SENGOGA N’ABANDI v. AKARERE KA NYARUGENGE

# SENGOGA N’ABANDI v. AKARERE KA NYARUGENGE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2016-07-08 - Case/document no.: RADAA 0008/15/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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SENGOGA N’ABANDI v. AKARERE KA NYARUGENGE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RADAA 0008/15/CS (Mugenzi, P.J., Mukamulisa na Gatete, J.) 08 Nyakanga 2016] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’urukiko – Ububasha bw’urukiko rw’ikirenga – Igenwa z’indishyi zishingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’urukiko rw’ikirenga – Indishyi zisabwa mu rubanza ntizashingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’urukiko rw’ikirenga igihe nyuma y’impaka ku ishingiro ryazo zitagenwe – Itegeko-Ngenga Nº 03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ingingo 28(2)7o. Incamake y’ikibazo: Sengonga n’abagenzi bagiranye amasezerano n’akarere ka Nyarugenge y’ubukode bw’ibyumba byo gucururizamo biri muri Gare ya Nyabugogo, ayo masezerano akaba yari afite igihe cy’imyaka icumi; icyo gihe kirarangiye impande zombie zagiye zivugurura ayo masezerano kugeza kuyo 01 Nzeri 2011 agomba kurangira Kanama 2016. Akarere ka Nyarugenge kaje gusesa ayo masezrerano kubera ko ibiciro bari bumvikanye igihe amasezerano yakorwaga bitari bijyanye n’igihe. Sengoga na bagenzi be ntibishimiye iryo seswa, baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, bavuga ko ayo masezerano yasheshwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko kuko igihe cyayo cyari kitararangira ndetse n’inyungu rusange Akarere kavuga ko kashingiyeho zikaba ntazihari. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko ikirego cyabo nta shingiro gifite, ko ayo masezerano yasheshwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Abarega ntibishimiye icyo cyemezo bakijurira mu Rukiko Rukuru maze narwo rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y‘urubanza rwajuririwe kuko harebwe kamere yayo iyagira amasezerano y’ubutegetsi, kubera ko uko ateye aha Akarere ka Nyarugenge uburenganzira busumba ubw‘abareze bwo kuba kasesa amasezerano mu gihe haba habonetse indi mpamvu y’inyungu rusange; kandi ntibyari ngombwa gushingira ku Itegeko ryo kwimura abantu ku nyungu rusange kuko atari cyo kiburanwa, ahubwo ko haburanwa gusesa amasezerano, cyane cyane ko inyungu rusange zitareba gusa kwimura abantu. Sesonga n’abagenzi bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga bavuga ko Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko Rukuru yirengagije ko amasezerano yose akozwe n‘ubutegetsi atitwa ay‘ubutegetsi anirengagiza ko amasezerano yasheshwe mu buryo butemewe n‘amategeko kuko yasheshwe impande zombi zitabyumvikanyeho n‘igihe cyayo kitararangira; ndetse ko Urukiko rwasuzuma niba amasezerano yarasheshwe ku nyungu rusange kubera ko asanga kuba Akarere karazamuye ibiciro, ntaho bihuriye n’inyungu rusange. Akarere ka Nyarugenge kazamuye inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwabo kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga bitewe n’uko nta ndishyi zingana na 50.000.000Frw zagenwe mu rubanza bajuririra cyangwa se ngo izo ndishyi zibe zaremejwe n’umucamanza nyuma y’impaka; buri wese mu bajuriye yatanze ikirego ku giti cye, ko nabyo bigaragaza ko ubujurire butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko ikindi kandi abarega batsinzwe mu nkiko ebyiri zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe. Sesonga na bagenzi be biregura bavuga ko izo nzitizi nta shangiro zifite kuko harebwe ingano y’indishyi basabaga zirenga 50.000.000Frw, kuko zose hamwe zingana na 159.300.000Frw, ko rero kubera iyo mpamvu asanga ubujurire buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga naho

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ibijyanye no gutsindwa ku impamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi nta shingiro bifite kuko mu gihe ibibazo byasuzumwe n‘ibisobanuro inkiko zombi zatanze bidahura, kuko mu kureba niba impamvu ari zimwe cyangwa zitandukanye, igishingirwaho ari ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’inkiko ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Indishyi zisabwa mu rubanza ntizashingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’urukiko rw’ikirenga igihe nyuma y’impaka ku ishingiro ryazo zitagenwe, kubwibyo rero ubujurire bwa Sesonga na bagenzi be ntiburi mu bubasha bw’urukiko rw’ikirenga kuko indishyi basabye batazihawe kubera ko nta makosa Akarere ka Nyarugenge kakoze gasesa ayo amasezerano. 2. Habaho ihuzwa ry’ibirego kikaba kimwe igihe abarega baregera guhabwa ikintu kimwe kandi uregwa ari umwe kubwibyo rero kuvuga ko Sesonga na bagenzi be buri wese yagomba gutanga ikirego ku igiti cye nta shingiro bifite. 3. Ntibikiri ngombwa gusuzuma inzitizi y’uko ababuranyi batsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje, kubera ko nk’uko byamaze kuvugwa, ubujurire butujuje ibiteganywa n’amategeko kugira ngo bube mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Inzitizi ifite ishingiro. Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko-Ngenga Nº 03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ingingo 28(2)7o Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Sengoga Idrissa, Musabyimana Pauline, Musanabera Christine, Agaba Christine, Gasana Charles, Semutwa Augustin, Twagirimana Emmanuel, Mukangarambe Amelberga, Rwagatare Sam, Kabungo Omar, Mukantabana Zura, Hategekimana Josee, Moenback Hélène, Mugemangango Nadine, Uwayezu François, Cooperative Cotavonya ihagarariwe na Perezida wayo, Muhorakeye M. Claudine, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Rwandafoam mu izina ryayo, na Utamuliza Philomène, bagiranye amasezerano y’ubukode bw’ibyumba byo gucururizamo biri muri Gare ya Nyabugogo, ayo masezerano akaba yari afite igihe cy’imyaka icumi. [2] Icyo gihe impande zombi zumvikanye cyararangiye, abakoranye amasezerano bagenda bayavugurura kugeza kuyo ku wa 01/09/2011 yagombaga kurangira ku wa 08/2016. Aya masezerano yaje guseswa n‘Akarere ka Nyarugenge ku mpamvu z‘uko kasanze ibiciro bari

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bumvikanye igihe amasezerano yakorwaga bitari bijyanye n’igihe. Sengoga na bagenzi be ntibishimiye iryo seswa, baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, bavuga ko ayo masezerano yasheshwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko kuko igihe cyayo cyari kitararangira ndetse n’inyungu rusange Akarere kavuga ko kashingiyeho zikaba ntazihari. [3] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko ikirego cyabo nta shingiro gifite, ko ayo masezerano yasheshwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Abarega ntibishimiye icyo cyemezo bakijurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, narwo ruca urubanza ku wa 25/09/2015, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y‘urubanza rwajuririwe. [4] Urukiko Rukuru mu gusobanura icyemezo cyarwo, rwavuze ko amasezerano yasheshwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko harebwe kamere yayo iyagira amasezerano y’ubutegetsi, kubera ko uko ateye aha Akarere ka Nyarugenge uburenganzira busumba ubw‘abareze bwo kuba kasesa amasezerano mu gihe haba habonetse indi mpamvu y’inyungu rusange. [5] Rwanasanze mu gihe Akarere kari gafite uburenganzira busumba ubw‘urundi ruhande nk‘uko biteganywa n’amasezerano bagiranye, nta cyari kukabuza guhindura ibiciro by’ubukode, gashingiye k‘uko byari bihagaze ku isoko ryo gukodesha amazu, ko kandi bitari ngombwa kubanza kumvikana n‘urundi ruhande uburyo bwo gusesa amasezerano . [6] Urukiko rwasanze kandi atari ngombwa gushingira ku Itegeko ryo kwimura abantu ku nyungu rusange kuko atari cyo kiburanwa, ahubwo ko haburanwa gusesa amasezerano, cyane cyane ko inyungu rusange zitareba gusa kwimura abantu. Rwemeje ko Akarere ka Nyarugenge atari ko kirengagije kubanza kumvikana ku bushake nk‘uko biteganywa n’amasezerano, ko ahubwo ibyo byirengagijwe n’abareze kuko aribo bahise bitabaza inkiko batabanje kunyura muri iyo nzira y‘ubwumvikane. [7] Sengoga Idrissa, Agaba Christine, Kabungo Omar, Moenback Hélène, Muhorakeye M. Claudine, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RWANDAFOAM na Semutwa Augustin bajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga bavuga ko Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko Rukuru yirengagije ko amasezerano yose akozwe n‘ubutegetsi atitwa ay‘ubutegetsi anirengagiza ko amasezerano yasheshwe mu buryo butemewe n‘amategeko kuko yasheshwe impande zombi zitabyumvikanyeho n‘igihe cyayo kitararangira. [8] Me Gashagaza Philbert nawe wunganira abarega yasabye ko Urukiko rwasuzuma niba amasezerano yarasheshwe ku nyungu rusange kubera ko asanga kuba Akarere karazamuye ibiciro, ntaho bihuriye n’inyungu rusange. [9] Mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, Rwagatare Sam, Musabyimana Pauline, Musanabera Christine, Twagirimana Emmanuel, Gasana Charles, Mukangarambe Amelberga, Mukantabana Zura, Hategekimana Josée, Mugemangango Nadine, Uwayezu François na Koperative KOTAVONYA, mu izina rya Perezida wayo, nabo batanze imyanzuro nk‘ababuranye uru rubanza mu nkiko zabanje. [10] Iburanisha ry‘urubanza ryabereye mu ruhame ku wa 24/05/2016, Sengoga na bagenzi be baburanirwa na Me Gashagaza Philbert afatanyije na Me Ntwari Justin, naho Akarere ka Nyarugenge kaburanirwa na Me Rubango Epimaque, Intumwa ya Leta.

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[11] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rumaze gusuzuma inyandiko zigize urubanza, rwasanze abantu bavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki batarigeze bajurira, ahubwo barahamagawe n‘Ubwanditsi bw‘Urukiko kubera ko bari barabaye ababuranyi mu nkiko zabanje, rufatira icyemezo mu ntebe, rwemeza ko bakurwa mu rubanza hagasigara abajuriye gusa. [12] Mbere yo kwinjira mu mizi y’urubanza, Urukiko rwabanje gusuzuma inzitizi y’iburabubasha yatanzwe n’uburanira Akarere ka Nyarugenge. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N‘ISESENGURWA RYACYO Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Sesonga na bagenzi be buri mu bubasha bw‘Urukiko rw‘Ikirenga [13] Me Rubango Epimaque uburanira Akarere ka Nyarugenge muri uru rubanza, avuga ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 28, igika cya kabiri, agace ka 7º, y’Itegeko-Ngenga Nº 03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, avuga ko ubujurire bwa Sengoga na bagenzi be butagomba kwakirwa kubera ko butari mu bubasha bw’Uru Rukiko bitewe n’uko nta ndishyi zingana na 50.000.000Frw zagenwe mu rubanza bajuririra cyangwa se ngo izo ndishyi zibe zaremejwe n’umucamanza nyuma y’impaka nk’uko iyo ngingo ibiteganya. Anasanga rero ibiteganywa n’ingingo imaze kuvugwa bituzuye kubera ko buri wese mu barega yareze ku giti cye. [14] Me Rubango Epimaque anavuga ko usibye inzitizi yamaze kugaragaza, hari n’indi yiyongeraho ijyanye no kuba abarega baratsinzwe mu nkiko ebyiri zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe. Muri urwo rwego asobanura ko ikibazo cyasuzumwe ku rwego rwa mbere cyari ukumenya ubwoko bw’amasezerano no kumenya niba impamvu y’inyungu rusange yashingiweho haseswa ayo masezerano yari ihari, ko kandi Urukiko rwemeje ko amasezerano yari ay’ubutegetsi, ndetse ko n’impamvu y’inyungu rusange yatumye amasezerano aseswa yari ihari. [15] Asanga izo ngingo ari nazo zasuzumwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, narwo rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Anasaba uru Rukiko ko rwahera ku byo Me Ntwari Justin uburanira bamwe mu babaye ababuranyi muri uru rubanza yiyemereye mu myanzuro ye, aho nawe yemeza ko abo yunganira batsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [16] Ku bijyanye n’inzitizi y’iburabubasha yabyukijwe n’uburanira Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Me Gashagagaza Philbert uburanira Sengoga na bagenzi be, avuga ko nta shingiro ifite, harebwe ingano y’indishyi abo aburanira basabaga zirenga 50.000.000 Frw, kuko zose hamwe zingana na 159.300.000 Frw, ko rero kubera iyo mpamvu asanga ubujurire buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Avuga kandi ko kuba izo ndishyi zitaragenwe, ari cyo cyatumye abo yunganira bajurira, bakaba bari bagamije gusaba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuzigena. [17] Anavuga ko ibivugwa n’uburanira Akarere ka Nyarugenge ko hakwiye kurebwa ikirego cya buri wese mu bajuriye aho kuba ikirego cya bose, nta gaciro byahabwa, kubera ko ibirego byabo byahurijwe hamwe, ko kandi indishyi basabaga zari gutangwa iyo Urukiko rwemeza ko amasezerano yasheshwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, ariko rukaba rwaremeje ko amasesezerano yasheshwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ari nacyo bose batishimiye.

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[18] Ku bijyanye n‘inzitizi yo kuba abajuriye baratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, Me Gashagaza Philbert na Me Ntwari Justin bababuranira, bavuga ko nta shingiro ifite, mu gihe ibibazo byasuzumwe mu nkiko ebyiri zabanje n‘ibisobanuro zatanze bidahura, kuko mu kureba niba impamvu ari zimwe cyangwa zitandukanye, igishingirwaho ari ibisobanuro (motivation) byatanzwe n’inkiko ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri. [19] Bakomeza bavuga ko Urukiko rubanza rwavuze ko mu mategeko y’u Rwanda hatagaragaramo uburyo ibiciro bishobora guhinduka, naho Urukiko Rukuru rwo ruvuga ko Leta yari ifite uburenganzira bwo guhindura ibiciro kubera inyungu rusange, ko rero nta cyabuza uru Rukiko kuburanisha ubujurire bwatanzwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Ku bijyanye n’ibya ngombwa bituma ubujurire buba mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ingingo ya 28, igika cya kabiri, agace ka 7º y’itegeko-Ngenga Nº 03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga itya : “ […] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire imanza zaciwe ku rwego rwa kabiri n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi cyangwa Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza[…] zagenwemo n’urukiko indishyi zingana nibura na miliyoni mirongo itanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (50.000.000 Frw) cyangwa se zifite agaciro kagenwe n’umucamanza igihe habaye impaka, kangana nibura n’ amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itanu (50.000.000 Frw) […..]”. [21] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko n’ubwo ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri hari indishyi Sengoga na bagenzi be basabaga, haba mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku rwego rwa mbere, haba no mu rubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa kabiri n’Urukiko Rukuru, izo ndishyi ntazigeze zigenwa kubera ko nyuma y’impaka ku ishingiro ryazo, harebwa niba Akarere ka Nyarugenge karasheshe amasezerano mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, izo nkiko zombi zemeje ko indishyi zisabwa nta zikwiye gutangwa kubera ko nta makosa Akarere ka Nyarugenge kakoze gasesa ayo amasezerano. [22] Hashingiwe rero ku ngingo ya 28, igika cya kabiri, agace ka 7º, y’itegeko-Ngenga Nº 03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 ryibukijwe haruguru, Urukiko rusanga ubujurire bwa Sengoga na bagenzi be butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, inzitizi y’iburaburabubasha ikaba ifite ishingiro. [23] Uru Rukiko rurasanga ku bijyanye n’ibivugwa n’uburanira Akarere ka Nyarugenge, ko buri wese mu bajuriye yatanze ikirego ku giti cye, ko nabyo bigaragaza ko ubujurire butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko, ikiboneka ni uko kuva imanza zitangira, ibirego byose byahurijwe mu rubanza rumwe, kubera ko abareze bose bifuzaga ko Akarere ka Nyarugenge kagira ibyo kabagenera, gusa nk’uko byavuzwe, ikirego cyabo kikaba kitarahawe ishingiro yaba ku rwego rwa mbere cyangwa urwa kabiri. Mu kureba ibyasabwaga rero, ntihashingirwa ku byasabwe na buri muntu mu bareze, ahubwo ibirego byose bigomba kureberwa hamwe ; usibye ko ibyo nta ngaruka bigira ku bubasha bw’uru Rukiko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [24] Nyuma y’ibisobanuro byamaze gutangwa ku bijyanye n’inzitizi y’iburabubasha, uru Rukiko rurasanga atari ngombwa gusuzuma inzitizi yindi y’uko ababuranyi batsinzwe ku

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mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje, kubera ko nk’uko byamaze kuvugwa, ubujurire butubahirije ibiteganywa n’amategeko kugira ngo bube mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. III. ICYEMEZO CY‘URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yatanzwe na Me Rubango Epimaque uburanira Akarere ka Nyarugenge, ifite ishingiro; [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Sengoga Idrissa, Agaba Christine, Semutwa Augustin Kabungo Omar, Moenback Hélène, Muhorakeye M.Claudine, n‘Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Rwandafoam, butari mu bubasha bw‘Urukiko rw‘Ikirenga. [27] Rutegetse ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.