SANLAM INSURANCE COMPANY LTD v KIZANYE N’ABANDI

# SANLAM INSURANCE COMPANY LTD v KIZANYE N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-09-22 - Case/document no.: RCA00079/2022/HC/RWG - Collection: High Court

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SANLAM INSURANCE COMPANY LTD v KIZANYE N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU URUGEREKO RWA RWAMAGANA – RS/INJUST/RC 00004/2023/CA (Mugeyo P.J.) 22 Nzeri 2023 Amategeko mbonezamubano – Itegeko rigena ubwishingire – amakosa y’uwishingiwe – Gutwara abantu barenze abishingiwe no kwemera ko imodoka itwarwa n’udafite uruhushya rwo kuyitwara si uburangare busanzwe ni amakosa yo kutubahiriza inshingano nyiri modoka aba afite mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi. Itegeko-Teka N° 20/75 ryo ku wa 20/06/1975 rigena ubwishingire, Ingingo ya 11, igika cya 3 Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye abo mu muryango wa Ndahayo barega Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare basaba Urukiko gutegeka uregwa gutanga indishyi zitandukanye kubera impanuka yatewe n’imodoka PICK-UP DAIHATSU Delta plaque RAE 135U kuwa 18/03/2021 mu murenge wa Karangazi, akarere ka Nyagatare ubwo umushoferi waruyitwaye Ndungutse yataye umuhanda igwa igaramye igwira abari barimo inyuma, harimo na Ndahayo arapfa. Abaregera indishyi ntibumvikanye n’umwishingizi ku ndishyi basabaga bituma baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare. Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd yaburanye ivuga ko idakwiye kubazwa uburyozwe bw’ ingaruka zatewe n’iyo mpanuka kuko impanuka yatewe n’uwari utwaye iyo modoka nta ruhushya rwo kuyitwara yari afite, ko kubera iyo mpamvu ny’iri iyo modoka ari we ugomba kuryozwa indishyi kuko yatanze imodoka azi neza ko uwo ayihaye adafife uburenganzira bwo kuyitwara. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00046/2021/TGI/NYG rwemeje ko ikirego cyabaregera indishyi gifite ishingiro rutegeka Sanlam Insurance Company LTD guha abarega indishyi zitandukanye. Sanlam Insurance Company LTD ntiyishimiye imikirize yurwo rubanza Ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutitaye ku myiregurire yayo, ko itagombaga gucibwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’umushoferi wahawe imodoka adafite uruhusa rwo gutwara, ateza impanuka kubera ubumenyi buke bwo gutwara imodoka no kuba yari atwaye abantu adafitiye uburenganzira bwo gutwara kuko yari abatwaye ahagenewe imizigo, ivuga ko ibyo binyuranyije n’ amaserano y’ ubwishingizi bahaye iyo modoka. Yasabye Urukiko Rukuru gushingira ku rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00002/2021/SC rukemeza ko, urubanza ruhindutse hakemeza ko itaryozwa izo ndishyi. Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza RCA00079/2022/HC/RWG rwemeje ko ubujurire Sanlam Insurance Company LTD bufite ishingiro, rwemeza ko itagomba kuryozwa indishyi abarega basaba kuko impanuka yatewe n’umumushoferi utari ufite uruhushya rwo gutwara imodoka kandi utwaye abantu ahatemewe, bityo nyiri modoka akaba ariwe utarubahirije inshingano ze z’amasezerano. Incamake y’icyemezo: Gutwara abantu barenze abishingiwe no kwemera ko imodoka itwarwa n’udafite uruhushya rwo kuyitwara si uburangare busanzwe ni amakosa yo kutubahiriza inshingano nyiri modoka aba afite mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi. Bityo, ingaruka zabyo nuko ayo makosa adashobora kurengerwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi haba ku bireba nyiri modoka cyangwa abangirijwe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Iteka rya Perezida N° 85/01 ryo ku wa 02/09/2002 rishyiraho amabwiriza rusange agenga imihanda n’uburyo bwo kuyigendamo Ingingo ya 66, igika cya 4, Itegeko-Teka N° 20/75 ryo ku wa 20/06/1975 rigena ubwishingire, Ingingo ya 11, igika cya 3 Imanza zifashishjwe: Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00002/2021/SC haburana Akarere ka Kirehe na Saham Assurance Rwanda Ltd, yahindutse Sanlam Assurances Générales Plc n’ abandi, rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga ku wa 30/12/2021. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 18/03/2021, mu mudugudu wa Nkomo, akagari ka Karama, umurenge wa Karangazi, akarere ka Nyagatare, intara y’I Burasirazuba, yatewe n’imodoka PICK-UP DAIHATSU Delta plaque RAE 135 U, ifite ubwishingizi muri Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd, itwawe n’umushoferi witwa Ndungutse Venuste wavaga gupakira ibigori aturutse I Musenyi yerekeza Kabarore yataye umuhanda imodoka irabirinduka igwa igaramye igwira abari barimo inyuma, muribo Ndahayo Alexis w’imyaka mirongo itatu n’itanu (35) yitaba Imana. Abaregera indishyi ntibumvikana n’umwishingizi baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare. [2] Mu rubanza RC00046/2021/TGI/NYG haregewe indishyi zitandukanye zirimo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana n’amafaranga 6.352.941Frw, iz’akababaro ku mubyeyi wa Nyakwigendera zingana n’amafaranga 810.000Frw ; indishyi z’ akababaro ku bavindimwe ba nyakwigendera zingana n’ amafaranga 3.240.000Frw, banasabye gusubizwa amafaranga yo gushyingura angana n’ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000Frw), ibihumbi magana abili (200.000Frw yo kugura isanduku, ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (150.000Frw) y’imodoka yatwaye umurambo, amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) y’ingendo, ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kingana n’amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw). [3] Muri urwo rubanza Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd yaburanye ihakana uburyozwe bw’ ingaruka zatewe n’iyo mpanuka, isobanura ko, dosiye y’umugenzacyaha wageze aho impanuka yabereye yagaragaje ko, iyo impanuka yatewe n’uwari utwaye iyo modoka nta ruhushya rwo kuyitwara yari afite, ko kubera iyo mpamvu ny’iri iyo modoka ari we ugomba kuryozwa indishyi kuko yatanze imodoka abizi neza ko uwo ayihaye adafife uburenganzira bwo kuyitwara. [4] Urukiko mu guca urubanza rwavuze ko, rushingiye ko, amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yafatiwe ikinyabiziga Pickup Daihatsu RAE 135 U kuby’abandi cyakwangiza, rwemeza kwakira iki kirego; rutegeka Sanlam Insurance Company LTD guha abarega indishyi zitandukanye zirimo: amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana atatu mirongo itanu na bibili na magana cyenda mirongo ine na rimwe (6.352.941Frw) y’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu; ibihumbi magana inani na cumi (810.000Frw) y’indishyi z’akababaro k’umubyeyi wa nyakwigendera naho abandi bagenerwa amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu mirongo ine (540.000Frw) y’indishyi z’akababaro kuri buri wese mu bareregeye indishyi; bagahabwa n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana cyenda na makumyabili (920.000Frw) y’ibyatakajwe mu gushyingura n’igarama ry‘urubanza hamwe n’ay’igihembo cy’avoka angana n’amafaranga miliyoni imwe. [5] Sanlam Insurance Company LTD iburanirwa na Me Twagiramungu Ernest yajuririye urwo rubanza naho abaregwa bahagarariwe na Me Shema Deo, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RCA00079/2022/HC/RWG, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame.

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[6] Mu mwanzuro w’ ubujurire no mu miburanire ya Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd, Me Twagiramungu Ernest yasobanuye, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutitaye ku myiregurire yayo, ko itagombaga gucibwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’umushoferi wahawe imodoka adafite uruhusa rwo gutwara imodoka, ateza impanuka kubera ubumenyi buke bwo gutwara imodoka no kuba yari atwaye abantu adafitiye uburenganzira bwo gutwara, ko ibo binyuranyije n’ amaserano y’ ubwishingizi bahaye iyo modoka, yasabye uru Rukiko gushingira ku rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00002/2021/SC rukemeza ko, urubanza ruhindutse hakemezwa ko itaryozwa izo ndishyi. [7] Me Shema Deo uburanira abaregwa muri uru rubanza, mu myanzuro no mu miburanire ye yasobanuye ko, ibyo Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd iburanisha ivuga ko itaryozwa indishyi kuko uwari utwaye imodoka nta ruhusa rwo gutwara imodoka yari afite, ibyo bitayikuraho uburyozwe bw’ imodoka bishingiye, ahubwo bafite uburenganzira bwo kurega nyiri modoka akabasubiza ibyo bishyuye (subrogation) nk’ uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwabibonye no mu zindi manza bikanashimangirwa n’urukiko rukuru mu zindi manza. [8] Ibigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd itaragombaga kuryozwa indishyi kuko umushoferi wari utwaye ikinyabiziga bishingiye cyakoze impanuka atari afite uruhusa rwo kugitwara no kuba yaratwaye abantu hejuru y’ imizigo bitemewe. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Ku byerekeye kumenya niba Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd itaragombaga kuryozwa indishyi [9] Mu bisobanuro ku bujurire imbere y’ Urukiko Me Twagiramungu Ernest yavuze ko, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutitaye ku myiregurire ya Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd , ko itagombaga gucibwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’uwari utwaye imodoka atabifitye uruhusa, ateza impanuka kubera ubumenyi buke bwo gutwara imodoka, ko ibo binyuranyije n’ amaserano y’ ubwishingizi bahaye iyo modoka, ko na none nyakwigendera Ndahayo Alexis ariwe wabaye nyirabayazana w'urupfu rwe kuko yemeye kwicara hejuru y'imizigo azi neza ko bitemewe kandi abona ko byateza impanuka, ibyo nabyo ubwabyo bituma abamufiteho uburenganzira batahabwa indishyi. Me Twagiramungu Ernest yasobanuye kandi ko, iby’uko guha ikinyabiziga umuntu udafite uruhusa rwo gutwara imodoka ari ukwica nkana amasezerano y’ubwishyingizi ko kuba nyir’imodoka yahaye imodoka ye umuntu utabifitiye uburengangiza ngo atware imodoka ye agateza impanuka nta kindi bivuze uretse kwica amasezerano, bikaba bikuraho uburyozwe ku mwishingizi, ko ibyo kandi byasobanuwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00002/2021/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabisobanuye. Yasabye Urukiko gushingira kuri urwo rubanza, rukemeza ko imikirize y’ Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ihindutse, hakemezwa Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd itaryozwa indishyi. [10] Me Shema Deo uburanira abaregwa muri uru rubanza yasobanuye ko, ibyo Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd yavuze ko nta buryozwe ikwiye kubazwa kubera ko ngo abari mu modoka batari bakwiye kubamo, bitahabwa ishingiro, nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza RAC00025/2022/HC/RWG rwerekeye indishyi kubera abandi bantu bazize impanuka isa niyo Ndahayo Alexis yazize, ko na none Urukiko rwashingira ku ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Teka (Decret Loi) No 32/75 rigena ubwishingire, iteganya ko ntarwitwazo na rumwe rwo kutishyura indishyi

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zikomoka ku makosa y’uwo yishingiye1 ko ahubwo yamukurikina akamusubiza ibyo yishyuye. Yasabye ko, urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rudahinduka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Ikigibwaho impaka muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd itaragombaga kuryozwa indishyi kuko uwari utwaye ikinyabiziga cyakoze impanuka atari afite uruhusa rwo gutwara icyo kinyabiziga no kuba yaratwaye abantu hejuru y’ imizigo bitemewe [11] Ikibazo cy’uburyozwe bw’ ingaruka zatewe n’ ikinyabiziga cyakoze impanuka gitwawe n’ umuntu utabitiye uruhusa cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00002/2021/SC rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga ku wa 30/12/2021, Haburana Akarere ka Kirehe, mu izina ry'umuyobozi wako na Saham Assurance Rwanda Ltd, yahindutse Sanlam Assurances Générales Plc n’ abandi, haburanwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso RAA089 W, yari itwawe n’umuntu utabifiye uruhusa kandi itwaye abantu barenga 52 kandi igenewe gutwara abantu batatu gusa hamwe n’imizigo; [12] Muri urwo rubanza abaregeye indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’ imodoka yahitanye Sinzabakwira Prosper mu bantu 52 yari itwaye inyuma (muri carosserie), Sanlam Assurances Générales Plc yireguye ihakana uburyozwe bw’indishyi kuko iyo modoka yapakiye abantu barenga umubare w’abo yishingiye, ndetse itwawe n’umuntu udafite uruhushya rwo kuyitwara. [13] Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga rwasensenguye ibiteganywa n’ Ingingo ya 66, igika cya 4, y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 85/01 ryo ku wa 02/09/2002 rishyiraho amabwiriza rusange agenga imihanda n’uburyo bwo kuyigendamo 2 n’ ingingo ya ya 11, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko-Teka N° 20/75 ryo ku wa 20/06/1975 rigena ubwishingire3, maze rusobanura ko, gutwara abantu barenze abishingiwe no kwemera ko imodoka ye itwarwa n’udafite uruhushya rwo kuyitwara bitari uburangare busanzwe ni amakosa yo kutubahiriza inshingano yari afite mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi, ko ingaruka zabyo ari uko ayo makosa adashobora kurengerwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi haba ku bimureba cyangwa abangirijwe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe. [14] Mu nyandiko mvugo yaho impanuka yabere (pv de synthese d’ accident de roulage) yakozwe ku wa 20/03/2021 yatanzwe muri dosiye y’ uru rubanza, havugwa ko, imodoka PICK-UP DAIHATSU Delta plaque RAE 135 U, ifite ubwishingizi muri Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd, itwawe n’umushoferi witwa Ndungutse Venuste wavaga gupakira ibigori aturutse I Musenyi yerekeza Kabarore yataye umuhanda imodoka irabirinduka igwa igaramye igwira abari barimo inyuma, muribo Ndahayo Alexis w’imyaka mirongo itatu n’itanu (35) yitaba Imana.

1 Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Teka (Decret Loi) No 32/75 rigena ubwishingire igira iti, ‘’ Aucune nullité, aucune exception ou déchéance dérivant de la loi ou du contrat d'assurance ne peut être opposée par l'assureur à la personne lésée. L'assureur peut se réserver un droit de recours contre le preneur d'assurance, et, s'il y lieu, contre l'assuré, autre que le preneur, dans la mesure où il aurait été autorisé à refuser ou à réduire ses prestations d'après la loi ou le contrat d'assurance”. Bivuze ko, ntarwitwazo narumwe uwishingiye yatanga rwo kutishyura indishyi kubera amakosa y’uwo yishingiye , ko ahubwo afite uburenganzira bwo kumwishyuza ibyo yishyuye. 2 Ingingo ya 66, igika cya 4, y’Iteka rya Perezida n° 85/01 ryo ku wa 02/09/2002 rishyiraho amabwiriza rusange agenga imihanda n’uburyo bwo kuyigendamo iteganya ko “umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga, uw'ikinyamitende itatu cyangwa ine bifite moteri abujijwe gutwara abantu mu bice by'inyuma bya karisoro y'icyo kinyabiziga cyangwa ya romoruki yacyo 3 Ingingo ya 11, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko-Teka N° 20/75 ryo ku wa 20/06/1975 rigena ubwishingire iteganya ko “Nubwo nta ngingo yaba ibivuguruza, uwishingira ntashobora kwishingira ibyaha byatewe n’ikosa rikozwe nkana n’uwishingiwe.’’

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[15] Umugenzacyaha yasobanuye muri aya magambo, ‘’ dushingiye ku bimenyetso twabonye aho impanuka yabereye aribyo : imiterere y’ umuhanda n’uburyo iyo modoka yabirindutse n’ubuhamya bw’ uwitwa Bemereki Felicien wari uri muri iyo modoka imbere ari kumwe na shoferi, tubona impanuka yaratewe no kutaringaniza umuvuduko ndetse n’ubumenyi buke kuwari utwaye imodoka ariwe Ndungutse Venuste utari ufite uruhushya rumwemerera gutwara imodoka(…). [16] Ibi bivugwa muri uru rubanza bikaba bisa neza n’ibyo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwatanzeho umurongo bimaze kuvugwa,bityo uwo murongo ukaba ugomba gukurikizwa muri uru rubanza. Kubera izo mpamvu kuba mu rubanza RC00046/2021/TGI/NYG Urukiko ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ikinyabiziga Pickup Daihatsu RAE 135 U ari cyo cyafatiwe ubwishingizi bw’iby’abandi cyakwangiza gusa, urwo Rukiko rugahera aho rwemeza ko SANLAM INSURANCE COMPANY LTD igomba kuryozwa ibyangiritse mu mpanuka ari ukudasesengura neza ibiteganywa n’amategeko ndetse n’ayo masezerano y’ubwishingizi ubwayo n’inshingano z’ abayagiranye, bityo urwo rubanza rukaba rugomba guhinduka. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [17] Rwemeje kwakira ubujurire bwa Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd, kandi ko bufite ishingiro; [18] Rwemeje ko, urubanza RC00046/2021/TGI/NYG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatere ku wa 03/11/2022 ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [19] Rwemeje ko, Sanlam Insurance Company Ltd nta buryozwe ifite ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 18/03/2021, mu mudugudu wa Nkomo, akagari ka Karama, umurenge wa Karangazi, akarere ka Nyagatare, intara y’I Burasirazuba, yatewe n’imodoka PICK-UP DAIHATSU Delta plaque RAE 135 U, igatwara ubuzima bwa Ndahayo Alexis. [20] Rutegetse ko, amafaranga yatanzweho ingwate y’ amagarama muri uru rubanza ahwanye n’ibyakozwe.