SANLAM INSURANCE COMPANY LTD v. ISHIMWE

# SANLAM INSURANCE COMPANY LTD v. ISHIMWE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-05-24 - Case/document no.: RCA00080/2021/HC/MUS - Collection: Court of Appeal

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SANLAM ASSURANCES GENERALES Plc v. ISHIMWE FABRICE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA00024/2022/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 24 Gasyantare 2023 ] Itegeko rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri biturutse ku mpanuka – kubara indishyi – kuba umuntu afite amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kizwi, ntabwo yabarirwa indishyi zikomoka ku bumuga yatewe n’impanuka hashigiwe ku mushahara muto ntarengwa w'umwaka wemewe n'amategeko (SMIG), kandi afite umushara uzwi. Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – kwemera ikirego – Uregwa aba yemeye ikirego iyo yemeye ibyo umurega asaba urukiko cyangwa icyo urubanza rumutsinda rwategetse. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Ishimwe arega Sanlam Assurances Generales mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, kubera impanuka yagize ku wa 20/09/2020 ikamusigira ubumuga bwa 60%, agerageza gusaba indishyi mu bwumvikane ntibyakunda. Asaba Urukiko gutegeka Sanlam Assurances Generales kumuha indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yamukomerekeje zikubiyemo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, iz’akababaro, iz’ibangamiraburanga, izo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka, iz’uburambe ku kazi n’amafaranga yakoresheje kwa muganga yivuza, nayandi. Sanlam Assurances Generales yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego ngo cya Ishimwe ivuga ko yagiye gushaka ikigero cy’ubumuga buhoraho ku bitaro bya Kibagabaga bitamuvuye kandi akirwaye. Urukiko mu rubanza RC 00199/2020/TGI/RBV rwemeje ko inzitizi ya Sanlam Assurances Generales nta shingiro ifite, hanyuma rwemeza ko ikirego cya Ishimwe gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka Sanlam Assurances Generales kumuha indishyi zitandukanye. Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo, maze ikijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, inenga kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwarakiriye ikirego cya Ishimwe bidakwiye, kuko yagaragaje icyemezo cy’uko yasuzumwe na muganga wo mu bitaro bya Kibagabaga, kandi yaragombaga gusuzumwa na muganga w’ibitaro bya CHUK kuko ari we wari wamusuzumye na mbere Ishimwe yireguye avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd nta shingiro zifite, kuko yasuzumwe na muganga wemewe na Leta, akayishyikiriza ibisabwa byose ayisaba ko yamuha indishyi mu bwumvikane, na muganga wayo akaba yaramusuzumye ariko ntamuhe ibisubizo, bigatuma yitabaza Urukiko ngo rumurenganure. Yatanze kandi ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, asaba ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zabarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara yahembwaga nk’uko yabigaragarije ibimenyetso ku rwego rubanza. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00080/2021/HC/MUS, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd nta shingiro bufite, ko kandi ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa Ishimwe bufite ishingiro.

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Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo maze ikijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire irusaba gusuzuma niba indishyi zategetswe mu rubanza RCA00080/2021/HC/MUS zaragenwe mu buryo bukurikije Amategeko. Ishimwe yiregura avuga ko ubujurire bwa Sanlam Insurances Company Ltd nta shingiro bufite, kuko indishyi mbangamirabukungu yagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru, rwazishingiye ku bimenyetso yarushyikirije bigaragaza umushahara yatahanaga ku kwezi ungana na 300.000Frw no ku biteganywa n’Itegeko, kandi ko Sanlam Issurance Company Ltd itashoboye kubivuguruza, bityo ko zigomba kugumaho. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RCAA00024/2022/CA rwemeje ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zabazwe n’Urukiko Rukuru hashingiwe ku mushahara uzwi Ishimwe yahembwaga aho gushingira ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa nta kosa rwakoze. Urukiko kandi rushingiye ku kuba uwajuriye yaremeranyijwe n’uregwa ko kubara indishyi mbangamiraburanga n’indishyi mbangamiraburambe ku kazi, byagombaga gushingira ku mushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko (SMIG), aho gushingira ku mushahara wa 300.000Frw wemejwe ko Ishimwe yatahanaga ku kwezi, Urukiko rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe kuri izo ngingo igomba guhinduka, izo ndishyi zigasubirwamo mu kuzibara nk’uko byifujwe na Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd. Ku bindi, hagumyeho imikirize y’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1.kuba umuntu afite amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kizwi, ntabwo yabarirwa indishyi zikomoka ku bumuga yatewe n’impanuka hashigiwe ku mushahara muto ntarengwa w'umwaka wemewe n'amategeko (SMIG), kandi afite umushara uzwi. 2. Uregwa aba yemeye ikirego iyo yemeye ibyo umurega asaba urukiko cyangwa icyo urubanza rumutsinda rwategetse. Bityo kuba urega n’uregwa bemeranyije mu iburanisha uburyo indishyi zigomba kubarwa, uko babyemeranyijwe niko bigomba kwemezwa n’Urukiko. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho : Itegeko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 125,111 Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3 Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyuririre y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, Ingingo ya 3,4 Iteka rya Perezida N°31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri biturutse ku mpanuka, Ingingo ya 18,19 Nta manza zifashishijwe.

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 20/09/2020, mu Mudugudu wa Kazabe, mu Kagari ka Kazabe, mu Murenge wa Ngororero, mu Karere ka Ngororero, imodoka Mitsubishi Fuso ifite plaque RAD 963F, ifite ubwishingizi muri Sanlam Assurances Generales yari itwawe na Iradukunda Olivier iva Muhanga yerekeza Musanze, yageze aho bita Nyirantarengwa, igonga moto yo mu bwoko bwa TVS, ifite plaque RB 534 Z yari itwawe na Nyirimanzi Patrick ahetse Ishimwe Fabrice, uyu avunika ukuboko n’ukuguru agira ubumuga buhoraho bwemejwe na muganga ko buri ku kigero cya 60%. [2] Ishimwe Fabrice yasabye Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc indishyi zijyanye n’iyo mpanuka mu bwumvikane ntibyashoboka, bituma ku wa 30/12/2020 arega Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, ikirego cye gihabwa RC00199/2020/TGI/RBV, asaba Urukiko kuyitegeka kumuha indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yamukomerekeje zikubiyemo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, iz’akababaro, iz’ibangamiraburanga, izo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka, iz’uburambe ku kazi n’amafaranga yakoresheje kwa muganga yivuza, kugura ibyangombwa, ingendo n’igihembo cya Avoka. [3] Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira icyo kirego ngo kuko Ishimwe Fabrice yagiye gushaka ikigero cy’ubumuga buhoraho ku bitaro bya Kibagabaga bitamuvuye kandi akirwaye. Bityo ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, iz’akababaro, iz’ibangamiraburanga, izo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka, iz’uburambe ku kazi n’amafaranga yakoresheje kwa muganga yivuza, kugura ibyangombwa asaba adakwiye kuzihabwa kuko zibariye ku bumuga buhoraho bwatanzwe n’ibitaro bitigeze bimukurikirana, ko ahubwo akwiye gusubira mu Bitaro byamukurikiranye kugira ngo asuzumwe. Kandi ko n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asaba adakwiye kuyahabwa kuko ari we wishoye mu manza. [4] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwasuzumye ibibazo bijyanye no kumenya niba ikirego cya Ishimwe Fabrice kigomba kwakirwa, kumenya umushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe ku mwaka, ibyerekeye indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, indishyi z’akababaro, indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga, indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka, ibirebana n’indishyi z’uburambe ku kazi, n’ibirebana n’andi mafaranga yakoresheje. [5] Ku wa 26/11/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwakijije urwo rubanza, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Ishimwe Fabrice gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd kumwishyura indishyi ziteye zitya: 6.207.476Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, 1.080.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, 1.080.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiraburanga, 2.160.000 Frw y’indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka, 540.000Frw y’indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe y’akazi, 992.044Frw yakoresheje mu bintu binyuranye, indishyi zose hamwe zikaba 12.059.520Frw. Rutegeka kandi Sanlam Assurances Generales gusubiza Ishimwe Fabrice 20.000Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze ayirega. [6] Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo, maze ikijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ubujurire bwayo buhabwa RCA00080/2021/HC/MUS inenga

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kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwarakiriye ikirego cya Ishimwe Fabrice bidakwiye, ngo kuko yagaragaje icyemezo (expertise médicale) cy’uko yasuzumwe na muganga wo mu bitaro bya Kibagabaga, kandi yaragombaga gusuzumwa na muganga w’ibitaro bya CHUK kuko ari we wari wamusuzumye na mbere, asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko ikirego cya Ishimwe Fabrice kitagombaga kwakirwa, no gutegeka ko asubira kwisuzumisha muri CHUK cyangwa se akemera ko hashyirwaho itsinda ry’abaganga. [7] Ishimwe Fabrice yireguye avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd nta shingiro zifite, kuko yasuzumwe na muganga wemewe na Leta, agashyikiriza Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd ibisabwa byose ayisaba ko yamuha indishyi mu bwumvikane, na muganga wayo akaba yaramusuzumye ariko ntamuhe ibisubizo, bigatuma yitabaza Urukiko ngo rumurenganure. Ko Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd yajuriye igamije kudindiza urubanza, kuko itagaragaza itegeko Urukiko rwishe mu kwakira ikirego cye. Mu gusoza, asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Sanlam nta shingiro bufite. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd yasabye, avuga ko nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa, kubera ko ari yo itarubahirije ibyo amategeko ateganya, ahubwo igakomeza kumusiragiza mu manza. [8] Yanatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, asaba ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zabarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara yahembwaga nk’uko yabigaragarije ibimenyetso ku rwego rubanza, no ku byo Itegeko riteganya ku muntu wakoreraga umushahara uzwi. [9] Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwasuzumye ibibazo bijyanye no kumenya niba ikirego cya Ishimwe Fabrice cyari gikwiye kwakirwa kigasuzumwa mu mizi ku rwego rwa mbere, kumenya niba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere zarabazwe mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko, kumenya niba indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe mu kazi Ishimwe Fabrice yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere zaragenwe mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko, kumenya niba ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa Ishimwe Fabrice bufite ishingiro, no kumenya niba indishyi Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd yasabye kuri urwo rwego rw’ubujurire zifite ishingiro. [10] Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rushingiye ku bisobanuro no ku bimenyetso byatanzwe n’ababuranyi, ku ngingo ya 4 y’Iteka rya Perezida N°31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri biturutse ku mpanuka zitewe

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n’ibinyabiziga1, ku ngingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida rimaze kuvugwa haruguru, iteganya ko … ʺ Ibangamira ry'uburambe mu kazi: gutakaza amahirwe y'akazi umunyeshuri wo mu mashuri yisumbuye, wo mu mashuri y'imyuga, wo mu mashuri makuru cyangwa andi angana na yo ashobora kwizera, gutakaza uburambe mu kazi ku muntu wari usanzwe akora. Ku wa mbere, amafaranga agomba gutangwa ntashobora kurenga umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko. Ku wa kabiri, ayo mafaranga agarukira gusa ku mezi atandatu y'umusaruro abazwe kandi atarengeje inshuro 30 umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko no ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 CPCCSA, ʺ rwasanze Ishimwe Fabrice yarubahirije ibyo yasabwaga byose kandi yarabikoze mu gihe cya ngombwa, naho Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd itarakoze ibyo yasabwaga, kuko nyuma yo gushyikirizwa raporo yakozwe na muganga w’ibitaro bya Leta bya Kibagabaga, muganga wayo yakoze contre-expertise ariko ntiyigera amenyesha ISHIMWE Fabrice wahohotewe icyavuye ku isuzuma yakorewe, ibyo ari na byo byatumye agana Inkiko ngo zimurenganure, kandi kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwarakiriye ikirego cye byubahirije amategeko , bityo agomba kugenerwa indishyi zitandukanye. ʺ [11] Ku wa 26/05/2022 Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwakijije urwo rubanza, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd nta shingiro bufite, ko kandi ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa Ishimwe Fabrice bufite ishingiro. Rutegeka Sanlam Assurance Company Ltd guha ISHIMWE Fabrice indishyi ziteye gutya : 20.691.588Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’ubukungu, 1.080.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, 1.080.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga, 2.160.000Frw zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka,1.800.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi, 992.044Frw yakoresheje hakubiyemo n’igihembo cya Avocat, 20.000Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze arega ku rwego rwa mbere, 250.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avocat mu bujurire. Rutegeka ko urubanza RC00199/2020/TGI/RBV rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu ku wa 26/11/2021 ruhindutse ku byerekeye indishyi. Rutegeka kandi ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe na Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd ijurira ihwanye n’imirimo yakozwe muri urwo rubanza. 1Iyi ngingo iteganya ibikurikira: «Uwahohotewe agomba kugeza ku mwishingizi, mu gihe gito gishoboka, icyemezo cy'umuganga cyangwa cy'abaganga bamuvura, gisobanura neza ibikomere yagize, kandi uko avurwa cyangwa uko azavurwa. Mu gihe avurirwa mu bitaro, uwahohotewe agomba kwerekana icyemezo cy'umuganga gisobanura neza amatariki yinjiriyeho mu bitaro n'ayo yabisohokeyeho. Icyemezo kigomba kandi gusobanura neza itariki yasubiriyeho ku kazi burundu cyangwa yongereyeho kugakora igice, byaba bidashobotse, hagatangwa impamvu umuvura adatanga ibyo bisobanuro. Naho ingingo ya 5 ya ririya teka yo iteganya ko Akimara kubona icyo cyemezo cyangwa ibyo byemezo, umwishingizi ashobora, igihe asanze ari ibyo bisobanuro. Naho ingingo ya 5 ya ririya teka yo iteganya ko Akimara kubona icyo cyemezo cyangwa ibyo byemezo, umwishingizi ashobora, igihe asanze ari ngombwa, kwitabaza undi muganga kugira ngo asuzume ibyo byemezo, uwo muganga kandi ashobora kwifashisha abandi baganga bamufasha gukora ibizami byihariye cyangwa bamwungura ibitekerezo. Umwishingizi agomba mu buryo bwose kumenyesha uwahohotewe mu minsi mirongo itatu ikurikira, icyemezo cye kuri gahunda y'ubuvuzi, cyangwa izina ry'umuganga we. Uwahohotewe agomba kujyana, aramutse abishatse, n'umuganga cyangwa n'abaganga yihitiyemo, igihe cyose agiye kwisuzumisha no gukoresha ibizami byategetswe na muganga w'umwishingizi. Icyo gihe, agomba kwerekana dosiye ye yose yo kwa muganga irebana n'impanuka. lyi dosiye ishobora gutangwa n'abategetsi bo kwa muganga babishinzwe»

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[12] Ku wa 27/06/2022, Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd yajuririye urubanza RCA00080/2021/HC/MUS mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwayo buhabwa RCAA00024/2022/CA, irusaba gusuzuma niba indishyi mbangamirabukungu Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwayitegetse kwishyura Ishimwe Fabrice zingana na 20.691.588 Frw zari zikwiye, gusuzuma niba indishyi z’ibangamiraburanga yagenewe zari zikwiye, no gusuzuma niba indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi zingana na 1.800.000 Frw yagenewe zarabazwe hubahirijwe ibiteganywwa n’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. Igasaba kandi kugenerwa indishyi zo kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire. [13] Ishimwe Fabrice yiregura avuga ko ubujurire bwa Sanlam Insurances Company Ltd nta shingiro bufite, kuko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zingana na 20.691.588 Frw yagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwazishingiye ku bimenyetso yarushyikirije bigaragaza umushahara yatahanaga ku kwezi ungana na 300.000Frw no ku biteganywa n’Itegeko, kandi ko Sanlam Assurance Company Ltd itashoboye kubivuguruza, bityo ko zigomba kugumaho. Ko kandi n’indishyi z’ibangamiraburanga yagenewe zingana na 1.080.000 Frw n’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi zingana na 1.800.000Frw yagenewe zubahirije amategeko2. [14] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 08/02/2023, Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc iburana ihagarariwe na Me Gahutu Joseph, naho Ishimwe Fabrice ahagarariwe na Me Nzayisenga Charles. Hasuzumwe mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe ikibazo cy’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ziyongereye kubera kuzibarira ku mushahara uzwi wa Fabrice ugera kuri 300.000Frw ku kwezi, mu gihe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye zari zarabariwe ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe

n’amategeko,

ikibazo

cy’imibarire

y’indishyi

mbangamiraburanga n’iz’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi ndetse n’ikibazo cy’ibyagiye ku rubanza. Izo ngingo akaba ari zo zigomba gusuzumwa muri iri sesengura rikurikiraho, nyuma Urukiko ruvuga ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 24/02/2023. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Gusuzuma niba indishyi mbangamirabukungu zagenewe Ishimwe Fabrice zarabazwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [15] Me Gahutu Joseph, uhagarariye sanlam assurances generales plc, avuga ko mu gika cya 19 cy’urubanza RCA00080/2021/HC/MUS rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze rwavuze ko Ishimwe Fabrice yahembwaga umushahara ungana na 300.000Frw kandi akayahembwa mu ntoki, kandi bidakwiye, aho rwagize ruti:”Ikindi kandi muri dosiye hakaba harimo ibyemezo by’umukoresha wa Ishimwe Fabrice bigaragaza ko yahemberwaga muri comptabilite ya Company, ko umushahara we utanyuraga kuri Banque“, hanyuma mu gika cya 20 cy’urwo rubanza rukavuga ko Ishimwe Fabrice yahembwaga umushahara ungana na 300.000Frw ku kwezi, akayatahana uko yakabaye, akaba rero agomba kugenerwa indishyi 2 Gusa ku birebana n’izi ndishyi z’ibangamiraburanga n’iz’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi, ku munsi w’iburanisha uwaburaniraga ISHIMWE Fabrice yemeranyijwe n’uwajuriye ko zabazwe nabi mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ko zagombaga kubarirwa ku mushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko aho kuwubarira ku mushahara uzwi wa 300.000 Frw ku kwezi.

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z’ibangamirabukungu zibazwe hashingiwe ku mushahara yahembwaga, aho gushingira ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa nk’umutu utaragiraga akazi kazwi, kandi rugashingira kuri ibyo rudasubukuye iburanisha. [16] Asobanura ko Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rwajuririwe rutagombaga kubigenza rutyo kuko inyandiko yo ku wa 26/05/2022 yagaragajwe ivuga umushahara ungana na 300.000Frw yatahanaga kandi bikorewe muri comptabilite ya Company udakwiye gufatwa nk’ukuri, kuko muri iki gihugu bitemewe ko umuntu yahembwa umushara ungana utyo utanyujijwe kuri banki ndetse udatangiwe imisoro. Ikindi kandi ngo ni uko mu masezerano y’akazi bavuga ko umushahara mbumbe (salaire global) ungana na 300.000Frw, bikaba ari ibintu bibiri binyuranye bitashoboka. Bityo ko Sanlam Assurance Company Ltd isanga mu gihe Urukiko nyuma yo kwanga kwemeza ko ikirego kitagombaga kwakirwa no kwanga gutegeka ko hashyirwaho itsinda ry’abaganga nk’uko yabisabaga, rwagombaga kugumishaho indishyi zingana na (3.000Frw x 30jours x 12mois x 41 ans x 60% = 6.207.476Frw, 1 + (8% x 41ans) kuko ISHIMWE Fabrice atashoboye kugaragaza umushahara yatahanaga buri kwezi havuyemo imisoro, imisanzu ya RSSB n’ibindi, ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zingana na 20.691.588 Frw zitari zikwiye gutangwa. Ibimenyetso avuga ko ashingiraho ni amasezerano y'akazi yo kuwa 01/07/2019 agaragaza umushahara mbumbe na raporo y'ibitaro bya CHUK yo ku wa 21/12/2020. Naho ku byerekeye amategeko, avuga ko ashingira ku ngingo ya 18 y’Iteka rya Perezida nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. [17] Mu gusoza asaba Urukiko gutegeka ko Ishimwe Fabrice yazasuzumwa na CHUK kugira ngo hamenyekane igipimo cy’ubumuga cyizewe kuko mu nyandiko yo kuwa 19/10/2020 CHUK yari yagaragaje ko afite ubumuga bw’igihe gito bwa 70% bumara igihe cy’amezi atandatu (6mois) , hanyuma igipimo cy’ubumuga kibonetse akaba ari cyo gishingirwaho mu kumugenera indishyi, kuko icyo Urukiko rwashingiyeho ruzigena ari icyo yagiye kwipisha ku Bitaro bya Kibagabaga kuwa 10/11/2020 nyuma y’amezi abiri kandi inyandiko yo kuwa 21/12/2020 yatanzwe na CHUK igaragaza ko yari akirwaye. [18] Me Bizimungu Jean Christophe, uhagarariye Ishimwe Fabrice, yiregura kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire yatanzwe na Sanlam Assurance Generales Plc avuga ko nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa, kuko Urukiko mu kugenera Ishimwe Fabrice indishyi mbangamirabukungu rwashingiye ku biteganywa n’Itegeko birebana n’umurimo yakoraga muri Company, n’umusaruro yatahanaga ku kwezi, nk’uko ingingo ya 18 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ibiteganya, kandi ko kuba yarahembwaga muri compatabilite nta Tegeko ribibuza, cyane ko Company yakorerarga itabihakana, no kuba Sanlam Assurance Company Ltd yarikoreye iperereza igasanga ibimenyetso Ishimwe Fabrice yatanze ari byo koko, kandi nta kibazo bifite. [19] Avuga kandi ko kuba Sanlam yarajuriye ivuga ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zigomba kubarirwa kuri SMG ku muntu utagira akazi kazwi nta shingiro bifite, kuko Ishimwe Fabrice yari afite umurimo akora ahemberwa nk’uko bigargazwa n’amasezerano y’akazi n’icyemezo cy’umushahara, kandi ko ari na ko ingingo ya 18 y’Iteka ryavuzwe haruguru ibiteganya, bityo ko atagomba gufatwa nk’utagira akazi kandi abifitiye ibimenyetso. Ko rero uretse kuba Sanlam Assurance Company Ltd ivuga mu magambo gusa ko Ishimwe Fabrice atagombaga kugenerwa

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indishyi, mu bujurire bwayo nta bimenyetso ibigaragariza, ndetse ko nta n’Itegeko igaragaza Urukiko rwaba rwarirengagije, ndetse ko ikibazo kirebana n’imishahara impande zombi zakigiyeho impaka mu iburanisha ry’urubanza RCA00080/2021/HC/MUS ikabura ikimenyetso kivuguruza ibyatanzwe na Ishimwe Fabrice, kandi ko no muri ubu bujurire ntabyo itanga. [20] Asoza asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zingana na 20.691.588Frw Ishimwe Fabrice yagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze zigumyeho, kuko mu kuzigena rwashingiye ku bimenyetso yarushyikirije bigaragaza umushahara yatahanaga ku kwezi no ku bitegnywa n’Itegeko, kandi ko SANLAM Assurance Company Ltd itashoboye kubivuguruza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Ingingo ya 4 igika cya 3 y’Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyuririre y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka igateganya ibi bikurikira: “Inyungu zigomba gushingirwaho mu kugena izo ndishyi, ku bangirijwe bahembwaga umushahara, ni umushahara ubwawo wemezwa n'inyandiko mpamo zose zishoboka, hamwe n'izindi nyungu zidakomoka ku mushahara, uwangirijwe agaragariza ibimenyetso”. [22] Ingingo ya 18 igika cya 1 y’Iteka rya Perezida N°31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri biturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ibi bikurikira: “Iyo ari ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30%, indishyi y'ibangamirabukungu ikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko akurikira: Iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, ahabwa amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe igihembo umuntu atahana, urwego rw'ubumuga n'imyaka ye”. [23] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo (J.O no spécial du 19/07/2004) iteganya ibikurikira: “Buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. Umucamanza ashobora nyamara gutegeka umuburanyi wese gutanga gihamya y’ibimenyetso afite”. [24] Muri uru rubanza hari ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ku kubarira Ishimwe Fabrice indishyi mbangamirabukungu haragombaga gushingirwa ku mushahara wa 300.000Frw wagaragajwe muri comptabilité ya Company akorera cyangwa se niba hari gushingirwa kuri SMIG ibarirwaho ku badafite umushahara uzwi. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga dosiye y’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, igaragaza ko Ishimwe Fabrice ari umukozi wagiranye amazezerano y’ubwubatsi ku wa 01/07/2019 (Chef de chantier) na Muhororo Busines Company Ltd ihagarariwe na Anastase Niyonsenga, ku gihembo kingana na 300.000Frw ku kwezi mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri3. Icyo kimenyetso cyashyizwe muri dosiye ku wa 19/04/2022 mbere y’uko urubanza ruburanishwa ku wa 05/05/2022 kandi cyari cyaraburanishijwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu4. Raporo ya muganga wasuzumye Ishimwe Fabrice yo ku wa 11/10/2020 igaragaza ko yagize ubumuga buhoraho bwa 60% ku 3 Reba ikimenyetso cya 007 cya dossier.

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bw’impanuka yatewe n’imodoka Mitsubishi Fuso ifite plaque RAD 963 F, ifite ubwishingizi muri Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc yari itwawe na Iradukunda Olivier ku wa 20/09/20205. Ibyo bikaba ari ibimenyetso bihagije kwerekana ko Ishimwe Fabrice yari umukozi wa Muhororo Busines Company Ltd ukorera umushahara wari uzwi mu gihe cy’iyo mpanuka. [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo z’amategeko zibukijwe haruguru, rurasanga uburyo Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze rwasesenguye iki kibazo cy’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibazwe hashingiwe ku mushahara uzwi Ishimwe Fabrice yahembwaga aho gushingira ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa nk’umutu utaragiraga akazi kazwi mu bika bya 17-20 bigomba guhabwa ishingiro n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kuko Sanlam Assurances Generales itashoboye kubivuruza; bityo imikirize kuri iki kibazo ikaba igumye uko iri, Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd ikaba igomba kwishyura Ishimwe Fabrice indishyi mbangamirabukungu zingana na 20.691.588 Frw nk’uko zagenwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Gusuzuma niba indishyi z’ibangamiraburanga n’indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi ISHIMWE Fabrice yagenewe mu rubanza RCA 00080/2021/HC/MUS zari zikwiye [27] Me Gahutu Joseph, uhagarariye Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01, ryo ku wa 25/08/2003, rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, avuga ko indishyi z’ibangamiraburanga Ishimwe Fabrice akwiye kugenerwa zingana na 3000 x 30 x 12 x 40% = 432.000Frw, aho kuba 1.080.000Frw kuko afite urwego rwa 4 rw'ibangamira ry'uburanga. [28] Avuga kandi ko ko mu gika cya 25 cy’urubanza RCA00080/2021/HC/MUS rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, mu kugenera Ishimwe Fabrice indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi, rwazibariye ku mushara ungana na 300.000 Frw, rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko indishyi z’ibangamira riterekeye umutungo (iz’ububabare, iz’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi, iz’ibangamiraburanga n’izo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka) zibarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko (salaire annuel minimum interprofessionnel garanti=SIMIG). Bityo ko rwagombaga kuzibara ku buryo zihwana na 3000 x 30 x 6= 540.000 Frw nk’uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwari rwazibaze. [29] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 08/02/2023, Me Nzayisenga Charles, uhagarariye Ishimwe Fabrice, yavuze ko yemeranwa n’uburanira Sanlam ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru kuri iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA 4 Reba ikimenyetso cya 020 muri iyo dossier na PV y’iburanisha ryo ku wa 10/11/2021 ubwo ISHIMWE Fabrice yatangaga ikirego cy’inyongera ku ndishyi mbangamirabukungu no ku ndishyi mbangamiraburambe ku kazi asaba ko zabarirwa kuri 300.000 Frw yatahanaga buri kwezi. 5 Reba ikimenyetso cya 001 muri dossier ya TGI Rubavu muri PV de constat.

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[30] Ingingo ya 125, ibika bya 1-3, y’Itegeko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Uregwa aba yemeye ikirego iyo yemeye ibyo umurega asaba urukiko cyangwa icyo urubanza rumutsinda rwategetse. Kwemera ikirego bikorwa ku bushake bw’umuntu ku giti cye, bigira agaciro bitagombye kwemerwa n’uwo baburana. Umuntu ashobora kwemera icyo aregwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose. Ashobora kucyemera yeruye cyangwa ateruye akabigaragaza mu migirire ye yerekana neza ko yemeye ibyo umuburanyi we amurega cyangwa arangiza ibyo urukiko rumutegetse”. [31] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rushingiye ku ngingo z’itegeko yibukijwe haruguru no ku kuba uregwa yaremeranyijwe n’uwajuriye mu iburanisha ku mibarire y’indishyi mbangamiraburanga n’indishyi mbangamiraburambe ku kazi zajuririwe, hashingiwe ku mushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko (SMIG), aho gushingira ku mushahara wa 300.000Frw wemejwe ko Ishimwe Fabrice yatahanaga ku kwezi, Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze rwazibariyeho, rurasanga, imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe kuri izo ngingo igomba guhinduka, Urukiko rukemeza ko izo ndishyi zisubirwamo mu kuzibara nk’uko byifujwe n’uwajuriye. [32] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibivugwa na Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc kuri izi ngingo z’ubujurire bigomba guhabwa ishingiro, maze rukemeza ko iyi sosiyete (Socité) yishyura ISHIMWE Fabrice indishyi z’ibangamiraburanga zibazwe muri ubu buryo : 3000 x 30 x 12 x 40% = 432.000Frw, aho kuba 1.080.000Frw kuko afite urwego rwa 4 rw'ibangamira ry'uburanga. Ikamuha kandi indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi zibazwe muri ubu buryo : 3.000Frw x 30 x 6= 540.000Frw. Ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi. [33] Me Gahutu Joseph uhagarariye Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka ISHIMWE Fabrice guha Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc indishyi zingana na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, n’igarama yatanze ijurira ashingiye ku gingo ya 111 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 (CPCCSA). [34] Mu kwiregura kuri izo ndishyi, abahagarariye Ishimwe Fabrice bavuze ko ntazo Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc yahabwa basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko nta faranga na rimwe ikwiye guhabwa kuko urubanza ruhari kubera amakosa yayo yaranze kumvikana. [35] Me Bizimungu Jean Christophe ahagarariye Ishimwe Fabrice yasabye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuyitegeka kumuha 800.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avocat, na 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza yo kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire, yiyongera ku yategetswe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [36] Uhagarariye Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc yiregura ku ndishyi ISHIMWE Fabrice asaba ntazo akwiyeguhabwa kuko nta shingiro zifite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[37] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibi bikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [38] Hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo, Urukiko rurasanga nta ndishyi z’ibyagenze ku rubanza kuri uru rwego zigomba gutegekwa umuburanyi kuzishyura undi kuko buri muburanyi agira ibyo atsindira kuri uru rwego, hakaba nta ruhande kuri uru rwego rwafatwa ko ari rwo rwatsinze urundi ku buryo uwatsinzwe yategekwa kwishyura izi ndishyi uwatsinze. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [39] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe ; [40] Rwemeje ko urubanza RCA00080/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 26/05/2022, ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’ingano y‘indishyi mbangamiraburanga n’indishyi mbangamiraburambe ku kazi ; [41] Rutegetse Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc kwishyura Ishimwe Fabrice 432.000Frw y’indishyi mbangamiraburanga na 540.000Frw y’indishyi mbangamiraburambe ku kazi zisimbura izari zabazwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe ; [42] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’amagarama y’uru rubanza Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc yatanze ijurira ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo ;