SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc v HATUNGIYAREMYE

# SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc v HATUNGIYAREMYE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-07-26 - Case/document no.: RCA 00050/2022/HC/RSZ ( - Collection: High Court

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SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc v HATUNGIYAREMYE [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RCA 00050/2022/HC/RSZ (Habimana, P.J.) 26 Nyakanga 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Imanza z’indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Ingaruka zivuka ku makosa yo kutubahiriza ibnikubiye mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi- Umwishingizi afite uburenganzira bwo kutishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’ikinyabiziga yishingiye mu gihe habayeho ikosa ryo kutubahiriza amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ku ruhande rw’uwishingiwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yakozwe n’ikinyabiziga kishingiwe na SANLAM igakomeretsa uwitwa Bizimana wari utwawe inyuma ubwo yayivagamo igenda. Nyuma y’uko kumvikana ku ndishyi binaniranye, Bizimana yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi asaba ko yahabwa indishyi. Urukiko rwemeje ko yahabwa indishyi zitandukanye ariko uregwa ntiyanyurwa ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko nta buteganye buke bwakozwe n’umushoferi ngo habeho impanuka ko ahubwo yatewe na Bizimana wemeye kugenda inyuma kandi akava mu kinyabiziga kigenda. Urukiko rwakiriye ubwo bujurire maze rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc ariyo igomba kuryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yakomerekeyemo Bizimana. SANLAM ivuga ko itagombaga kuryozwa indishyi kandi nta burangare umushoferi w’ikinyabiziga kishingiwe yakoze ko ahubwo Bizimana ariwe wikururiye ibyago yemera kujya mu modoka inyuma akanayivamo igenda. Ikomeza ivuga ko binabaye ngombwa ko indishyi zitangwa zacibwa nyiri kinyabiziga kuko ariwe washyize umugenzi inyuma mu modoka. Bizimana we asobanura ko ubwishingizi imodoka RAE890E yafatiwe ari ubugamije kuryoza umwishingizi ibyo icyo kinyabiziga cyakwangiza, byaba bitewe n'icyo kinyabiziga ubwacyo cyangwa bitewe n'imyitwarire ya nyiracyo bityo agasaba ko yahabwa indishyi Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ubwishingire bugomba kwishingira uburyozwe bwose bwa nyir'ikintu kigenzwa ku butaka, ubw'ugifite wese n'ubw'ugitwaye wese, mu gihe agitwaye atacyibye cyangwa se yagitwaye akoresheje kiboko bityo SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc ikaba ariyo ikwiye kuryozwa indishyi. 2. Umwishingizi afite uburenganzira bwo kutishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’ikinyabiziga yishingiye mu gihe habayeho ikosa ryo kutubahiriza amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ku ruhande rw’uwishingiwe bityo ibyo SANLAM ivuga ko indishyi zatangwa n’uwishingiwe bikaba nta shingiro bifite kuko itagaragaza ko hari amakosa yaba yarakoze yo kutubahiriza amasezerano bafitanye. Ikirego cy’ubujurire cya SANLAM Assurance générales Plc nta shingiro gifite; Ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe ihwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111; Itegeko teka No 32/75 ryo kuwa 7 Kanama 1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n'ibinyabiziga bigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri, ingingo ya 3. Imanza zashingiweho: RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021/CS, SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc na Hatunguramye n’Abandi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/12/2021. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa kuwa 22/10/2021 i Rususa mu murenge wa Nkungu, akarere ka Rusizi habereye impanuka itewe n'ikinyabiziga RAE890E gifite ubwishingizi muri SANLAM cyagonze Bizimana Vedaste arakomereka, aravurwa ariko asigarana ubumuga buhoraho. Nyuma y’uko ubwumvikane bunaniranye Bizimana Vedaste yaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye asaba indishyi zinyuranye zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka. SANLAM ivuga ko nta ndishyi yaryozwa kubera ko nta kosa umushoferi wari utwaye imodoka yishingiye, ko ahubwo uwahohotewe yururutse imodoka iri kugenda atabanje kubwira umushoferi ngo ahagarare abone kuyivamo, byabituma agwa arakomereka. [2] Mu rubanza RC 00127/2021/TGI/RSZ, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rushingiye ku kuba impanuka yaratewe n’ubuteganye buke bw’umushoferi Habimana Daniel watwaye umuntu mu gice cy’inyuma y’imodoka kandi yari apakiye umuzigo, rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Bizimana Vedaste gifite ishingiro, rutegeka SANLAM kwishyura Bizimana Vedaste indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana atatu na cumi na birindwi n’amafaranga maganatandatu (4.317.600Frw), indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo itatu na bibiri (432,000Frw), indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga zingana n’ ibihumbi magana abiri na cumi na bitandatu (216.000Frw), amafaraga yakoreshejwe angana n’ibihumbi magana atatu n’amafaranga magana ane na mirongo itatu (300.430Frw) yakoreshejwe mu kwivuza, gushaka ibyangombwa n’ingendo. Rwayitegetse gusubiza Bizimana Vedaste igihembo cy’avoka kingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw), n’amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000Frw) yatanzeho ingwate n’amagarama; yose hamwe aba miliyoni eshanu n’ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo inani na bitandatu n’amafaranga mirongo itatu (5.786.030Frw). [3] SANLAM Assurance générales Plc yajuririye uru Rukiko, ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri No RCA 00050/2022/HC/RSZ, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 15/06/2023, ihagarariwe Me Nkeza Clement naho Bizimana Vedaste ahagarariwe na Me Mwizerwa Alexis. [4] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, SANLAM Assurance générales Plc isaba ko Urukiko rwajuririwe ko rwazasuzuma niba ariyo igomba kuryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku

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mpanuka Bizimana Vedaste yakomerekeyemo. Yasabye kandi ko yazagenerwa indishyi z’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya avoka ku rwego rwa mbere no mu bujurire. Uhagarariye Bizimana Vedaste yasobanuye ko umwishingizi w’imodoka RAE890E yateje impanuka ariwe ugomba kwishyura indishyi kubera ko umugenzacyaha wageze aho impanuka yabereye yemeje ko impanuka yatewe n'ubuteganye buke bw'uwari utwaye ikinyabiziga. Ku ndishyi z’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya avoka yasobanuye ko nta shingiro zifite kubera ko umwishingizi yitwaza ko uwo ahagarariye ariwe wateje impanuka nyamara akaba nta bimenyetso byabyo yerekana. Impande zombi zasabye kandi amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka ku rwego rw’ubujurire. [5] Urukiko, rushingiye kuri izo mpaka, rusanga hakwiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: a. Kumenya niba SANLAM Assurance générales Plc ariyo igomba kuryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yo kuwa 22/10/2020 Bizimana Vedaste yakomerekeyemo; b. Ibijyanye n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka. a) Kumenya niba SANLAM Assurance générales Plc ariyo igomba kuryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yo kuwa 22/10/2020 Bizimana Vedaste yakomerekeyemo [6] Me Nkeza Clement mu izina rya SANLAM Assurance générales Plc anenga kuba mu isesengura Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwakoze ntacyo rwavuze mu buryo bweruye ko SANLAM ariyo ikwiye kuryozwa indishyi. Uhagarariye SANLAM AG PLC asanga nta buryozwe ifite muri iyi mpanuka kubera ko uregera indishyi nawe yiyemera ko yururutse mu modoka irimo kugenda kandi abizi, yabitekereje, nk’umuntu mukuru ufite imyaka 41 ngo akaba atari ayobewe ingaruka zo kururuka muri ubwo buryo ariko abirengaho. Byongeye kwemera gutwarwa mu gice cy’inyuma mu modoka, hejuru y’imifuka y’amakara nabyo ubwabyo ni ukwishyira mu kaga kuko yagombaga kubona ko umwanya uwo ari wo wose yashoboraga guhanuka bitewe n’uko aho yagenderaga hatari hagenewe gutwara abagenzi. Bityo ngo akaba atahera ku makosa ye ngo abihererwe indishyi nkuko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 41/2001 ryo kuwa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y'abangirijwe n'impanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka ivuga ko amakosa y’uwahohotewe n’impanuka amuvaniraho uburenganzira bwo guhabwa indishyi kimwe n’abamufiteho uburenganzira; bikaba bishimangirwa n’ingingo ya 124 al.1 y’itegeko N° 030/2021 ryo ku wa 30/06/2021 rigenga imitunganyirize y’umurimo w’ubwishingizi1. 1Ikigo cy’ubwishingizi gifite uburenganzira bwo kutishyura indishyi iyo igikorwa cyateje cyangwa cyagize uruhare mu kubaho kw’impamvu y’icyishingiwe cyakozwe ku bushake n’umufatabwishingizi, uwishingiwe cyangwa umugenerwabwishingizi.

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[7] Uhagarariye SANLAM Assurance générales Plc avuga ko Bizimana Vedaste nk’umugenerwabwishingizi yigerejeho ubwo yafataga icyemezo cyo gusimbuka imodoka igenda, ibi bikaba bitakwitwa uburangare bw’uwari utwaye ikinyabiziga, ahubwo ni igikorwa cyagambiriwe kandi cyakozwe n’uwahohotewe ngo kitagomba kwitwa impanuka. Ibi bikaba bishimangirwa n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021/CS. Asobanura kandi ko SANLAM itagomba kuryozwa amakosa yakozwe nkana n’umushoferi aramutse yaremereye uwahohotewe n’impanuka kwicara mu gice cy’imodoka kitemerewe gutwara abagenzi kuko binyuranyije n’ingingo ya 66 igika cya 4, y'Iteka rya Perezida N° 85/01 ryo kuwa 02/09/2002, rishyiraho amabwiriza rusange agenga imihanda n'uburyo bwo kuyigendamo, ibuza umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga gutwara abantu mu bice by’inyuma bya karisori y'icyo kinyabiziga. Iyi mpamvu nayo ubwayo ikaba yihagije kugira ngo urukiko ruvanireho SANLAM uburyozwe nkuko urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye mu rubanza RCA 00334/2020/HC/KIG, mu gika cya 24 kubijyanye nuko umwishingizi adashobora kwishingira ibyaba byatewe n’ikosa rikozwe nkana n’uwishingiwe. [8] Uhagarariye Bizimana Vedaste yiregura avuga ko Ubwishingizi imodoka RAE890E yafatiwe ari ubugamije kuryoza umwishingizi ibyo icyo kinyabiziga cyakwangiza, byaba bitewe n'icyo kinyabiziga ubwacyo cyangwa bitewe n'imyitwarire ya nyiracyo (ugitwaye). Umugenzacyaha wageze aho impanuka yabereye yemeje ko impanuka yatewe n'ubuteganye buke bw'uwari utwaye ikinyabiziga kuko atubahirije amategeko agenga uburyo bwo gutwara ikinyabiziga n'ubwo kugenda mu muhanda; Bizimana Vedaste akaba nta kosa yakoze ryavuyemo impanuka kuburyo byatuma atakaza uburenganzira ku ndishyi. Yasobanuye ko mu gihe umwishingizi abona ko uwo yishingiye yateje ibyago nkana cyangwa yaragize imyitwarire inyuranye n'iyo bumvikanye mu masezerano, icyo gihe afite kumurega (action recursoire), hagendewe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko Teka Nº32/75 ryo kuwa 7 Kanama 1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n'ibinyabiziga bigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri iteganya mu gika cya mbere ko:"Ubwishingire bugomba kwishingira uburyozwe bwa nyirikinyabiziga kigenzwa ku butaka, ubw’ugifite wese n'ubw'ugitwaye wese; kandi ko ubwishingire bugomba kwishingira ibyago biba ku bantu bahetswe mu kinyabiziga, ku mpamvu izo ari zo zose. Muri make SANLAM ijurira nta kimenyetso gihuje na kamere y'ikiburanwa igaragaza cyaherwaho byemezwa ko ari Bizimana Vedaste wateje impanuka, bityo akaba asaba ko ubujurire bwayo kuri iyi ngingo budahabwa ishingiro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [9] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc ariyo igomba kuryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yakomerekeyemo Bizimana Vedaste, mu gihe yari atwawe mu gice cy’inyuma cy’imodoka cyagenewe gutwara imizigo kandi azi ko imodoka ipakiye, ndetse no kururuka imodoka akayivamo igenda itarahagarara neza.

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[10] Uhagarariye SANLAM Assurance générales Plc asaba ko mu guca uru rubanza hazashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe ku kibazo nk’iki, aho uwahohotewe yagize impanuka atwawe mu gice cy’inyuma cyagenewe gutwara imizigo kandi bibujijwe n’amategeko, maze Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rukemeza ko muri icyo gihe umwishingizi nta shingano aba afite zo gutanga indishyi, ko ahubwo zishyurwa n’uwari wishingiye; uwo murongo ngo ukaba ugaragara mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021/CS rwaciwe kuwa 31/12/2021 haburana SANLAM Assurance générales Plc na Hatunguramye Prosper ahagarariye umwana we Tuyishimire Charles (wari utarageza ku myaka y’ubukure), Mbonyinshuti Jean Damascène na Ndagijimana Eugène ndetse n’Akarere ka Kirehe kagobokeshejwe mu rubanza. [11] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021/CS rumaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasuzumye ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya ukwiye kuryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’imodoka yari ibaruwe kuri RAA 089 W yakoze impanuka igakomerekeramo abantu. Akerere ka Kirehe kiyambaje imodoka itwara imizigo kugira ibafashe gutwara abantu muri gahunda kari kateguye, maze bapakirwa ahatwarwa imizigo barenze kure umubare w’abantu bishingiwe ndetse na nyir’iri imodoka yishingiwe ayiha umushoferi udafite uruhushya rwo gutwara imodoka. Abafite uburenganzira ku ndishyi bareze umwishingizi SANLAM Assurance générales Plc maze mu rubanza RC 00238/2018/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe kuwa 11/10/2018 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ruyitegeka kubishyura indishyi zinyuranye. [12] SANLAM Assurance générales Plc yajuririye urwo rubanza irunenga ko hirengagijwe ko ifite uburenganzira bwo kutishyura ziriya ndishyi kubera ko uwishingiwe nawe atubahirije amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bagiranye agapakira agatwara abantu barenze umubare w’abo yishyuriye ubwishingizi, akabatwara mu gice cy’inyuma cy’imodoka cyagenewe imizigo ndetse imodoka ikaba yarakoze impanuka itwawe n’umushoferi utari ufite uruhushya rwagenewe gutwara iyo modoka. Yasabye ko Akarere ka Kirehe kari gafite mu maboko iriya modoka ubwo yakoraga impanuka kagobokeshwa kugira ngo mu gihe byagaragara ko hari indishyi zigomba gutangwa gategekwe gufatanya n’uwishingiwe Gatashya Ezra utarubahirije amasezerano kuzishyura. [13] Mu rubanza RCA 00078/2018/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 17/06/2019, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM Assurance générales Plc bufite ishingiro kubera ko Gatashya Ezra n’Akarere ka Kirehe bishe amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bemera gutwara abantu 52 ahatwarwa imizigo, bemera kandi ko imodoka itwarwa n’umuntu utabifitiye uruhushya, bityo ko ibyo bitaryozwa SANLAM Assurance générales Plc, maze bategekwa gufatanya kwishyura abahohotewe indishyi zinyuranye zari zabazwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [14] Akarere ka Kirehe kahise kajuririra urwo Rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, maze mu rubanza RCAA 00025/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/07/2020, nyuma yo gusanga indishyi zagenwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe zitageze kuri 75.000.000Frw ateganywa n’ingingo ya 52, y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ndetse ko nta n’indi mpamvu iteganywa n’iyo ngingo Akarere ka Kirehe kagaragaje yatuma ubujurire bwa kabiri buba mu bubasha bwarwo, Urukiko rw'Ubujurire rwanzura ko butakiriwe. [15] Akarere ka Kirehe kandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga gasaba ko urubanza RCAA 00025/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu

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z’akarengane. Mu cyemezo N° 168/CJ/2021 cyafashwe ku wa 21/05/2021, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yemeza ko urubanza rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe nyuma yo gusanga Akarere ka Kirehe karavukijwe uburenganzira bwo kujurira bitewe kinjiye mu rubanza kagobokeshejwe bwa mbere mu Rukiko Rukiko, maze ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021/CS, ari narwo rubanza rurimo gusobanurwa SANLAM Assurance générales Plc yasabye ko rwagenderwaho nk’umurongo mu gukemura ikibazo kiri hagati yayo na Bizimana Vedaste. [16] Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’ikinyabiziga camion Fuso gifite plaque RAA 089 W yo kuwa 11/11/2014, yarateganyaga ko ubwishingizi bw’icyo kinyabiziga bwari ubwo gutwara ibicuruzwa, ndetse hakishingirwa n’imyanya 3. Rwasanze kandi ubwo iyo modoka yakoraga impanuka yari itwawe n’umushoferi udafite uruhushya rwo kuyitwara kuko urwo yari afite ari urwa moto, ndetse no kuba yari ipakiye abantu 52 ahantu isanzwe ipakira imizigo. [17] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rushingiye ku kuba abantu barapakiwe mu modoka n’Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kirehe na nyir’imodoka, ndetse bashyiraho n’umushoferi udafite uruhushya rwo gutwara imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso ibyo ari ukunyuranya n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ndetse no kutubahiriza ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 66, igika cya 4, y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 85/01 ryo ku wa 02/09/2002 rishyiraho amabwiriza rusange agenga imihanda n’uburyo bwo kuyigendamo ibuza abatwaye imodoka gushyira abagenzi ahagenewe imizigo, bityo bacibwa indishyi hingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 258 n’iya 260 z’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano ryakoreshwaga icyo gihe. [18] Mu gukosora icyo cyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze nyuma yo kubona indishyi zaragombaga gushingira ku kuba Gatashya Ezra atarubahirije amasezerano y’ubwishingizi, atari kuryozwa indishyi hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 258 n’iya 260 z’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano ryakoreshwaga icyo gihe kuko izo ngingo zitareba uburyozwe bushingiye ku kutubahiriza amasezerano (responsabilité contractuelle) ahubwo zirebana n’ubw’amakosa akozwe ku bushake n’ibisa nayo (responsabilité délictuelle et quasi-délictuelle). Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye kandi ko kuba hataratandukanyijwe uburyozwe bushingiye ku masezerano n’ubushingiye ku makosa akozwe ku bushake n’ibisa nayo byatumye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rukora amakosa yo guhuriza hamwe Gatashya Ezra, wari warasinye ayo masezerano y’ubwishingize n’Akarere ka Kirehe katarebwaga nayo, bituma rwanzura ruvuga ko “nyir’imodoka n’Akarere ka Kirehe, aribo bagomba kuryozwa indishyi”. [19] Uru Rukiko rw’Ikirenga rumaze kugaragaza ihame rusange riri mu ngingo ya 64 n’iya 113, igika cya mbere, z’Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano ko uretse mu gihe ibyateganyijwemo bifitiye undi akamaro, amasezerano agira inkurikizi ku bayagiranye gusa, rwemeje ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rutari rwabanje kugaragaza uburyo Akarere ka Kirehe kari kungukira mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi hagati ya Gatashya Ezra na SANLAM Assurance générales Plc, ntaho rwari gukura umwanzuro w’uko kagomba kurebwa n’inkurikizi zayo; rwemeza ko kuba Akerere ka Kirehe kaba karifuje imodoka ijyana abantu mu gikorwa cyo kwakira Umukuru w’Igihugu kagahabwa Camion Fuso, yakora impanuka kakohereza imodoka zako gutabara inkomere kugira ngo zigezwe kwa

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muganga, na nyuma yaho kakaba karahaye inka abari bahungabanyijwe n’iyo mpanuka ndetse kakishyura na Gatashya Ezra 9.000.000Frw yo gusana imodoka ye yakoze impanuka, ibyo nta sano bifitanye n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’imodoka yakoze impanuka kuko nta kigaragaza ko kabikoze mu rwego rwo kubahiriza inshingano runaka kari gafite zikomoka kuri ayo masezerano. [20] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga byarangiye rwemeje ko kuba Gatashya Ezra wishingiwe yaremeye gutwara abagenzi ahapakirwa imizigo, atwara abantu 52 kandi azi ko afite ubwishingizi bw’abantu batatu gusa, yemera kandi ko imodoka ye y’ikamyo itwarwa n’umushoferi udafite uruhushya rwo kuyitwara, ibi atari uburangare busanzwe ahubwo ari amakosa yo kutubahiriza inshingano yari afite mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi, akayakora abizi kandi abishaka, maze rutegeka ko ariwe ugomba kuryozwa indishyi zose zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka, ariko kuko yamaze kwitaba Imana, abazungura be be bategekwa kwishyura Ndagijimana Eugène, Mbonyinshuti Jean Damascène na Tuyishimire Charles. [21] Hagarutswe ku mpaka ziri muri uru rubanza rujuririrwa zijyanye no kumenya niba SANLAM Assurance générales Plc igomba kuryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yakomerekeyemo Bizimana Vedaste, mu gihe uyu yemeye gutwarwa mu gice cy’inyuma cy’imodoka cyagenewe gutwara imizigo kandi azi ko imodoka ipakiye, ndetse no kururuka imodoka akayivamo igenda itarahagarara neza; Urukiko rurasanga Uyu murongo uvugwa mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021/CS udashobora gukoreshwa muri uru rubanza kubera ko impamvu zashingiweho ufatwa zitandukanye cyane n’izishingirwaho na SANLAM Assurance générales Plc muri uru rubanza mu buryo bukurikira: - Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021/CS harimo umurongo w’uko umwishingizi afite uburenganzira bwo kutishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’ikinyabiziga yishingiye mu gihe habayeho ikosa ryo kutubahiriza amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ku ruhande rw’uwishingiwe nko gutwara umubare w’abantu urenze uwateganyijwe mu masezerano ndetse no kuba uwishingiwe yatanga ikinyabiziga kigatwarwa n’umushoferi utabifitiye uruhushya. - Muri uru rubanza nta kosa rijyanye no kwica inshingano zikubiye mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi SANLAM Assurance générales Plc yigeze igaragaza ryaba ryarakozwe na nyir'ikinyabiziga RAE890E cyateje ibyago harimo kuba yaba yaratwaye abantu barenze umubare wishingiwe; yewe nta n’ubwo herekanywe niba ubwo iki kinyabiziga cyakoraga impanuka cyari gitwawe n’umushoferi utabifitiye uruhushya. [22] Ahubwo inyandiko mvugo y’Umugenzacyaha wageze aho impanuka yabereye yasobanuye ko ashingiye ku buhamya bwa Habimana Daniel wari utwaye imodoka wivugiye ko ubwo yari atwaye Bizimana Vedaste yahubutse mu modoka akagwa hasi, nawe agahita amutwara kwa muganga, impanuka yatewe n'ubuteganye buke bw'uwari utwaye kuko atubahirije amabwiriza rusange agenga imihanda n’uburyo bwo kuyigendamo kibuza umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga gutwara abantu mu gice cy’inyuma cy’imodoka kandi yari ipakiye umuzigo. Bityo ibivugwa na SANLAM Assurance générales Plc ko Bizimana Vedaste wahohotewe ariwe nyir’amakosa kubera ko yemeye gutwarwa mu gice cy’imodoka cy’inyuma kandi bitemewe bikaba nta shingiro bifite kubera ko izo nshingano zo gutwara abantu no kumenya aho bicazwa ari iz’umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga ugitwaye.

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[23] Urukiko rurasanga SANLAM Assurance générales Plc ariyo igomba kuryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku byago byatewe n’impanuka y’imodoka RAE890E igakomerekeramo Bizimana Vedaste, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 al. 1,2 y’itegeko teka no 32/75 ryo kuwa 7 Kanama 1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n'ibinyabiziga bigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri ivuga ko : Ubwishingire bugomba kwishingira uburyozwe bwa nyir'ikintu kigenzwa ku butaka, ubw'ugifite wese n'ubw'ugitwaye wese, uretse uburyozwe bw'ababa bihaye icyo kintu bacyibye cyangwa bakoresheje kiboko. Ubwishingire bugomba kwishingira kandi ibyago biba ku bantu bahetswe, ku mpamvu izo arizo zose n'ikigenzwa ku butaka cyateye ibyo byago. [24] Iyi ngingo isobanuye ko Ubwishingire bugomba kwishingira uburyozwe bwose bwa nyir'ikintu kigenzwa ku butaka, ubw'ugifite wese n'ubw'ugitwaye wese, mu gihe agitwaye atacyibye cyangwa se yagitwaye akoresheje kiboko. Ibyo bivuze ko mu gihe Habimana Daniel yari afite icyo kinyabiziga mu buryo bwemewe, ndetse ntihabeho kwica inshingano zikubiye mu masezerano u’ubwishinzi nyir’ikinyabiziga yakoranye na SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc, Umwishingizi ategetswe kwishingira ibyago byabaye kuri Bizimana Vedaste wari uhetswe n’icyo kinyabiziga ku mpamvu izo arizo zose. Bitandukanye n’ibivugwa n’umwishingizi ko afite uburenganzira bwo kudatanga indishyi kuko habayeho ikosa ry’umushoferi ryo kwica nkana amategeko yo kugendamu muhanda ariko akirengagiza ko muri uru rubanza haburanywa uburyozwe bushingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’imodoka RAE890E, kuburyo haramutse hari amakosa ku ruhande yaba yarakozwe n’umushoferi ariko adafite aho ahuriye n’ibikubiye mu masezerano yabyikurikiranira uwishingiwe ubwe nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Teka No32/75 ryo kuwa 07/08/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingizi bw’uburyozwe butegetswe ku binyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri iteganya ko nta cyabera intambamyi ku buryozwe sosiyete y'ubwishingizi igomba uwahohotewe. Mu gihe yasanga hari ibyo igomba gusubizwa ikazikurikiranira nyir'ikinyabiziga. b) Kumenya niba SANLAM Assurance générales Plc yahabwa indishyi z’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cy’Avocat ku rwego rwa mbere no mu bujurire [25] Uhagarariye SANLAM Assurance générales Plc asaba indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza z’amaharere zingana na 1.000.000Frw hamwe na 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cy’avocat n’ikurikirana rubanza kuva ku rwego rwa mbere no mu bujurire kuko yarezwe mu rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere ndetse biba ngombwa kujurira. Uhagarariye Bizimana Vedaste avuga ko SANLAM ishingira ubujurire bwayo ku kuba uwahohotewe ariwe wateye impanuka ariko ikaba itabigaragariza ikimenyetso kuburyo ngo ntabyo yereka isaba indishyi. [26] Hagendewe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kikaba kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo; Urukiko rurasanga indishyi zisabwa SANLAM Assurance générales Plc nta shingiro zifite kuko bigaragara ko ariyo itsindwa n’ikirego muri uru rubanza ariko igakomeza ikajurira. Urukiko rurasanga ahubwo izisabwa na Bizimana Vedaste ku rwego rw’ubujurire zo zifite ishingiro, ariko zikaba zigomba

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gutangwa mu bushishozi bw’urukiko hagendewe ku mirimo yakozwe muri uru rubanza aho bigaragara ko ababuranyi bitabye urukiko inshuro eshatu gusa, bityo akaba agenewe amafaranga 500.000Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cya SANLAM Assurance générales Plc nta shingiro gifite. [28] Rutegetse SANLAM AG PLC guha Bizimana Vedaste indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na Miliyoni enye n’ ibihumbi magana atatu na cumi na birindwi n’ amafaranga Maganatandatu ( 4.317.600Frw), indishyi z’ akababaro zingana n’ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo itatu na bibiri ( 432,000Frw) , indishyi z’ ibangamira ry’uburanga zingana n’ ibihumbi Magana abiri na cumi na bitandatu ( 216.000Frw), amafaraga yakoreshejwe angana n’ibihumbi magana atatu n’amafaranga Magana ane na mirongo itatu ( 300,430Frw) yakoreshejwe mu kwivuza, gushaka ibyangombwa n’ingendo, igihembo cy’ avoka kingana n’ ibihumbi Magana atanu ( 500,000Frw), no kumusubiza amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri ( 20,000Frw) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama y’uru rubanza. Indishyi zose hamwe uko ari miliyoni eshanu n’ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo inani na bitandatu n’amafaranga mirongo itatu (5,786,030Frw) itazitanga ku neza kandi mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko zikazavanwa mu byayo ku ngufu za Leta. [29] Rutegetse SANLAM Assurance générales Plc kwishyura Bizimana Vedaste indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka ku rwego rw’ubujurire zingana n’amafaranga 500.000Frw, itazitanga ku neza kandi mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko zikazavanwa mu byayo ku ngufu za Leta. [30] Ruvuze ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe na SANLAM Assurance générales Plc ijurira ihera mu isanduku ya Leta.