SEKAMANA MUTESI v MUKASINE

# SEKAMANA MUTESI v MUKASINE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-05-07 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00029/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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SEKAMANA MUTESI v MUKASINE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00029/2020/CA (Ngagi, M., P.J.,) 07 Gicurasi 2021] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – kwandika ikirego mu bitabo by’Urukiko – kuba Perezida w’Urukiko rwajuririwe afata icyemezo ko ikirego cyakirwa kikandikwa mu bitabo by’Urukiko, ntabwo bikumira umuburanyi waba afite inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko cyangwa ijyanye n’iyakirwa ry’ikirego kuba yayitanga Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – agaciro k’ikiburanwa kari mu masezerano – Ntabwo agaciro k’ikiburanwa kagaragazwa n’igenagaciro mu gihe ikiburanwa ari amasezerano kandi afite agaciro kazwi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiye Mukasine arega Sekamana Mutesi mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, asaba ko Urukiko rusesa amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu bagiranye kubera ko Sekamana Mutesi yanze kuyubahiriza ngo amuhe ikiguzi bumvikanye cyose. Sekamana Mutesi ntiyitabiriye iburanisha kandi yarahamagajwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, urubanza ruburanishwa adahari. Urukiko rwategetse ko amasezerano bagiranye aseswa, kuko Sekamana Mutesi atayubahirije ku bijyanye n’ubwishyu. Sekamana Mutesi Ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo, akijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuburanishije adahari.Mukasine yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubwo bujurire, avuga ko Sekamana yajuriye igihe cyo kujurira giteganywa n’amategeko cyararenze. Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Sekamana Mutesi butakiriwe, kuko yabutanze igihe cyo kujurira cyararenze. Sekamana Mutesi ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire.Mukasine yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha y’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku bijyanye n’agaciro k’ikiburanwa bavuga ko n’ubwo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yafashe cyemezo ko ubujuirire bwatanzwe na Sekamana Mutesi bwakiriwe, basanga uru Rukiko rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Sekamana Mutesi.Abahagarariye Sekamana Mutesi bavuga ko ikibazo kijyanye n’iyakirwa ry’ubujurire kidakwiye kugarukwaho kuko Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yamaze kwemeza ko ubu bujurire bugomba kwakirwa bukandikwa mu bitabo by’ibirego by’uru Rukiko.Urukiko rwemeje ko inzitizi yazamuwe na Mukasine ifite ishingiro. Rwemeza ko ikirego kitakiriwe. Incamake y’icyemezo:1. kuba Perezida w’Urukiko rwajuririwe afata icyemezo ko ikirego cyakirwa kikandikwa mu bitabo by’Urukiko, ntabwo bikumira umuburanyi waba afite inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko cyangwa ijyanye n’iyakirwa ry’ikirego kuba yayitanga. Bityo kuko icyemezo perezida aba yafashe ari ikijyanye no kwandika ikirego mu bitabo by’urukiko inteko iburanisha niyo isuzuma inzitizi zose zazamurwa mu iburanisha. 2.Ntabwo agaciro k’ikiburanwa kagaragazwa n’igenagaciro mu gihe ikiburanwa ari amasezerano kandi afite agaciro kazwi.

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3. Agaciro k’ikiburanwa gashobora kwiyongera cyangwa kakagabanuka mu rukiko rwajuririwe gusa iyo katagenwe mu mafaranga mu Nkiko zabanje. Inzitizi y’iburabubasha ifite ishingiro. Ubujurire ntibwakiriwe. Amategeko yashingiweho Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigenga ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52 Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 22, 111 Imanza zifashishijwe RS/RV/INJUST/AD0001/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 30/08/2017 haburana Akarere ka Nyarugenge na MUKANGEMANYI, Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, Mukasine Hilarie arega Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse, asaba urwo Rukiko gusesa amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu bagiranye ku wa 14/01/2015 ifite agaciro ka 60.000.000Frw kubera ko Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse atashoboye kuyubahiriza ngo amuhe amafaranga y’ikiguzi bumvikanye yose, asaba n’indishyi zinyuranye. [2] Ku munsi w’iburanisha Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse ntiyitabye urukiko kandi yarahamagajwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, bituma Mukasine Hilarie asaba ko yaburanishwa adahari, kuko yanga kwitaba abishaka. [3] Mu rubanza RC00105/19/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 06/06/2019, urwo Rukiko, rushingiye ko hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse yaguze ubutaka akaburambika ntiyubahirize amasezerano akubiye mu byo bari bumvikanye n’uwabugurishije, kandi ntagaragaze igituma ataboneka, rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Mukasine Hilarie gifite ishingiro, ko amasezerano yo ku wa 14/01/2015, asheshwe, kuko Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse atayubahirije ku bijyanye n’ubwishyu, rumutegeka guha Mukasine Hilarie 2.500.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro n’igihembo cya Avoka, runategeka Mukasine Hilarie gusubiza amafaranga y’ubugure yari yarakiriye. [4] Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo, akijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwamuburanishije adahari, akaza kumenya iby’urwo rubanza ku wa 23/07/2019, ko ahisemo guca inzira yo kujurira kugira ngo hagire ibyongera gusuzumwa mu rubanza.

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[5] Mukasine Hilarie yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubwo bujurire, avuga ko Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse yajuriye igihe cyo kujurira giteganywa n’amategeko cyararenze Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse nawe yireguye kuri iyo nzitizi. [6] Mu rubanza RCA00388/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2020, Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ko muri dosiye y’urubanza hari inyandiko y’imenyesha ry’imikirize y’urubanza RC00105/TGI/GSBO rwo ku wa 18/06/2019 yakozwe n’Umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwunga Mutabazi Etienne, ikaba igaragaza ko imuhira kwa Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse ku wa 18/06/2019 hari umukozi we witwa Uwishema Frida w’imyaka 22 y’amavuko, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse butakiriwe, kuko yabutanze igihe cyo kujurira cyararenze, rutegeka ko urubanza RC00105/19/TGI/GSBO rwajuririwe ruhamaho mu ngingo zarwo zose, rutegeka Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse guha Mukasine Hilarie 1.000.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibyo yatanze ku rubanza. [7] Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. [8] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 13/04/ 2021, Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse ahagarariwe na Me Ngoga Mukama Olivier afatanyije na Me Kwizera Jean Bosco, naho Mukasine Hilarie ahagarariwe na Me Ruberwa Silas afatanyije na Me Mutabazi Innocent, haburanishwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko ishingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa yatanzwe na Mukasine Hilarie. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1.Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa SEKAMANA MUTESI Thérèse butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko [9] Me Ruberwa Silas na Me Mutabazi Innocent, bahagarariye Mukasine Hilarie, bavuga ko n’ubwo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu cyemezo Nº 30/PRES/CA/2020/CIV yemeje ko ubujuirire bwatanzwe na Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse bwakiriwe, basanga hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri, agace ka 8, y’Itegeko Nº30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena bubasha bw’inkiko, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse, kuko mu rubanza rujuririrwa ikiburanwa cyari amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu ifite agaciro kangana na 60.000.000Frw. [10] Basobanura ko ibivugwa na Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse ko icyaburanywe atari agaciro k’amasezerano ndetse ko n’agaciro k’umutungo ubu kiyongereye, bitahabwa agaciro, kuko iby’agaciro k’ikiburanwa byemerejwe mu manza zaburanishijwe mbere. Bavuga ko n’igenagaciro ryakozwe na Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse nta gaciro ryahabwa, kuko amasezerano yasabiwe guseswa yari afite agaciro ka 60.000.000Frw. [11] Basoza bavuga ko bashingira ku ngingo ya 10 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose kandi kuri cyo cyonyine, ku ya 11 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko umucamanza adashobora gushingira icyemezo cye kubitagaragajwe mu iburanishwa no ku ngingo ya 6 y’Itegeko rimaze kwibutswa iteganya ko ikiburanwa kidashobora

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guhindurwa mu rukiko rwajuririwe. Icyakora, ikiburanwa gishobora guhindurwa n’ibirego by’imigereka iyo bifitanye isano ihamye n’ibyo ababuranyi basaba. [12] Ababuranira Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse bavuga ko ikibazo kijyanye n’iyakirwa ry’ubujurire kidakwiye kongera kuvugwaho kubera ko Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yamaze kwemeza ko ubu bujurire bugomba kwakirwa bukandikwa mu bitabo by’ibirego by’uru Rukiko. Bavuga ko kugira ngo urubanza rugere mu nama ntegurarubanza ari uko ibijyanye n’ububasha bw’urukiko biba byaramaze gusuzumwa, ko kandi ubu bujurire bwamaze gusuzumwa na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ko indi nzitizi igomba gusuzumwa ari itarasuzumwe na Perezida. [13] Bavuga ko amasezerano y’ubugure yabaye muri 2015 kandi kugeza ubu, uwo mutungo wahinduye agaciro ari nayo mpamvu Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse yakoresheje igenagaciro rigaragaza aho agaciro kawo kageze uyu munsi bikagaragara ko ubu ufite agaciro ka 325.160.000Frw, ndetse kuba Mukasine Hilarie atarakavuguruje bigaragaza ko abyemera. Basoza bavuga ko ingingo ya 52 igika cya 4, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko1, itabuza agaciro kuzamuka cyangwa ngo kagabanuke. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ingingo ya 52 igika cya 2, agace ka 8, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigenga ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ibikurikira: “Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza: 8º zagenwemo n’urukiko indishyi zingana nibura na 75.000.000Frw cyangwa zifite agaciro kagenwe n’umucamanza mu gihe habaye impaka kangana na 75.000.000Frw”. [15] Dosiye igaragaramo amasezerano yo ku wa 14/01/2015 y’ubugure bw’isambu yabaye hagati ya Mukasine Hilarie na Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse agaragaza ko Mukasine Hilarie agurishije Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse ubutaka bungana na hegitari makumyabiri n’ebyiri (22 ha) ku kiguzi kingana na miliyoni mirongo itandatu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (60.000.000Frw). [16] Dosiye igaragaza na none ko Mukasine Hilarie yareze Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, asaba urwo Rukiko gusesa amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu bagiranye ku wa 14/01/2015 ifite agaciro ka 60.000.000Frw. Urwo Rukiko, mu rubanza No RC 00105/19/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 06/06/2019, rwemeje ko amasezerano yo ku wa 14/01/2015 asheshwe, kuko Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse atayubahirije ku bijyanye n’ubwishyu. [17] Imikirize y’urubanza RCA00388/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 29/10/2020, igaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse butakirwa, kuko yabutanze igihe amategeko ateganya cyo kujurira cyararenze; rutegeka ko urubanza RC00105/19/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 06/06/2019 rwajuririwe ruhamaho mu ngingo zarwo zose. 1 Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 4, y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko iyo icyaburanwe kitagenewe agaciro mu mafaranga mu manza zabanje, kigomba kuba gifite agaciro nibura kangana na miliyoni mirongo irindwi n’eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (75.000.000 Frw) kagenwe n’umuhanga iyo bibaye ngombwa.

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[18] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, icyaregewe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ni ugusesa amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu ifite agaciro ka 60.000.000Frw; Urukiko rurasanga rero amasezerano yasabiwe guseswa yari ashingiye ku mutungo ufite agaciro kazwi ka 60.000.000Frw kandi kumvikanweho n’impande zombi mu masezerano zagiranye, akaba ari ko kagomba gushingirwaho hasuzumwa niba ubujirire bwa kabiri bwa Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse bukwiye kwakwirwa muri uru Rukiko. [19] Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa n’ababuranira Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse ko ikirego cye kigomba kwakirwa, kuko ikibazo cy’iyakirwa ry’ikirego cyafashweho umwanzuro na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko icyemezo Perezida yafashe ni ikirebana no kwandikwa mu bitabo by’Urukiko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi2 kandi ibyo ntabwo bikumira umuburanyi waba afite inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko ishingiye kubiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigenga ububasha bw’inkiko, cyangwa ijyanye n’iyakirwa ry’ikirego kuba yayitanga, cyane cyane ko bene izo nzitizi zisuzumwa n’inteko iburanisha ku kirego cyamaze kwandikwa mu bitabo by’Urukiko. Bikaba rero bitabuza inteko iburanisha gusuzuma niba Urukiko rufite ububasha bwo kukiburanisha cyangwa niba ikirego cyakwakirwa. Ni nako byemejwe mu rubanza RS/RV/INJUST/AD0001/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 30/08/2017 haburana Akarere ka Nyarugenge na Mukangemanyi, aho urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko icyemezo cyo gutegeka ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cyandikwa mu bitabo byabugenewe, ababuranyi badakwiye kubyuririraho bavuga ko ikibazo cy’ububasha cyangwa cy’iyakirwa ry’ikirego cyarangiye gufatwaho icyemezo, kuko, icyemezo kiba cyafashwe atari icyo kwakira ikirego, ko ahubwo ari icyo kucyandika mu bitabo by’Urukiko (enregistrer un appel); bityo ko, mu iburanisha ry’urubanza, ubifitemo inyungu wese afite uburenganzira bwo gutanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’urukiko cyangwa iyo kutakira ikirego3. [20] Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa na Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse ko agaciro k’ikiburanwa kiyongereye, kuko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu yakozwe muri 2015, ariko igenagaciro ryakozwe muri 2016 rikagaragaza ko uwo mutungo wari ugeze ku gaciro ka 325.160.000Frw nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko nk’uko byibukijwe haruguru, amazezerano impande zombi zagiranye, ari nayo ikiburanwa gishingiyeho, yari afite agaciro kazwi ka 60.000.000Frw. Rurasanga rero nta mpamvu rwashingira ku igenagaciro kandi ikiburanwa gifite agaciro kazwi. [21] Urukiko rurasanga na none ibivugwa n’ababuranira Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse ko ingingo ya 52, igika cya 4, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru itabuza agaciro k’ikiburanwa kuzamuka cyangwa ngo kagabanuke, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko iki gika gikoreshwa mu gihe icyaburanwe kitagenewe agaciro mu mafaranga mu manza zabanje. 2Iyi ngingo iteganya ko umuburanyi utishimiye icyemezo cy’umwanditsi w’urukiko atakamba kwa Perezida w’Urukiko mu nyandiko isobanura uburyo yarenganyijwe mu gihe kitarengeje iminsi itanu (5) uhereye igihe yamenyeye icyo cyemezo. Perezida w’urukiko afata icyemezo mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itanu (5) uhereye igihe ashyikirijwe uko gutakamba. Icyemezo cya perezida ntikijurirwa. Icyakora, ashobora kugihindura igihe cyose agaragarijwe ko yibeshye. 3 Igika cya 19 cy’Urubanza RS/RV/INJUST/AD0001/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 30/08/2017.

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[22] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro no ku ngingo z’amategeko bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko ishingiye ku kuba agaciro k’ikiburanwa ari nacyo amasezerano ashingiyeho katageze nibura kuri 75.000.000 Frw yatanzwe na Mukasine Hilarie ifite ishingiro, bityo ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse bukaba butakiriwe, kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko bw’Ubujurire. 2.Kumenya niba hari amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza yagenwa muri uru rubanza [23] Ababuranira Mukasine Hilarie basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse kwishyura Mukasine Hilarie 3.500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 5.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka hashingiwe ko atinza urubanza kandi azi neza ko atajuriye ku gihe mu rubanza rujurirwa. [24] Ababuranira Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse biregura ku mafaranga asabwa na Mukasine Hilarie bavuga ko adakwiye kuyahabwa kuko kujurira ari uburenganzira bwabo. UKO URUKIKO UBIBONA [25] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 28/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [26] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza yasabwe na Mukasine Hilarie afite ishingiro, kuko byabaye ngombwa ko yiyambaza umunyamategeko wo kumuburanira ndetse agira n’amafaranga atakaza ku rubanza, ariko kuko ayo asaba ari menshi kandi urubanza rukaba rugarukiye ku nzitizi, mu bushishozi bwarwo rumugeneye 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego, akazishyurwa na Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko yatanzwe na Mukasine Hilarie ifite ishingiro; [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse butakiriwe, kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire; [29] Rutegetse Sekamana Mutesi Thérèse kwishyura Mukasine Hilarie 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego; [30] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.