwa kugira ngo uwahohotewe abashe kugaragaza umusaruro ushingirwaho habarwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, ni ukuvuga inyandikompamo y'imenyekanisha ry'imisoro, ntaho Urukiko rwari guhera rugisimbuza inyandiko ya Koperative y'abamotari. c. Umusaruro w'abikorera batanga imisoro nta kindi cyawugaragaza kitari impapuro ziwumenyekanisha, nk'uko biteganywa n'ingingo ya 14 y'lteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga. d. Iyo umuntu atabashije kugaragariza Urukiko umusaruro yinjizaga mu mezi 12 yabanjirije impanuka, rugomba kumubarira indishyi zihwanye n'umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG), nk'uko biteganywa n'ingingo ya 18 y'lteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru. e. Ingingo ya 36 y'Itegeko No 15/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n'itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko iyo hari impamvu zikomeye, zisobanuye kandi zihuje, zishobora gutuma umuburanyi cyangwa undi muntu ukekwaho inyandiko ikubiyemo ikintu cy'ingirakamaro, Urukiko rushobora gutegeka ko iyo nyandiko cyangwa kopi yayo yemejwe ko ihuye n'inyandiko y'umwimerere bishyirwa muri dosiye y'urubanza ruburanishwa. N’ubwo Urukiko rutigeze rutegeka Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imisoro n’Amahôro kuzana ikimenyetso cy'umusaruro Uwihanganye Jean yinjije mu mezi 12 yabanjirije impanuka, ku bw’ibanze byari mu nshingano ze zo kuzana icyo kimenyetso.

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f. Abahanga mu mategeko basobanura ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba gushingira ku musaruro uwahohotewe n’ikinyabiziga atahana (Le préjudice économique est évalué à partir des revenus antérieurs afin de déterminer la perte annuelle, le revenu de référence étant toujours le revenu net annuel imposable avant l’accident)1. g. Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro, ibimenyetso n’amategeko byagaragajwe haruguru, nta gushidikanya ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 7.967.213 Frw Urukiko Rukuru rwageneye Uwihanganye Jean zabazwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko, bityo zikaba zigomba gukurwaho. SANLAM AG Plc isanga ahubwo, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 18, igika cya 3, y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru, Uwihanganye Jean yari akwiye kugenerwa inshuro imwe y'umushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe, ni ukuvuga 3.000 x 30 x 12 x 1 = 1.080.000 Frw. h. Urukiko mu kwemeza ko Uwihanganye Jean abarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ku kigero cya 5.000 Frw ku munsi, rwaragenekereje kandi byarashobokaga ko asabwa ikimenyetso cy’icyo yinjizaga buri munsi nk’umumotari. i. Kuvuga ko moto yinjiza 2.400.000 Frw ku mwaka ntibikwiye gushingirwaho kuko ayo mafaranga atari ayo umumotari yinjiza, ahubwo ari ayo moto ubwayo yinjiza. Ku bireba Uwihanganye Jean, moto yakoreshaga ntiyari iye, bivuze ko amafaranga yakoreraga atajyaga mu mufuka we yose. Icyemezo cya Koperative nacyo ntigikwiye gushingirwaho kuko usanga buri Koperative itanga ibyemezo binyuranye ku birebana n’icyo umumotari yinjiza ku munsi. [11] Uwihanganye Jean yiregura mu buryo bukurikira: a. Urukiko Rukuru rwabaze indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu rushingiye ku musaruro wa 5.000 Frw ku munsi umumotari yinjiza, n’ubwo we yari yasabye ko yabarirwa 10.000 Frw ku munsi. Urukiko rwagendeye ku zindi manza zaciwe, kuko mu manza nyinshi Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’imisoro n’amahôro cyagiye kigaragaza ko moto zisora umusoro ucishirije ku gicuruzo cya 2.400.000 Frw ku mwaka, ku bamotari bose bakorera ku butaka bw’u Rwanda. b. Ntibyari ngombwa gutanga inyandikompamo zerekana inyungu yakuye mu mwuga w’ubumotari mu gihe cy’amezi 12 yabanjirije impanuka, kuko bisanzwe bizwi ko igicuruzo cy’umumotari ku mwaka kingana na 2.400.000 Frw. c. Inkiko zabanje ntizafashe icyemezo zigenekereje mu kuvuga ko Uwihanganye Jean yinjizaga 5.000 Frw ku munsi, kuko hari impapuro batanze zigaragaza ko yishyuraga nyir’ikinyabiziga amafaranga 35.000 mu cyumweru, kandi n’imisanzu bishyuza abamotari ishingira ku mafaranga binjiza ku munsi. d. Abamotari bose ntibakoresha moto zabo, bashobora kugirana amasezerano na ba nyiri moto bakumvikana amafaranga bazajya bishyura buri munsi kugeza bazegukanye; bivuze ko uwo moto yanditseho ariwe usora akoresheje TIN (Tax Identification Number) ye. e. Icyemezo cya Koperative si icyemezo cy’umushahara; mu kugena amafaranga umumotari yinjiza ku munsi hakwiye kurebwa ibisanzwe bikorwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi, hakurikijwe uburyo abamotari bishyurwa mu ntoki na buri wese batwaye.

1 Benoit MORNET, Conseiller à la Cour de Cassation, l'indemnisation des préjudices en cas de blessures ou de décès, 2020, P. 38

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f. Indishyi zihabwa umuntu urengeje imyaka 16 kandi wagize ubumuga buhoraho, hari izibarwa hashingiwe ku bumuga buri munsi ya 30% n’izibarwa hakurikijwe ubumuga buhoraho bwa 60%. Uwihanganye Jean yagize ubumuga bwa 60% akaba yemerewe guhabwa indishyi, uburyo bwo kuzibara bugakurikiza ibiteganywa n'lteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Ababuranyi bemeranywa ko uregwa yahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, ariko ntibemeranywe ku ngano yazo. Urega avuga ko izo ndishyi zatangwa hashingiwe ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) ungana na 3.000 Frw ku munsi, uregwa akavuga ko hashingirwa ku mafaranga 5.000 yinjizaga ku munsi. Ipfundo ry’ikibazo rero akaba ari ukumenya umubare w’amafaranga ukwiye guherwaho habarwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. [13] Mu myanzuro SANLAM AG Plc yashyikirije Urukiko isobanura akarengane kayo, no mu byo yavugiye mu nama ntegurarubanza, igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwageneye Uwihanganye Jean indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 7.967.213 Frw, ruzibaze mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko, zikaba zigomba gukurwaho kuko ntacyo zishingiyeho. Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza No RC 00255/2019/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 26/06/2019, izi ndishyi zabazwe harebwe amafaranga Uwihanganye Jean yinjizaga ku munsi, imyaka yari ashigaje gukora, n’ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 60%. Mu ngingo zikurikira, Urukiko rurasuzuma niba izi ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zagenewe Uwihanganye Jean kubera ubumuga buhoraho, arizo koko yari akwiye guhabwa. [14] Ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, igira iti: “iyo impanuka yateye ubumuga uwangirijwe bumubuza gukora akazi burundu, agomba guhabwa amafaranga y’indishyi kubera ubusembwa ku mubiri, guhungabana mu bwenge bwe cyangwa kubera ingaruka bifite ku nyungu yavanaga ku mwuga we atagishoboye gukora kubera ubumuga. Indishyi zigenwa hakurikijwe Iteka rya Perezida wa Repubulika”. [15] Ingingo ya 18 y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga niyo ivuga ku ndishyi zihabwa abagize ubumuga buhoraho burenze 30%. Iyo ngingo igira iti:” Iyo ari ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30%, indishyi y’ibangamirabukungu ikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko akurikira: Iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, ahabwa amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe igihembo umuntu atahana, urwego rw’ubumuga n’imyaka ye. Iyo uwahohotewe ahembwa2 umushahara amaze igihe kitarenze amezi atandatu adakora, ahabwa amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe igihembo cye cya nyuma atahana, urwego rw’ubumuga n’imyaka ye.

2 Bigomba kuba ari ikosa byagombye kuba “uhembwa” …

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Iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo adahemberwa (si la victime n’exerce pas une activité rémunérée) cyangwa iyo yakoraga gusa imirimo yo mu rugo, cyangwa se iyo abamufiteho uburenganzira badashobora kwerekana umusaruro we nyakuri ukomoka ku murimo, kandi niba yari afite imyaka irenze 16 igihe cy’impanuka, amafaranga agomba guhabwa azabarwa bahereye ku ifatizo ry’inshuro imwe y’umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko. Indishyi izakorwa mu buryo bukurikira: Umusaruro w’umwaka umuntu atahana x umubare w’imyaka ashigaje kubaho akora x ijanisha ry’ubumuga. Amafaranga (capital)= ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1+ (igipimo cy’ibitsa x umubare w’imyaka ashigaje kubaho akora) Ibyo aribyo byose, iyo ndishyi ntigomba kurenga, yose hamwe, inshuro mirongo inani umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko”. [16] Harebwe abahohotewe bavugwa mu ngingo ya 18 imaze kuvugwa, Urukiko rusanga hatagaragaramo abafite umwuga wigenga cyangwa abantu bakora umwuga bigengaho, ari nacyo cyiciro abakora umwuga wo gutwara abantu kuri moto babarizwamo. Urukiko rukaba rusanga, mu kugena umusaruro fatizo waherwaho mu kubabarira indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, hakwifashishwa ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 14, igika cya 3, y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru birebana n’ubumuga bw’igihe gito; bikaba bihura n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 4, igika cya 4, y’Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 naryo ryavuzwe haruguru nayo irebana n’ubumuga bw’igihe gito. [17] Ingingo ya 4, igika cya 4, y’Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 iteganya ko abantu bakora imirimo bigengaho bagomba kwerekana inyandiko mpamo zerekana inyungu bakuye ku mwuga wabo mu gihe cy’amezi 12 yabanjirije impanuka. Ingingo ya 14, igika cya 3, y’Iteka rya Perezida N°31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003, nayo igateganya ko abafite umwuga wigenga cyangwa abantu bakora umwuga bigengaho bagomba kwerekana ibikorwa bigaragara byerekana inyungu zabo ziciriritse z’amezi 12 abanziriza impanuka. Ingingo ya 4, igika cya 5, y’Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 yongeraho ko inyandiko mpamo zitabonetse, umwuga uwangirijwe akora ukaba uzwi neza, indishyi zigenwa hakoreshejwe kugereranya n’umushahara uvanze (brut) w’umuntu ukora umwuga bimeze kimwe cyangwa ujya kumera kimwe n’uwo akora. [18] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, SANLAM AG Plc ntihakana ko Uwihanganye Jean yakoraga umwuga wo gutwara abantu kuri moto, icyo itemera ni ukuba yarabariwe 5.000 Frw ku munsi, atabanje kuzana ikimenyetso kigaragaza umusaruro yinjije mu mezi 12 yabanjirije impanuka. Uwihanganye Jean avuga ko icyo kimenyetso kidakenewe kuko bizwi ko igicuruzo cy’umumotari ku mwaka, Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’imisoro n’amahôro giheraho kibasoresha, kingana na 2.400.000 Frw. [19] Urukiko rusanga Uwihanganye Jean atarabashije kugaragaza inyandiko mpamo cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso byerekana inyungu yakuye mu mwuga we mu gihe cy’amezi 12 yabanjirije impanuka. Ibimenyetso atanga, bigizwe n’icyemezo cyo ku wa 27/12/2018 cyatanzwe na Perezida wa Koperative Gicovim, hamwe n’inyandiko zigaragaza aho yishyuriraga uwari waramugurije moto, Urukiko rusanga bitashingirwaho kubera impamvu zikurikira:

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a. Ku bijyanye n’icyemezo cyatanzwe na Perezida wa Koperative Gicovim, 10.000 Frw bavuga yinjizaga ku munsi ntibisobanutse aho aturuka kuko atari umukozi uhembwa na Koperative, kandi hakaba hatagaragazwa inyandiko zaba zarashingiweho zigaragaza ko ariwo musaruro utahanwa yinjizaga. b. Ku bijyanye n’inyandiko yishyuriragaho uwamugurije moto, amafaranga yishyuraga ntiyafatwa nk’umusaruro utahanwa yinjizaga kuko yashoboraga no kwishyura arenze ayo yinjije kugirango arangize umwenda. [20] Urukiko rusanga ariko hakurikijwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 4, igika cya 5, y’Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryavuzwe haruguru, mu gihe bizwi ko Uwihanganye Jean yakoraga umwuga wo gutwara moto, harebwa umusaruro mbumbe (brut) abandi bakora umurimo nk’uwe binjiza ku mwaka, ukaba ariwo ushingirwaho mu kugena umusaruro fatizo waherwaho mu kumubarira indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. [21] Ku bijyanye n’ibyo SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko moto Uwihanganye Jean yakoreshaga itari iye, ko n’amafaranga yakoreraga atajyaga mu mufuka we yose; Urukiko rusanga ariwe wayikoreshaga, hanyuma akagira amafaranga agenda yishyura nyirayo (habariwemo n’agomba kwishyura imisoro) kugeza igihe azayegukanira nk’uko ababuranyi babyemeranyijweho mu miburanire yabo, bivuze ko ariwe winjizaga umusaruro uyikomokaho. [22] Mu nyandiko Uwihanganye Jean yashyikirije Urukiko, harimo ibaruwa yo ku wa 05/04/2018 Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’imisoro n’amahôro cyandikiye uwitwa BIZIMANA Jean Damascène, igaragaza ko moto zisora umusoro ucishirije, igicuruzo cyemejwe n’icyo Kigo kikaba ari 2.400.000 Frw. Kubera ko mu kubara indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu harebwa umusaruro w’umwaka umuntu atahana (net) hatarebwa umusaruro mbumbe, hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003, ni ngombwa kubanza kureba umusaruro ukora akazi ko gutwara abantu kuri moto atahana hamaze kuvanwaho umusoro. [23] Ingingo ya 14, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2022 ryo ku wa 20/10/2022 rishyiraho imisoro ku musaruro, iteganya ko umusoro ucishirije, ungana n’atatu ku ijana (3%) y’ibyacurujwe mu mwaka, utangwa na nyir’igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi giciriritse. Igika cya nyuma cy’iyo ngingo, kigateganya ko bitabangamiye uburenganzira bwo gusora ku nyungu nyakuri, ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu nzira y’ubutaka bicibwa umusoro ukomatanyije ubarwa mu buryo bugaragara ku mugereka w’iri tegeko. [24] Umugereka w’Itegeko Nº 027/2022 ryo ku wa 20/10/2022 ryavuzwe haruguru, ugaragaza ibipimo by’umusoro ku musaruro w’ibinyabiziga bitwara abantu n’ibintu. Ku bijyanye na moto nini (zitari vélomoteur), bigaragara ko umusoro ku mwaka ari 72.000 Frw, bihwanye na 3% bya 2.400.000 Frw. [25] Ingingo ya 5, 20 y’Itegeko No 75/2018 ryo ku wa 07/09/2018 rigena inkomoko y’imari n’umutungo by’inzego z’imitegekere y’Igihugu zegerejwe abaturage, iteganya umusoro w’ipatanti mu misoro yishyurwa inzego z’imitegekere y’Igihugu zegerejwe abaturage. Ingingo ya 32 y’iryo Tegeko, iteganya ko umusoro w’ipatanti utangwa n’umuntu wese buri hantu atangije igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi mu Karere, naho ingingo ya 34 igateganya ko umusoro w’ipatanti ubarwa hashingiwe ku mbonerahamwe ziri ku mugereka w’Itegeko.

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[26] Imbonerahamwe ya II, b iri ku mugereka w’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, igaragaza ko abatwara ibintu n’abantu ku mapikipiki bishyura umusoro w’ipatanti ungana na 8.000 Frw (ku mwaka). [27] Urukiko rusanga umusaruro utahanwa ku mwaka n’umuntu ukora umwuga wo gutwara abantu kuri moto, hamaze kuvanwaho umusoro ku musaruro n’umusoro w’ipatanti, ungana na 2.400.000 Frw - 72.000 Frw – 8.000 Frw = 2.320.000 Frw. Umusaruro atahana ku kwezi ungana na 2.320.000 Frw:12 = 193.333 Frw; naho umusaruro atahana ku munsi ukaba 193.333 Frw:30 = 6.444 Frw. [28] Hakurikijwe uburyo bwo kubara indishi z’ibangamirabukungu ku bagize ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30%, buteganywa mu ngingo ya 18 y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rusanga Uwihanganye Jean yaragombaga kubarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu mu buryo bukurikira3: 6.444 x 30 x 12 x 18 x 60% = 11.085.961 Frw 1+ (7% x 18). [29] Urukiko rusanga ariko, kuba Uwihanganye Jean atarigeze anenga uburyo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zijyanye n’ubumuga buhoraho yagenewe n’inkiko zabanje zabazwe, kubera ko atari we wasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, 7.967.213 Frw yahawe niyo agomba kugumaho. Ibi bikaba bihura n’umurongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza No RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2019/SC Kigali Ceramica & Furniture Ltd yaregagamo Guaranty Trust Bank (Rwanda) Plc4.

Kumenya niba hari indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi Uwihanganye Jean yahabwa [30] SANLAM AG Plc itanga ibisobanuro bikurikira: a. Kugira ubumuga ni kimwe, ariko kuba ubumuga bwatuma umuntu atazakomeza gukora umwuga we bigomba kugaragazwa ku buryo budashidikanywaho na muganga; bikagaragara ko uwagize ubumuga atazashobora kongera gukora akazi kugera ku myaka 65 yo kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru; Habariwe ku gipimo cy’ibitsa gitangazwa na BNR cyo ku wa 03/05/2023, kingana na 7%. b. Umushingamategeko yatanze igisobanuro cy'ibangamira ry'uburambe mu kazi mu buryo bubiri: hari ugutakaza amahirwe y'akazi yizewe (perte de chance) ku munyeshuri wo mu mashuri yisumbuye, amakuru n'ay’imyuga n'andi angana nayo, no gutakaza uburambe mu kazi (perte de carrière) ku muntu wari usanzwe akora. lbi bikaba nta kindi cyabigaragaza kitari icyemezo cya muganga. Ntabwo Urukiko rwahera ku ngano y'ubumuga gusa ngo rukore présomption ko uwahohotewe yatakaje uburambe mu kazi (perte de carrière); c. N'ubwo ingingo ya 19 y'Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka

3 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, mu rubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere, mu gika cya 24, rwemeje ko Uwihanganye Jean yavutse mu 1971, Igihe cy’impanuka akaba yari afite imyaka 47, asigaje gukora imyaka 18, kandi SANLAM AG Plc ntiyabihakanye. 4Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2022, haburana Kigali Ceramica & Furniture Ltd na Guaranty Trust Bank (Rwanda) Plc, para 45.

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zitewe n'ibinyabiziga idateganya ku buryo bweruye kugaragaza icyemezo cya muganga nk'ikimenyetso cy'uko uwahohotewe yatakaje uburambe mu kazi, nta kundi Urukiko cyangwa ababuranyi bamenya ko uwahohotewe n'ikinyabiziga yatakaje uburambe mu kazi ku muntu wari usanzwe ukora (perte de carrière) bitemejwe na muganga. [31] Uwihanganye Jean yiregura mu buryo bukurikira: d. Kuba Urukiko rwaragennye indishyi z’ibangamira ry'uburambe mu kazi nta kosa rwakoze, kuko izi ndishyi zihabwa umuntu wamaze nibura amezi 6 adakora kandi akaba yaratakaje ibyo yinjizaga (umushahara). Icyemezo cya muganga kigaragaza ko Uwihangaye Jean yagize ubumuga bw’igihe gito kuva agikora impanuka bungana na 80% mu gihe cy’amezi 3, bikumvikana ko yatakaje inyungu yakuraga mu kazi ke ka buri munsi muri ayo mezi 3. e. Formulaire de consolidation des lésions yakozwe nyuma nayo yagaragaje ko afite ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 60%, bigaragagara ko yatakaje ubushobozi bwo gukora. f. Guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ntibisaba ko muganga atanga icyemezo, ahubwo harebwa hakanasesengurwa niba uwahohotewe yaratakaje amafaranga yakuraga mu mwuga cyangwa akazi yakoraga, kandi umushingamategeko yashyizeho ko hatangwa amafaranga atarenze ay’amezi 6, bikaba byari kuba ikibazo iyo Urukiko rutanga indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zirenze amezi 6. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [32] Impamvu SANLAM AG Plc ishingiraho muri uru Rukiko ivuga ko Uwihanganye Jean adakwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, ni uko nta cyemezo cya muganga kigaragaza ko atazakomeza gukora umwuga we. [33] SANLAM AG Plc ijurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, ndetse no mu miburanire yayo muri urwo Rukiko5, yavugaga ko indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zidakwiye kubarirwa ku mafaranga 5.000 yemejwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ko ariyo Uwihanganye Jean yinjizaga ku munsi, ko ahubwo zikwiye kubariwa ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko ungana na 3.000 Frw ku munsi. [34] Urukiko rurasanga mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, SANLAM AG Plc itarigeze iburanisha ibyo ivuga ubu ko indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zidakwiye gutangwa mu gihe nta cyemezo cya muganga kigaragaza ko atazakomeza gukora umwuga we. Icyumvikana mu miburanire yayo mu Rukiko Rukuru, ni uko ikibazo yari ifite atari uko indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zatangwa, ahubwo ari uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwazibariye ku mafaranga 5.000 ku munsi. [35] Urukiko rurasanga ibitaraburanyweho mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ni ukuvuga ibyo umuburanyi atagaragarije umucamanza ngo amusabe kubisuzuma, adashobora kuvuga ko yabimurenganyijeho. Uwo niwo murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu

5 Inyandiko mvugo y’iburanisha ryo ku wa 28/07/2020.

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rubanza Gahire Athanase yaburanagamo na Mukarushakiro Gloriose, Bagenzi Théogène, na Higiro James6. [36] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo SANLAM AG Plc iburanisha ko uyu murongo watanzwe nyuma y’uko itanga ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane atari byo, kuko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane cyanditswe muri uru Rukiko ku wa 25/08/2022, kandi umurongo waratanzwe mu rubanza rwaciwe ku wa 12/11/2020. Urukiko rurasanga kandi n’ubwo umurongo watangwa nyuma yo gutanga ikirego, ntacyabuza ko ukurikizwa mu rubanza rujyanye n’icyo kirego igihe cyose wasohotse urubanza rukiburanishwa. [37] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe, Urukiko rurasanga SANLAM AG Plc itavuga ko yagize akarengane ku kibazo itari yasabye Urukiko gusuzuma; bityo iyo ngingo y’akarengane ikaba idakwiye gusuzumwa.

Gusuzuma ibijyanye n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka zasabwe n’ababuranyi [38] SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko Uwihanganye Jean yakomeje kuyishora nkana mu manza zitari ngombwa, ikaba isaba Urukiko kumutegeka kuyiha 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka. [39] Uwihanganye Jean avuga ko nta mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’Avoka SANLAM AG Plc ikwiye guhabwa, ko ahubwo asaba Urukiko kuyitegeka kumwishyura 800.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka, na 350.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [40] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka SANLAM AG Plc isaba itayahabwa kuko itsinzwe urubanza. [41] Urukiko rusanga Uwihanganye Jean agomba guhabwa na SANLAM AG Plc amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’Avoka kuko byabaye ngombwa gukurikirana urubanza no gushaka umwunganira, akaba agenewe mu bushishozi bwarwo 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka, yose hamwe akaba 800.000 Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [42] Rwemeje ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na SANLAM AG Plc cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza Nº RCA 00335/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 24/09/2020, nta shingiro gifite; [43] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza Nº RCA 00335/2019/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 24/09/2020, idahindutse ku bijyanye n’indishyi Uwihanganye Jean yagenewe; [44] Rutegetse SANLAM AG Plc guha Uwihanganye Jean 800.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka.

6Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00008/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12/11/2021, para 29.