SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc v. UWAMBAJIMANA N’ABANDI

# SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc v. UWAMBAJIMANA N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-24 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00003/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc v. UWAMBAJIMANA N’ABANDI

[Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00003/2025/CA (Kamere, P.J.,) 24 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza – Ibihe byo gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi (tierce opposition incidente) – Inzitizi – Kwakira ikirego – Nta kindi gihe ntarengwa cyo gukoreshamo inzira y’ubujurire yo gutambamira urubanza rusanzwe (tierce opposition principale) cyangwa rushamikiye ku rundi (tierce opposition incidente), uretse gusa igihe ntarengwa cy’amezi abiri (2) agomba kubarwa uhereye igihe utambamira urubanza yamenyeyeho imikirize y’urubanza atambamira, umuburanyi uvuga ko icyo gihe cyubahirijwe n’uvuga ko kitubahirijwe buri wese aba agomba gutanga ibimenyetso byibyo avuga. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ikamyo ya rukururana ifite plaque RAE 675 Y/RL1600 yari ifite ubwishingizi muri BRITAM Insurance Company Ltd yagonze moto ifite plaque RC792E yari itwawe n’umumotari witwa Dusabimana Elias, maze iyo mpanuka iramuhitana. Umuryango wa nyakwigendera bavuga ko bagerageje kumvikana na BRITAM Insurance Company Ltd yari yarishingiye icyo kinyabiziga ku birebana n’indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka ariko ubwumvikane burananirana, bituma bayirega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, barusaba kuyitegeka kubaha indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka. BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd mu izina ry’Umuyobozi wayo yireguye ivuga ko atari yo igomba kuryozwa ibyangirijwe n’iyo mpanuka kuko yishingiye igice cy’inyuma gikururwa, kandi impanuka ikaba yaratejwe no kuba Umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga cy’imbere yananiwe gukata. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rushingiye ku kuba bivugwa ko igice cy’inyuma ari cyo ubwacyo cyateje impanuka, ariko ko atari cyo cyari kiyoboye, maze rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Uwambajimana Vestine na bagenzi be bagize umuryango wa nyakwigendera Dusabimana Elias nta shingiro gifite, bityo ko BRITAM mu izina ry'Umuyobozi wayo itaryozwa indishyi abarega basabye mu rubanza. Abagize umuryango wa nyakwigendera bajuririye urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwanze kubagenera indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Dusabimana Elias nta mpamvu, bityo basaba ko byakosorwa bakazihabwa indishyi Mu isesengura Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze, rwasobanuye ko mu gihe imodoka ihetse remoruki iba igomba gufatwa nk’igice cy’iyo modoka, kandi ko kuba yarakoze impanuka iri kugenda mu muhanda ndetse inayobowe n’umushoferi umwe w’ikinyabiziga gikurura ikindi, rwasanze ntaho BRITAM yahera iryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’Umuyobozi w’icyo kinyabiziga cyari gikuruye icyo yishingiye, bityo ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Abaregera indishyi batanze ikirego bundi bushya mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, kuri iyi nshuro barega SANLAM kuko ariyo yari yishingiye igice cy’imbere cy’ikamyo yateye impanuka, cyayoboraga icy’inyuma, BRITAM Insurance Company igobokeshwa ku gahato muri urwo rubanza, maze uru rukiko rwemeza ko ikirego gifite ishingiro. Urukiko rwisumbuye rwemeza kandi ko SANLAM AG Plc yishyura indishyi z’ibangamiramuco ku bana ba nyakwigendera zingana na 2.430.000Frw, indishyi z’akababaro ku mugore wa nyakwigendera dusabimana Elias zingana na 1.080.000Frw, indishyi z’amafaranga yakoreshejwe zingana na 500.000 Frw, indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ku mugore wa nyakwigendera n’abana zingana na 12.711.452 Frw, indishyi z’igihembo cya Avoka zihwanye na 500.000 Frw na 50.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. SANLAM yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, itambamira urubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ, maze uru rukiko rwemeza ko iburanisha risubikwa mu gihe hagitegerejwe ko urubanza rutambamira rufatwaho icyemezo, maze SANLAM yazamuye inzitizi y’uko itanze ikirego gitambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi, ko icyo kirego gitambamira urubanza RCA 0038/2022/HC/RSZ bikorewe mu iburanisha (tierce opposition incidente), ivuga ko inzitizi y’uko iburanisha ry’urubanza RCA 00027/2024/HC/RSZ ryaba rihagaritswe, rikazakomeza ari uko iburanisha ku rubanza rutambamira rirangiye. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibijyanye n’iyo nzitizi SANLAM yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi cyo gutambamira urubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ, 00001/2025/HC/RSZ, rwazamuriwemo iyo nzitizi, hafatwamo icyemezo gisubika iburanisha mu gihe hagitegerejwe ko urubanza rutambamira rufatwaho icyemezo. Mu mwanzuro no mu miburanire ya SANLAM, uyiburanira yasobanuye ko gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi nta bihe ntarengwa Itegeko ryateganyije ko bene icyo kirego kigomba gutangwamo, bityo asaba ko cyakwakirwa. Uburanira BRITAM yasabye ko iki kirego cya SANLAM kitakirwa, ngo kuko kitubahirije ibihe biteganywa n’Itegeko, avuga ko gutambamira urubanza rw’abandi bikorwa mu gihe cy’amezi abiri (2) abarwa uhereye igihe utanze ikirego yabimenyeyeho, kandi ko urubanza rutambamirwa BRITAM yari yararumenyesheje SANLAM nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza. Uburanira SANLAM avuga ko gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi nta bihe ntarengwa Itegeko ryateganyije ko bene icyo kirego kigomba gutangwamo, bityo asaba ko cyakwakirwa, avuga kandi ko impanuka yahitanye Dusabimana Elias yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyari gifite ubwishingizi muri SANLAM no muri BRITAM, bityo ko uburyozwe bwari bukwiye gusangirwa n’ibyo bigo byombi (responsabilité partagée). SANLAM yahindutse SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, irusaba gusuzuma niba ikirego cyayo cyo gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi cyaragombaga kwakirwa. Uwambajimana Vestine n’abo bafatanyije kuregera indishyi biregura bavuga ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc nta shingiro bufite kuko ikirego cyayo kitagombaga kwakirwa, kuko yagitanze igihe cy’amezi abiri (2) ateganywa n’itegeko cyararenze.

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Uburanira SANLAM avuga ko igikwiye kwitabwaho mu bujurire ari uko gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi (tierce opposition incidente), nta gihe ntarengwa cyateganyijwe n’itegeko, ko icy’ingenzi ari uko haba hari isano hagati y’urubanza rutambamirwa, n’urubanza ruburanwa. Uhagarariye BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd avuga ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutarakiriye ikirego kubera kurenza ibihe byo gutambama bifite ishingiro kuko umuntu atatambamira urubanza nyuma y'umwaka urenga arumenye, kandi atagaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yamubujije kurutambamira mu bihe biteganyijwe n'Itegeko. Uhagarariye Uwambajimana Vestine n’abandi bafatanyije kuregera indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzabona ko iki kirego cya SANLAM kitagombaga kwakirwa kuko cyatanzwe impitagihe, kuko uru rubanza SANLAM yari iruzi kuva ku wa 29/08/2023, kandi itegeko riteganya ko ibihe byo gutambama muri rusange ari amezi abiri (2) abarwa uhereye igihe umenyeye urubanza. Incamake y’icyemezo: Nta kindi gihe ntarengwa cyo gukoreshamo inzira y’ubujurire yo gutambamira urubanza rusanzwe (tierce opposition principale) cyangwa rushamikiye ku rundi (tierce opposition incidente), uretse gusa igihe ntarengwa cy’amezi abiri (2) agomba kubarwa uhereye igihe utambamira urubanza yamenyeyeho imikirize y’urubanza atambamira, umuburanyi uvuga ko icyo gihe cyubahirijwe n’uvuga ko kitubahirijwe buri wese aba agomba gutanga ibimenyetso byibyo avuga. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 164 niya 166. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y′URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 01/07/2021 ahagana mu masaha ya saa yine n’igice za mugitondo (10h30’), mu Mudugudu wa Gahurubuka, Akagari ka Kigenge, Umurenge wa Giheke, Akarere ka Rusizi habereye impanuka, aho ikamyo ya rukururana ifite plaque RAE 675 Y/RL1600, kubera gukata ikorosi nabi igice cy’inyuma cyari gifite ubwishingizi muri BRITAM Insurance Company Ltd cyagonze moto ifite plaque RC792E yari itwawe n’umumotari Dusabimana Elias, iyo mpanuka iramuhitana. [2] Uwambajimana Vestine, Uwayezu Patrick, Gisubizo Munezero Elysée, Mugisha Jean Aimé, Irakoze Noëlla, Ishimwe Olivier, Uzayisenga Beathe, Nyirangendahimana Juliènne, Uwizeye Clémentine na Mukabahizi Antoinette bagize umuryango wa nyakwigendera Dusabimana Elias bavuga ko bagerageje kumvikana na BRITAM Insurance Company Ltd yari

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yarishingiye icyo kinyabiziga ku birebana n’indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka ariko ubwumvikane burananirana. Ibyo byatumye bayirega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, barusaba kuyitegeka kubaha indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yo ku wa 01/07/2021 yahitanye Dusabimana Elias. BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd mu izina ry'Umuyobozi wayo yireguye ivuga ko atari yo igomba kuryozwa ibyangirijwe n’iyo mpanuka, ngo kuko yishingiye igice cy'inyuma gikururwa, ariko icyateje impanuka kikaba ari Umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga cy’imbere wananiwe gukata, ko ikinyabiziga cy'inyuma gikururwa atari cyo gikata, ko ahubwo cyo gikurikira icy’imbere. [3] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rushingiye ku kuba igice cy’inyuma bivugwa ko ari cyo ubwacyo cyagonze nyakwigendera atari cyo cyari kiyoboye, kubera ko cyagenderaga cyangwa cyakururwaga ku modoka yari igihetse, ku wa 09/05/2022 rwaciye urubanza RC 00110/2021/TGI/RSZ maze rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Uwambajimana Vestine na bagenzi be bagize umuryango wa nyakwigendera Dusabimana Elias nta shingiro gifite, ko BRITAM mu izina ry'Umuyobozi wayo itaryozwa indishyi abarega basabye mu rubanza, ko abarega bishyura BRITAM 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, ko uwifuza kujuririra urwo rubanza yabikora mu gihe cy’ukwezi uhereye igihe urubanza rusomewe. [4] Abagize umuryango wa nyakwigendera Dusabimana Elias ari bo: Uwambajimana Vestine, Uwayezu Patrick, Gisubizo Munezero Elysée, Mugisha Jean Aimé na Irakoze Noella, Ishimwe Olivier, Uzayisenga Beathe, Nyirangendahimana Julienne, Uwizeye Clémentine ndetse na Mukabahizi Antoinette bahagarariwe n’umubyeyi wabo Uwambajimana Vestine, bajuririye urubanza RC 00110/2021/TGI/RSZ mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwanze kubagenera indishyi bari baregeye nta mpamvu, bityo basaba ko byakosorwa bagahabwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Dusabimana Elias. BRITAM yiregura ivuga ko indishyi iregwa atari yo yakagombye kuzibazwa, mu gihe bigaragara ko n’umushoferi wari utwaye iyo modoka na we ubwe yiyemerera ko ari we wateje impanuka, ubwo yananirwaga gukata imodoka yari atwaye yari ikuruye iy’inyuma. [5] Mu isesengura Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze, rwasobanuye ko mu gihe imodoka ihetse remoruki iba igomba gufatwa nk’igice cy’iyo modoka, kandi ko kuba yarakoze impanuka iri kugenda mu muhanda ndetse inayobowe n’umushoferi umwe w’ikinyabiziga gikurura ikindi, rwasanze ntaho BRITAM yahera iryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’Umuyobozi w’icyo kinyabiziga cyari gikuruye icyo yishingiye, ibyo bikanashingirwa no ku mpamvu yateye impanuka, aho byagaragaye ko yatewe n’amakosa y’uwari utwaye imodoka wananiwe gukata neza imodoka bigatuma yinjiza mu kindi gisate cy’umuhanda imodoka yari akuruye, maze na yo ikagonga moto yari itwawe na nyakwigendera Dusabimana Elias babisikanaga. [6] Mu rubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 20/04/2023, rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire batanze nta shingiro gifite, ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza RC 00110/2021/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi ku wa 09/05/2022, ko bagomba gufatanya kwishyura BRITAM Insurance Company Ltd amafaranga y’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka ku rwego rw’ubujurire zingana na 500.000 Frw, ziyongera ku zo baciwe ku rwego rubanza zingana na 500.000 Frw. [7] Nyuma y’uko imanza RC 00110/2021/TGI/RSZ na RCA 00038/2022/HCRSZ zirangiye zikanaba itegeko, aho zombi zagaragaje ko nta buryozwe bw’ikinyabiziga gihetswe cyangwa

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gikuruwe, abaregera indishyi batanze ikirego bundi bushya mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, kuri iyi nshuro barega SANLAM yari yishingiye igice cy’imbere cy’ikamyo yateye impanuka, ni ukuvuga icyakururaga kandi cyayoboraga icy’inyuma, BRITAM Insurance Company igobokeshwa ku gahato muri urwo rubanza, maze ku wa 12/04/2024 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi ruca urubanza RC 00101/2023/TGI/RSZ, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Uwambajimana Vestine na (Uwambajimana Vestine mu izina ry’abana be Gisubizo Munezero Elysée, Mugisha Aimé Patrick na Irakoze Noella gifite ishingiro, ko SANLAM AG Plc yishyura indishyi z’ibangamiramuco ku bana ba nyakwigendera zingana na 2.430.000Frw, indishyi z’akababaro ku mugore wa nyakwigendera dusabimana Elias zingana na 1.080.000Frw, indishyi z’amafaranga yakoreshejwe zingana na 500.000 Frw, indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ku mugore wa nyakwigendera n’abana zingana na 12.711.452 Frw, indishyi z’igihembo cya Avoka zihwanye na 500.000 Frw na 50.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza; rwemeje kandi ko SANLAM AG Plc yishyura abarega agaciro k’amafaranga angana na 549.880 Frw yakoreshejwe Moto RC792E yari itwawe na Dusabimana Elias, ko SANLAM AG Plc igomba gusubiza abarega 20.000 Frw batanzeho ingwate y’igarama. [8] SANLAM mu izina ry’uyihagarariye yajuririye urubanza RC 00101/2023/TGI/RSZ mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri RCA 00027/20224/HC/RSZ. Mu iburanisha ryarwo ryo ku wa 15/01/2025, SANLAM yazamuye inzitizi y’uko itanze ikirego gitambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi, ko icyo kirego gitambamira urubanza RCA 0038/2022/HC/RSZ bikorewe mu iburanisha (tierce opposition incidente), bityo ko itanga inzitizi y’uko iburanisha ry’urubanza RCA 00027/2024/HC/RSZ ryaba rihagaritswe, rikazakomeza ari uko iburanisha ku rubanza rutambamira rirangiye. [9] Mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibijyanye n’iyo nzitizi yari imaze gutuma iburanisha ry’urubanza RCA 00027/20224/HC/RSZ rihagarikwa, ku wa 05/03/2025 SANLAM yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi cyo gutambamira urubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ rwavuzwe haruguru, cyandikwa kuri RC 00001/2025/HC/RSZ, maze mu iburanisha ry’urubanza RCA 00027/2024/HC/RSZ ryo ku wa 06/03/2025 rwazamuriwemo iyo nzitizi, hafatwamo icyemezo gisubika iburanisha mu gihe hagitegerejwe ko urubanza rutambamira rufatwaho icyemezo. [10] Mu mwanzuro no mu miburanire ya SANLAM, uyiburanira yasobanuye ko gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi nta bihe ntarengwa Itegeko ryateganyije ko bene icyo kirego kigomba gutangwamo, bityo asaba ko cyakwakirwa. Kandi ko SANLAM ifite inyungu yo gutambamira urubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ, ngo kuko isanga mu guca urwo rubanza Urukiko rwarayirengagije, cyane cyane ko itanarumenyeshejwe rukiburanwa ngo irengere inyungu zayo. Uyiburanira yasobanuye kandi ko impanuka yahitanye Dusabimana Elias yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyari gifite ubwishingizi muri SANLAM no muri BRITAM, bityo ko uburyozwe bwari bukwiye gusangirwa n’ibyo bigo byombi (responsabilité partagée). [11] Uburanira BRITAM yasabye ko iki kirego cya SANLAM kitakirwa, ngo kuko kitubahirije ibihe biteganywa n’Itegeko, asobanura ko gutambamira urubanza rw’abandi bikorwa mu gihe cy’amezi abiri (2) abarwa uhereye igihe utanze ikirego yabimenyeyeho, kandi ko urubanza rutambamirwa BRITAM yari yararumenyesheje SANLAM nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza. Ku birebana n’urubanza mu mizi, uburanira BRITAM yavuze ko kuba igice cy’inyuma cyari gifite ubwishingizi bwacyo ubwabyo atari impamvu ihagije yo kuryozwa indishyi mu gihe ubwacyo

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kitigenza, kuko cyari gifite ikindi kigikurura ndetse kikanakiyobora gifite ubwishingizi bwa SANLAM, iyi ikaba ari yo ikwiye kuryozwa amakosa yo kugenda nabi mu muhanda kw’igice cy’imbere yishingiye. [12] Ku ruhande rw’abaregera indishyi mu mwanzuro no mu miburanire yabo, bavuze ko Urukiko rwareba ukwiye kwishyura indishyi, rwitaye no ku kuba mu rubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ rutambamirwa, BRITAM yakuriweho uburyozwe. [13] Mu rubanza RC 00001/2025/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 13/06/2025, Urukiko rumaze kubona ko ikibazo ababuranyi bafitanye gishingiye ku bihe byo gutanga ikirego cyo gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi (tierce opposition incidente), kidateganyijwe mu Itegeko, ko igihe icyari cyo cyose umuntu ashobora gutanga ikiri mu mujyo umwe n’ikirimo gusuzumwa, ariko ababuranyi babyibwirije bamenyesheje abo bumva bashobora kuzatanga icyo kirego ubuziraherezo, igihe cyo gutanga icyo kirego kuri abo ari amezi abiri1, rwemeje ko ikirego cya SANLAM kitakiriwe kuko yagitanze ikererewe, ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanze ihwanye n’ibyakozwe muri urwo rubanza. [14] SANLAM mu izina ry’uyihagarariye yahindutse SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc yajuririye urubanza RC 00001/2025/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 13/06/2025 mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri RCA 00003/2025/CA, irusaba gusuzuma niba ikirego cyayo cyo gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi cyaragombaga kwakirwa, isoza isaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [15] Uwambajimana Vestine n’abo bafatanyije gutsindira indishyi biregura ku bujurire bwa SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc bavuga ko nta shingiro bufite, ngo kuko ikirego cyayo kitagombaga kwakirwa, kuko yagitanze igihe cy’amezi abiri (2) abarwa uhereye igihe yamenyeye urubanza giteganywa n’ingingo ya 164 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, cyararenze. Basobanura ko SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc yari izi uru rubanza kuva ku wa 29/08/2023. Bavuga ko ibyo SANLAM ivuga ko yatanze ikirego mu buryo bwa tierce opposition incidente iteganwa n’ingingo ya 166 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru kandi ko nta bihe byo gutanga ikirego iyo ngingo iteganya, nta shingiro bifite kuko ngo itagaragaza aho umushingamategeko yabiteganyije gutyo. Basoza basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka SANLAM kubishyura indishyi zitandukanye zikubiye izo bari barasabye mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ndetse n’izo kuri uru rwego. [16] BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd yiregura ku bujurire bwa SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc ivuga ko nta shingiro bufite, ngo kuko umushingamategeko atigeze agaragaza ko mu gihe umuntu arimo kuburana urubanza, hari urundi rumubangamiye rwabaye itegeko kandi asanzwe

1 Ibyo bivugwa mu buryo bwumvikana mu ndimi z’Abahanga muri ubu buryo : « Ronan Bernard-Minoret, Fiches de Procédure Civile,8è edition, Marketing, S.A.,2025,8/10 rue la Quintinie 75015 Paris, Rappel de Cours et exercices corrigés. ISBN 9782340-101333, Dépôt legal, Janvier 2025. « Lorsqu’il s’agit d’une tierce opposition incidente, il n’y a pas de délais. Il existe donc pour les parties à craindre très longtemps en tel recours. En fin d’échapper à cette épée de Damoclès, une option est proposée. Une partie peut décider de notifier le jugement à des tiers. Ceux-ci ne disposeront plus qu’un d’un délai de deux mois pour former tierce opposition, si la notification indique de manière très apparente le délai dont il dispose ainsi que les modalités selon lesquelles le recours peut être exercée."

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aruzi, aba afite uburenganzira bwo gutambamira urwo rubanza igihe icyo ari cyo cyose yabishakira. Isoza isaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc kuyiha amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka. [17] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 06/10/2025, SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc yitaba ihagarariwe na Me Nkeza Sempundu, Uwambajimana Vestine, Ishimwe Olivier, Irakoze Noella, Mugisha Jean Aimé, Gisubizo Munezero Elysée na Uwayezu Patrick bahagarariwe n’umubyeyi wabo Uwambajimana Vestine bakaburanirwa na Me Nyirabera Joséphine, naho BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd iburanirwa na Me Mukawera Béatrice, urubanza ruraburanishwa ku ngingo zose zirugize, arizo zijyanye no kumenya niba ikirego cya SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc cyo gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi cyaragombaga kwakirwa ndetse no ku ngingo irebana n’ibigenda ku rubanza bisabwa n’ababuranyi.

II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA

➢ Gusuzuma niba ikirego cya SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc cyo gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi cyaragombaga kwakirwa. [18] Me Nkeza Sempundu, uhagarariye SANLAM, avuga ko mu bika bya 24-25 by’urubanza RC 00001/2025/HC/RSZ, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwemeye ko ikirego cya SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc kijyanye no gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi (tierce opposition incidente) (RCA 00027/2024/HC/RSZ), rukanemera ko gitandukanye n’ikirego gisanzwe cyo gutambamira urubanza rw’abandi (tierce opposition principale), kandi ko iki cya nyuma ari cyo gitangwa mu gihe kitarenze amezi abiri (2) ateganywa n’ingingo ya 164 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ngo naho mu bika bya 26-27 by’urwo rubanza RC 00001/2025/HC/RSZ rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwemera ko nta gihe (cyihariye) umushimategeko yashyizeho cyo gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi (tierce opposition), ko icyo kirego kidakwiye gufatwa nk’ikirego cyo gutambamira urubanza mu buryo busanzwe, ko ariko mu gika cya 27 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwivuguruje maze rukavuga ko abahanga banditse ko mu gihe umuburanyi abona ko kubera ko ibihe bidateganyijwe byatuma adatekana mu burengenzira bwe ubuziraherezo kuko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose umuntu yashobora gutanga ikirego kiri mu mujyo umwe n’iki gisuzumwa, bityo ko uwo muburanyi abyibwirije ashobora kumenyesha abo yumva bashobora kuzatanga icyo kirego cyo gutambamira urwo rubanza, kandi ko iyo abikoze gutyo bituma igihe cyo gutanga iki kirego abo yamenyesheje urubanza bafite kuba batambamira urwo rubanza ari amezi abiri itegeko riteganya ku birebana no gutambamira urubanza bisanzwe (tierce opposition principale). [19] Me Nkeza Sempundu avuga kandi ko isesengura rishingiye ku nyandiko z’abahanga nk’uko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru ridakwiye kwemerwa, ngo kuko Urukiko Rukuru rusa n’aho rwumvikanisha ko igihe cyo gutambamira urubanza mu buryo busanzwe (tierce opposition principale) cy’amezi abiri (2), abarwa guhera igihe umuburanyi yamenyesherejweho urwo rubanza, ari cyo kigomba kubahirizwa n’utanze ikirego cyo gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi, kandi mu bika bya 24-27 by’urubanza RC 00001/2025/HC/RSZ, Urukiko rwari rwamaze kwemeza ko inzira ya opposition principale itandukanye cyane n’inzira SANLAM yakoresheje ari

## Page 8

yo yo gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi (tierce opposition incidente). SANLAM ikaba isanga n’ubwo Urukiko rwakwitwara nk’umushingamategeko aho Itegeko ritagize icyo riteganya, rutemerewe kunyuranya n’ubushake bweruye bw’umushingamategeko. [20] Me Nkeza Sempundu asobanura ko kuba ingingo ya 152 y’Itegeko nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 04/08/2023, iteganya ko abacamanza bakurikiza Itegeko kandi bakora umurimo wabo w’ubucamanza mu bwigenge, kandi batavugirwamo n’ubutegetsi cyangwa ubuyobozi ubwo ari bwo bwose, bituma kunyuranya n’ubushake bw’umushingamategeko Urukiko rwamaze kugaragaza bitafatwa nko kubahiriza amategeko. Aha asobanura ko nk’uko Urukiko rwabyibukije mu gika 24 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, uburenganzira bwo gutambamira urubanza mu gihe kitarenze amezi abiri (2) giteganyijwe n’ingingo ya 164 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, bireba opposition principale, ndetse ko no mu mategeko y’ibindi bihugu ari ko bigenda nk’uko Urukiko rwari rwabyibukije. Avuga ko kuva mu bika bya 25-26 by’urubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwari rwasobanuye ko tierce opposition incidente ivugwa mu ngingo ya 166 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ifite régime itandukanye cyane na tierce opposition principale, nta mpamvu Urukiko rwari kugera mu gika cya 27 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, ngo ruvuguruze ibyo rwari rwamaze kubona mu bika bya 24-26 by’urwo rubanza. Ashingiye kuri ibi bisobanuro, uburanira SANLAM avuga ko asanga kuvuga ko yagombaga gutambamira urubanza kuva ku wa 21/08/2023 aho yarumenyeye, ari isesengura (motivation) riri mu murongo wo gutambamira urubanza mu buryo busanzwe (tierce opposition principale), cyangwa busa na bwo ku buryo nta tandukaniro. [21] Me Nkeza Sempundu asobanura kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ko gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi (tierce oppossition incidente), ni ukuvuga urubanza RCA 00027/2024/HC/RSZ, bifatwa nk’ingoboka muri urwo rubanza, ari na yo mpamvu nta gihe ntarengwa kibaho cyo gutanga iyo ngoboka. Asobanura ko umwihariko w’ingoboka yo gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi ari uko ingingo ya 166 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko iyo hari urubanza ruburanwa, umuburanyi akagaragaza ko rufitanye isano n’urwo yatambamiye, Urukiko rusuzuma iyo sano, rwasanga idahari, rugakomeza iburanisha, naho iyo rusanze koko hari isano hagati y’izo manza, rugahagarika iburanisha, rugategereza ko urubanza rwatambamiye rucibwa, ndetse ko mu rubanza RCA 00027/2024/HC/RSZ, Urukiko rwamaze gusuzuma iyo sano rugasanga ihari maze rugategeka ko iburanisha ryarwo ritegereza ko urubanza RC 00001/2025/HC/RSZ rucibwa. Bityo ko kuba Urukiko rwaravuze ko ikirego kitubahirije igihe kandi ari ingoboka mu rubanza ruburanishwa, rwirengagije ko ikirego cyo gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi gifite kamere y’ingoboka mu rubanza, ngo ari na yo mpamvu igihe cyose iyo ngoboka ishobora gutangwa hatitawe ku bihe by’amezi abiri (2). [22] Me Nkeza Sempundu akomeza asobanura ko kuba ku wa 21/08/2023 abaregera indishyi barandikiye SANLAM ibaruwa bayisaba kubaha indishyi bari basabye BRITAM, icyo gihe nta nyungu SANLAM yari ifite yo gutambamira urubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ, ngo kuko uretse kuvuga ko nta buryozwe BRITAM ifite, ntacyo urwo rubanza rwategetse SANLAM kuko itanarubayemo umuburanyi, ko ahubwo SANLAM yasanze ifite inyungu yo kurutambamira ishamikiye ku rubanza RCA 00027/2024/HC/RSZ, kubera ko mu icibwa ry’urubanza RC 00101/2023/TGI/RSZ rwari rwarajuririwe Urukiko rwari rwarushingiyeho mu buryo

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butunguranye, rwemeza ko SANLAM ari yo yonyine ifite uburyozwe. Bityo ko yibutsa ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwari rwemeye kugobokesha ku gahato, rukemeza ko ntacyo yaryozwa itaritabiriye urubanza ngo ivuguruze imiburanire ya SANLAM. Ko aha ari ho ashingira avuga ko gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi bikwiye kurebwa kandi bikumvikana nk’ingoboka afite uburyo itangwa n’uburyo iburanisha, ariko ko idashobora gushyirirwaho ibihe byo gutangwa, mu gihe hari ikirego cy’iremezo, ari na yo mpamvu isesengura Urukiko rwakoze mu bika bya 24- 26 byagaragajwe haruguru ririmo ukuri. [23] Me Nkeza Sempundu avuga ko SANLAM isanga igikwiye kwitabwaho mu bujurire ari uko gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi (tierce opposition incidente), nta gihe ntarengwa cyateganyijwe n’ingingo ya 166 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ko icy’ingenzi ari uko haba hari isano hagati y’urubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ rutambamirwa, n’urubanza RCA 00027/2024/HC/RSZ ruburanwa. Ko ibyo ari na ko abahanga mu mategeko y’ibindi bihugu babisobanuye2. [24] Me Nkeza Sempundu ashingiye ku ngingo ya 158, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi3, avuga ko ikirego cya SANLAM ALLIANZ GI PLC cyo gutambamira urubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ rushamikiye ku rundi rubanza RCA 00027/2024/HC/RSZ cyagombaga kwakirwa, ko harebwa gusa niba urubanza RC 00001/2025/HC/RSZ rutariho, ko Urukiko ruhaye ishingiro ubu bujurire, rwasubiza urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru gutambamira RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ. [25] Me Mukawera Béatrice, uhagarariye BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd, mu kwiregura kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire, avuga ko iyo incident batayumvikanaho kuko yabayeho mu mpitagihe, mu rwego rw’amategeko, mu gihe SANLAM yari yajuriye mu myanzuro ivuga ko itambamira imanza BRITAM yaburanye. Ko n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rutashoboye kumva neza ibyo basobanuraga ku bijyanye na tierce opposition incidente uhagarariye SANLAM avuga ko ari cyo kirego yatanze, kandi Itegeko rikurikizwa riteganya ko bene iki kirego gitangwa ku ruhande, ko ahubwo nk'uko umushingamategeko yabisobanuye mu ngingo ya 166 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ko gutambamira urubanza rushamikiye ku rundi bivugwa muri iyi

2 Aho abo bahanga bagize bati : « La tierce opposition est une voie de réformation ou de rétractation. La tierce opposition est menée à titre principal devant la juridiction qui a rendu le jugement dans un délai de trente Jours, ou à titre incident à l'occasion d'un autre projet devant la juridiction déjà saisie, sans limitation de durée ». Ko byanasobanuwe n’abandi bahanga ko : La tierce opposition peut être aussi formée par voie incidente lorsqu'une partie apprend au cours d'une autre instance l'existence d'une décision qui lui porte préjudice. La tierce opposition opère alors comme voie de réformation. La tierce opposition incidente est formée comme une demande incidente et n'est soumise à aucun délaiʺ. https://www.google.com/search?q=tierece+opposition+incidente&oq=tierece+opposition+incidente&gs.

3 Iyo ngingo ya 158 ikaba iteganya ibi bikurikira: “Iyo Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze urubanza rwari rwaregewe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, Urukiko rwaruciye ku rwego rubanza rukavuga ko rutakiriwe kandi rwaragombaga kwakirwa, Urukiko rwajuririwe rurwakira, rukagaragaza ko rwagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere, rukarutesha agaciro maze rukarusubiza Urukiko rwari rwaruciye kugira ngo ruruburanishe mu mizi, nta yindi ngwate y’amagarama itanzwe. Urukiko rwohererejwe uru rubanza ntirushobora kwanga kuruburanisha rwitwaje ko rwafashe icyemezo kuri iryo burabubasha”.

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ngingo bisobanurwa nk'inzitizi ituma urubanza rutinda4. Avuga ko ibi byumvikanisha neza ko hagomba kuba hari urubanza rutambamira urundi, kandi rukaba rufitanye isano n'urubanza ruburanwa, maze urwo rutambama rukaba inzitizi ituma urwaburanwaga rudakomeza kugeza igihe urutambama ruciriwe, mu gihe umuburanyi yagaragaje ko izo manza zombi zifitanye isano. Ko rero ntaho umushingamategeko yigeze agaragaza ko umuntu iyo ari kuburana urubanza akumva abangamiwe n'urundi rwabaye Itegeko kandi asanzwe aruzi, aba afite uburenganzira bwo gutambamira urwo rubanza, ko biramutse bimeze gutyo icyo gihe imiryango itaruhuka nk'uko byanditswe mu gitabo cya Gasasira Ephrem yise Droit Civil et Commercial, p.17155; avuga ko iyi ari yo mpamvu ituma habaho na formalisme du droit hagashyirwaho uburyo n'ibihe ibirego n'imanza bigomba kubahiriza kugira ngo hirindwe akajagari mu byemezo bifatwa n'Inkiko. [26] Me Mukawera Béatrice, ashingiye ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa haruguru, avuga ko asanga nta burenganzira SANLAM ifite bwo kwigira nk'aho itumva icyo ingingo ya 166 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ivuga, ku buryo yavuga ko itari gutambama mu buryo busanzwe, kandi nta bundi buryo Itegeko ryateganyije ku rubanza rwamaze kuba Itegeko ku byo kuba umuntu utararubayemo yasaba ko ruvaho uretse inzira imwe yo kurutambamira. Ko rero kuba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwarategetse ko ikirego kitakiriwe kubera kurenza ibihe byo gutambama, byubahirije Itegeko, naho ibyo SANLAM ivuga ko atari itambama risanzwe, atari ibisanzwe nyine ngo kuko umuntu atatambamira urubanza nyuma y'umwaka urenga arumenye, kandi atagaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yamubujije kurutambamira mu bihe biteganyijwe n'Itegeko, iyi akaba ari yo mpamvu Urukiko rubanza rwanze kwakira ikirego. Bityo ko Britam isaba Urukiko rw'Ubujurire gushimangira icyo cyemezo, ngo kuko kugeza ubu SANLAM idasobanura impamvu yaba yarayibujije gutambamira urubanza kandi yararumenye, ko ibyo irimo ikora ari nko gucenshura amategeko ngo irebe icyavamo. [27] Me Mfurankunda Epiphanie uhagarariye Uwambajimana Vestine n’abandi bafatanyije kuregera indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka, mu kwiregura kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzabona ko iki kirego cya SANLAM kitagombaga kwakirwa, kuko igihe cy’amezi abiri (2) giteganywa n’amategeko cyane cyane mu ngingo ya 164 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi cyarenze, ngo kuko uru rubanza SANLAM yari iruzi kuva ku wa 29/08/2023. Ko ibyo SANLAM ivuga ko ikoze tierce opposition incidente, iteganywa n’ingingo ya 166 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru, ko nta bihe iteganya mu gihe ingingo imaze kugaragazwa haruguru, iteganya ko ibihe byo gutambama muri rusange ari amezi abiri (2) abarwa uhereye igihe umenyeye urubanza, ibyo ivuga nta shingiro bifite kuko ntaho igaragaza umushingamategeko yabigaragarije, ngo Urukiko Rukuru mu isesengura rwakoze rwavuze ko n’ubwo ibihe bitabaho ariko kuba hari uwikengeye akayimenyesha imikirize y'urubanza, yagombaga guhera aho ikarutambamira. Ikindi kandi ngo ni uko Urukiko rwagarutse ku nyandiko z'abahanga no ku zindi ngero SANLAM yatanze mu rubanza rujuririrwa, zose zagaragazaga ko ibihe byo gutambama biteganwa n'amategeko. Ko ibyo ivuga ko igihe yamenyeshwaga urubanza nta nyungu yari ifite, ngo kuko

4 Aho iyo ngingo igira iti:"Iyo hari urubanza ruburanwa umuburanyi akagaragaza ko rufitanye isano n’urwo yatambamiye, urukiko rusuzuma iyo sano, rwasanga idahari, rugakomeza iburanisha. Iyo rusanze koko hari isano hagati y’izo manza, ruhagarika iburanisha, rugategereza ko urubanza rwatambamiwe rucibwa."

5 Aho yagize ati : "Le repos des familles et de la sosiète entière se fonde non seulement sur ce qui est juste mais sur ce qui est fini. L'autorité de la chose jugée est la presomption de verité que la loi attribue au jugement rendu".

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ntacyo yaryozwaga, ko atumva niba icyemezo itambamira cyarahindutse noneho ikabona inyungu. Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzabona ko ibihe byo gutambamira urubanza muri rusange ari amezi abiri (2) abarwa uhereye igihe ushaka kurutambamira arumenyeye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [28] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rubona ko ikibazo ababuranyi bafitanye gishingiye ku kumenya ibihe byo gutanga ikirego cyo gutambamira urubanza, iyo hari urundi rubanza uko gutambamira urubanza kuzamurwamo nk’inzitizi ituma iburanisha n’icibwa ryarwo riba risubitswe.

[29] Ingingo ya 166 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ibi bikurikira: "Iyo hari urubanza ruburanwa, umuburanyi akagaragaza ko rufitanye isano n’urwo yatambamiye, Urukiko rusuzuma iyo sano, rwasanga idahari, rugakomeza iburanisha. Iyo rusanze koko hari isano hagati y’izo manza, ruhagarika iburanisha, rugategereza ko urubanza rwatambamiwe rucibwa66”. [30] Isesengura ry’iyi ngingo ryumvikanisha ko mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko inkiko zica imanza zifitanye isano zishobora kuzafatwamo ibyemezo byavuguruzanya, bigatera imbogamizi mu irangizwa ryabyo, iyo umuburanyi agaragaje mu iburanisha ry’urubanza rumwe ko hariho urundi rubanza bifitanye isano kandi ko yamaze kurega asaba ko rukurwaho (mu buryo bwo kurutambamira/tierce opposition), uru narwo rukaba rugitegereje kuzacibwa, Urukiko ruzamuwemo icyo kibazo kiba kigomba kurubera inzitizi, rukayisuzuma maze rwasanga iyo sano ihari koko, rukaba ruhagaritse iburanisha rugategereza ikizava mu rubanza rwaregewe mbere. Ibi kandi byumvikanisha ko umuburanyi ushaka guhagarikisha iburanisha muri ubu buryo aba atagomba kubanza guhagarikisha iburanisha kugira ngo nyuma abone kuregera gutambamira urwo rubanza rundi rufitanye isano n’urwo azamuyemo inzitizi, ko ahubwo urubanza rw’ubutambame rugomba kuba rusanzwe ruriho mbere y’uko umuburanyi atanga iyo nzitizi. Icyo iyi ngingo iteganya ni uko ukubaho k’urubanza rutambamira urundi gushobora kubera inzitizi iburanisha n’icibwa ry’urundi rubanza hagamijwe gukumira ko hazabaho ukuvuguruzanya kw’ibyemezo by’inkiko ku kintu kimwe kiburanwa. Ibi byumvikana neza mu mutwe w’iyi ngingo mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza n’urw’Igifaransa aho ugira uti “Third party opposition incidental to another case”/“Tierce opposition incidente sur une autre contestation”; bitera urujijo iyo hari abafashe igice cy’uyu mutwe w’iyi ngingo mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa bakavuga “Tierce opposition incidente” basize inyuma icyuzuzo cyawo “sur une autre contestation”. Iyi ngingo kandi nta na hamwe yumvikanisha ko iteganya ubundi buryo bwo gutambamira urubanza butandukanye n’uburyo bumwe rukumbi bwateganyijwe n’iri tegeko mu ngingo kuva mu ngingo yaryo ya 161 kugeza ku ya 168, by’umwihariko uburyo bumwe gusa bwo gutambamira urubanza buteganyijwe muri iri tegeko bukaba ari ubwo umushingamategeko yatangiye igisobanuro mu ngingo ya 161 y’iri tegeko. Ibi kandi bikaba bivuze ko mu gihe mu ngingo zavuzwe haruguru umushingamategeko

6 En français : « Lorsqu’il y a un jugement en cours et qu’une partie prouve sa connexité avec le jugement qu’elle attaque en tierce opposition, la juridiction examine cette connexité et, lorsqu’elle constate qu’il n’y en a pas, elle continue le jugement. Si le tribunal constate qu’il y a connexité entre ces jugements, il sursoit à statuer en attendant le jugement sur la tierce opposition ».

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yateganyirije ibireba ugutambamira urubanza habonekamo ingingo ya 164 ivuga ku bihe ntarengwa iyi nzira y’ubujurire igomba gukorerwamo, iyo ngingo ari yo ibirebana byose n’ibihe byo gutambamira urubanza bigomba kureberwamo kuko nta n’icyuho kibirimo kigomba gushakirwa ahandi (nko mu nyandiko z’abahanga b’abanyamahanga cyangwa se ibyemezo by’inkiko z’ahandi) inzira yo kukiziba. [31] Ingingo ya 164 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ibi bikurikira: “Igihe cyo gutambamira urubanza ni amezi abiri (2) abarwa uhereye igihe utanze ikirego yabimenyeyeho. Iyo hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza neza ko yamenye urubanza rutambamirwa igihe rwaburanishwaga, icyo kirego nticyakirwa”.

[32] Isesengura ry’iyi ngingo ya 164 iyo rihujwe n’iryamaze gukorwa haruguru ku ngingo ya 166, rigaragaza ko nta kindi gihe ntarengwa cyo gukoreshamo inzira y’ubujurire (voie de recours) yo gutambamira urubanza uretse gusa igihe ntarengwa cy’amezi abiri (2), agomba kubarwa uhereye igihe utambamira urubanza yamenyeyeho imikirize y’urubanza atambamira; byumvikana ko umuburanyi uvuga ko icyo gihe cyubahirijwe n’uvuga ko kitubahirijwe buri wese aba agomba gutangira ibimenyetso ibyo avuga. [33] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ku wa 29/08/2023 SANLAM yashyikirijwe inyandikomvugo y’isomwa ry’urubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 20/04/2023, kopi y’urubanza RC 00110/2021/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 09/05/2022 rwari rwajuririwe, n’ibaruwa ya Uwambajimana Vestine yo ku wa 22/08/2023 ayisaba indishyi zikomoka ku rupfu rwa Dusabimana Elias nyuma y’imanza bari barezemo BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd, zikarangira inkiko zemeje ko atari BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd yishingiye igice cy’inyuma cya remorque igomba kwishyura izo ndishyi, ko ahubwo zigomba kwishyurwa na sosiyeti y’ubwishingizi yishingiye igice cy’imbere; iyo sosiyeti y’ubwishingizi ikaba mu buryo butagibwaho impaka ari SANLAM. [34] Dossier y’urubanza igaragaza kandi ko ikibazo kirebana n’igihe SANLAM yamenyeye imikirize y’rubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ n’igihe cyo kurutambambira cyasuzumwe mu bika bya 19-31 by’urubanza RC 00001/2025/HC/RSZ rujuririrwa nk’inzitizi yo kutakira uru rubanza, maze bigaragarira Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, ko hakurikijwe ibimenyetso by’imenyeshwa byavuzwe haruguru, guhera ku wa 29/08/2023 SANLAM yari izi urubanza itambamira rufite nimero RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 20/04/2023 n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, bityo ko yari ifite amezi abiri yo kurutambamira abazwe uhereye icyo gihe yarumenyeye, bityo rushingiye ku kuba SANLAM itarubahirije ibyo bihe, rwemeza ko ikirego cyayo kitagomba kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe mu mizi yacyo. [35] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 164 n’iya 166 z’Itegeko ryavuzwe hejuru, ibisobanuro byazo byagaragajwe haruguru, isobanurampamvu ry’icyemezo cyo kutakira ikirego cya SANLAM ryatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, ndetse no kuba SANLAM itaratanze ibimenyetso by’uko yubahirije ibihe ntarengwa by’amezi abiri byo gutambamira urubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ, rurasanga ibivugwa na SANLAM ko nta bihe ntarengwa biteganyijwe n’itegeko byo gutambamira urubanza, nta shingiro bifite. Urukiko rurasanga urubanza RCA 00038/2022/HC/RSZ rwaraciwe ku wa 20/04/2023, SANLAM

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irumenyeshwa ku wa 29/08/2023 mu buryo bukurikije amategeko bwavuzwe haruguru, nyamara irutambamira ku wa 05/03/2025 nyuma y’umwaka urenga, bityo rukaba rwemeranywa n’imimirize y’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ko icyo kirego cyatanzwe impitagihe kitari kwakirwa. ➢ Ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi muri uru rubanza [36] Me Mukawera Béatrice uhagarariye BRITAM Insurance Company Ltd, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc gusubiza BRITAM Insurance Company Ltd amafaranga 800.000 Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka, n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 1.500.000 Frw. [37] Me Mfurankunda Epiphanie uhagarariye Uwambajimana Vestine n’abandi bafatanyije kuregera indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka, asaba Urukiko rw'Ubujurire gutegeka SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc kwishyura abo aburanira 700.000 Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000 Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego. [38] Me Nkeza Sempundu uhagarariye SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc yiregura kuri aya mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka avuga ko nta shingiro afite, kuko SANLAM ifite uburenganzira yemererwa n’amategeko bwo kujuririra icyemezo kitayinyuze kandi ko ubujurire bwayo bufite ishingiro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: ʺIkirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [40] Hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo y’Itegeko imaze kuvugwa hejuru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa n’abaregwa bombi muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro kuko SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc yatanze ubu bujurire ukabubashoramo itsindwa nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. Mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, Uwambajimana Vestine, Uwayezu Patrick, Gisubizo Munezero Elysée, Mugisha Jean Aimé, Irakoze Noëlla na Ishimwe Olivier bose hamwe bakaba bagomba kugenerwa amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, naho ku rundi ruhande BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd nayo ikagenerwa andi angana nk’ayo, kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [41] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc nta shingiro bufite.

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[42] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RC 00001/2025/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko wa Rusizi ku wa 13/06/2025 igumaho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [43] Rutegetse SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc kwishyura Uwambajimana Vestine, Uwayezu Patrick, Gisubizo munezero Elysée, mugisha Jean Aimé, Irakoze Noëlla na Ishimwe Olivier bose hamwe amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 Frw) akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [44] Rutegetse SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc kwishyura BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 Frw) akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [45] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama y’uru rubanza SANLAM ALLIANZ GI Plc yatanze ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo.