UBUSHINJACYAHA v. SEZIBERA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. SEZIBERA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-16 - Case/document no.: RPAA00406/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. SEZIBERA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00406/2024/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 16 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Kongera kugabanya igihano mu bujurire – Kuba uregwa ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha ku buryo buzwi ni impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Sezibera wari uri kuri moto yafashwe n’inzego z’umutekano afite udupfunyika 800 tw’urumogi avuye kururangura Mahoko, agiye kurucura ku Busenda. Yashyikirijwe Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu. Sezibera yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, ariko avuga ko urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwo kunywa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda n’icyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri, rwamugabanyirije igihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rusizi, asaba Urukiko guca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano kuko yaburanye yemera ko urumogi yafatanwe ari urwo kunywa, ndetse akaba yasubikirwa igihano, akanakurirwaho amafaranga y’ihazabu yaciwe kuko ari umukene atayabona. Ubushinjacyaha bwagaragaje ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze impamvu z’ubujurire bw’Uregwa nta shingiro zifite, rwemeza ko gihano yahanishijwe kitagabanywa, ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Uregwa yajuririye icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko ajuriye atagamije guhangana, ahubwo atakamba asaba n’imbabazi ngo agabanyirizwe igihano, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije ruvuga ko atemera icyaha, runirengagiza ko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka cyateje kuko yafashwe ntawe araha urumogi ngo rumwangirize ubuzima. Muri uru rubanza, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibisabwa n’Uregwa nta shingiro byahabwa kuko atari itegeko ko umucamanza agabanya ibihano n’ubwo haba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Asobanura ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamugabanyirije ibihano ukurikije ibiteganywa n’Itegeko ku cyaha ashinjwa cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutaramugabanyirije nta kosa rwakoze kuko atigeze yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, ko kuri uru rwego ariho acyemeye bwa mbere kandi nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko, kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire nta kamaro bigirira ubikoze. Incamake y’icyemezo: Kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha ku buryo buzwi nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, no mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bisa, Sezibera Aloys akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku bihano gusa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibya n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 59. Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RPAA00809/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ngezenubwo Dany rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/03/2025. RPAA00393/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayisenga Isaїe rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/03/2025. RPAA00561/2021/CA-CMB RPAA00064/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Mpagazehe Haruna na Ndatimana Hussein rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2023. RPA00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 03/08/2020, mu mudugudu wa Tarafiporo, mu Kagari ka Bunyunju, Umurenge wa Kivumu mu Karere ka Rutsiro, ubwo Sezibera Aloys yari kuri moto yari itwawe na Mbarushimana Bosco yafashwe n’inzego z’umutekano afite udupfunyika 800 tw’urumogi avuye kurangura Mahoko, agiye kurucuruza ku Busenda. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Sezibera Aloys mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw). [3] Sezibera Aloys yireguye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, ariko avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe yari yaruguze agiye kurunywa, ko abamufashe ari bo bavuze ko ari urumogi rwo gucuruza. [4] Mu rubanza RP00384/2020/TGI/KNG rwaciwe ku wa 30/05/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwasanze ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha birimo kuba mu nzego z’iperereza Sezibera Aloys yaremeye ko urumogi yafatanwe rwari urwo gucuruza, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Rusagara na Shema Faustin basobanura uburyo bamufashe bari mu kazi ko gucunga umutekano w’ibinyabiziga, bigararaza ko yakoze ibyaha akurikiranyweho. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Sezibera Aloys ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda n’icyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw), rumugabanyirije igihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha. [5] Sezibera Aloys yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza urumogi kandi yaraburanye yemera ko urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwo kunywa. Asaba Urukiko guca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano kikanasubikwa, n’amafaranga y’ihazabu agakurwaho kuko ari umukene atayabona. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Sezibera Aloys yagiye ahindagura imvugo, ariko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha akaba yari yasobanuye neza ko acuruza urumogi, ko rero udupfunyika 800 tw’urumogi yafatanwe rutari urwo kunywa nk’uko yashatse kubigaragariza Urukiko, ko atanagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije. [7] Mu rubanza RPA00249/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 09/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasanze impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Sezibera Aloys nta shingiro zifite, ko igihano yahanishijwe kitagabanywa, rwemeza ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [8] Sezibera Aloys ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA00406/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 07/07/2025, Sezibera Aloys yunganiwe na Me

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Musabwa K. Frédéric, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya Nyangezi Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire Sezibera Aloys n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajuriye atagamije guhangana, ahubwo atakamba asaba n’imbabazi ngo uru Rukiko rumugabanyirize igihano kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rutamugabanyirije ruvuga ko atemera icyaha, kandi we yaraburanye acyemera ariko kuko yaburaniraga kuri Skype byatumaga batumvikana neza, runirengagije ko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha n’uko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka cyateje kuko yafashwe ntawe araha urumogi ngo rumwangirize ubuzima. Basaba ko uru Rukiko rwashingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rukamugabanyiriza igihano kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwayirengagije, rushingira ku murongo watanzwe mbere y’uko iryo Tegeko risohoka. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibisabwa na Sezibera Aloys, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko atari itegeko ko umucamanza agabanya ibihano n’ubwo haba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, kandi Sezibera Aloys akaba mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yaragabanyirijwe; mu Rukiko Rukuru umucamanza avuga ko atakongera kumugabanyiriza, akaba rero nta kosa yakoze kuko Sezibera atigeze yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, ko kuri uru rwego ariho acyemeye bwa mbere kandi nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire nta kamaro bigirira ubikoze. [11] Ikibazo gisuzumwa mu rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirengagijwe zari gutuma Sezibera Aloys ahabwa igihano kiri munsi y’icyo yahawe. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirengagijwe zari gutuma Sezibera Aloys ahabwa igihano kiri munsi y’icyo yahawe [12] Sezibera Aloys n’umwunganira basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa akavuga ingano y’urumogi n’igiciro yagombaga kurugurisha, kandi ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwarabibonye aho rwabigarutseho mu gika cya 9 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, ariko ntirwashingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ngo rumugabanyirize igihano ahanishwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ahubwo rushingira ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA00561/2021/CA - CMB RPAA00064/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2023, kandi warafashwe mbere y’uko iryo Tegeko risohoka, bituma rugumishaho igifungo cy’imyaka 20 hatarebwe ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kubera ko yari asanzwe yitwara neza kuko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, akaba ataranagoye urukiko, ndetse n’icyaha yakoze kikaba nta ngaruka cyateje kuko yafashwe ntawe araha urumogi ngo rumwangirize ubuzima. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibisabwa na Sezibera Aloys, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko atari itegeko ko umucamanza agabanya ibihano n’ubwo haba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Asobanura ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamugabanyirije ibihano, naho mu Rukiko Rukuru, umucamanza avuga ko atakongera kumugabanyiriza; ko kuba atarashingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe ngo yongeye kumugabanyiriza igihano cy’igifungo nta kosa yakoze, bitewe n’uko atigeze yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho nk’uko ingingo ya 59 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe ibiteganya, kuko yaburanye avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rwari urwo kunywa. Anavuga ko basanga Sezibera yaremeye icyaha bwa mbere kuri uru rwego kandi harebwe imirongo yatanzwe kuri icyo kibazo, igaragaza ko ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire nta kamaro bigirira ubikoze. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[14] Impaka ziri mu rubanza zishingiye ku kumumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirengagijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rusizi bigatuma Sezibera Aloys atagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15. [15] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagaragaje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, cyakora mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano1. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka harimo nk’urubanza RPAA00809/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngezenubwo Dany. [16] Sezibera Aloys abazwa mu nzego z’iperereza yemeye ko urumogi udupfunyika 800 yafatanwe yari agiye kurugurisha, anavuga ko agapfunyika kamwe azajya akagurisha amafaranga 200. Aburana ku rwego rwa mbere yahinduye imvugo avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rwari urwo kunywa, ariko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rusanga hari ibimenyetso bihamya ko yakoze icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [17] Mu bujurire bwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rusizi, Sezibera Aloys yanenze ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza urumogi kandi yaraburanye yemera ko urumogi yafatanwe rwari urwo kunywa, ananenga igihano yahawe. Urukiko rwasanze udupfunyika 800 tw’Urumogi yafatanwe ari twinshi, ko nta kindi yari agamije usibye kutugurisha nk’uko nawe atangira kubazwa mu nzego z’iperereza yabyiyemereye, maze rwemeza ko nta kosa ryo gukosora ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi. Ku byerekeye igihano, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku rubanza RPAA00561/2021/CA-CMB RPAA00064/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2023 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Mpagazehe Haruna na Ndatimana Hussein bari bafatanwe udupfunyika 900 tw’urumogi bagiye kutugurisha, buri wese agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000Frw hashingiwe ku kuba nta dosiye igaragaza ko hari ikindi cyaha bigeze bahanirwa, maze rwemeza ko nta mpamvu yatuma Sezibera Aloys yongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo SEZIBERA Aloys n’umwunganira basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa, akavuga ingano y’urumogi n’igiciro yagombaga kurugurishaho nta shingiro bifite, kuko imiburanire ye mu nkiko zibanza igaragaza ko ataburanye yemera icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi ku buryo budashidikanywaho kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe yari yaruguze ari urwo kunywa, no mu bujurire bwe anenga ko yahamijwe icyo cyaha. Bityo, impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ishingiye ku kwemera icyaha ikaba itarirengagijwe nk’uko babivuga, kubera ko ukwemera icyaha kugira agaciro gashobora gutuma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano ari ugukozwe byibura mbere y’uko iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere ripfundikirwa, kandi kukaba kudashidikanywaho (...)2. Naho ibyerekeranye no kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza n’uko bwari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, byo bikaba byaritaweho mu igenwa ry’igihano yahawe. [19] Uru Rukiko rurasanga ariko inenge Sezibera Aloys n’umwunganira bagaragaza y’uko Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rusizi rwanze kumugabanyiriza ibihano bitewe n’uko rwashingiye ku rubanza RPAA00561/2021/CA-CMB RPAA00064/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2023 mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº

1Urubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, igika cya 252-254. 2 Reba igika cya 136 cy’urubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara n’abandi.

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59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange risohoka bifite ishingiro, kuko, ibyerekeye igihano yahawe bitari gusesengurwa hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe hashingiye ku itegeko ryahinduwe. Iby’uko imirongo yagiyeho mbere y’Itegeko ririho idakurikizwa byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA00048/2020/CA3 aho rwagaragaje ko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho (cyangwa ryahinduwe). [20] Mu manza ziheruka gucibwa n’uru Rukiko harimo nk’urubanza no RPAA 00393/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/03/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayisenga Isaїe. Muri uru rubanza Ndayisenga Isaїe yagabanyirijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 21.050.000Frw yari yahanishijwe, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.0000Frw kubera gufatanwa ikilo kimwe cy’urumogi (1kg) n’udupfunyika 186 tw’urumogi, impamvu yagabanyirijwe igihano akaba ari uko ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi. [21] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, no mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bisa, uru Rukiko rurasanga Sezibera Aloys nawe akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, agahabwa igihano kiri mu kigero kimwe n’icyahawe Ndayisenga Isaie kuko yafatanwe udupfunyika 800 tw’ urumogi, turi mu kigero kimwe n’urwo uyu yafatanwe, ariko igihano cy’ihazabu kikisumburaho kuko we yafatanwe udupfunyika twinshi. Bityo, uru Rukiko rukaba ruhanishije Sezibera Aloys, igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.0000Frw) gisimbura igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni 20.000.000Frw yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuriririrwa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Sezibera Aloys bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA00249/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 09/05/2024 ruhindutse kubirebana n’igihano. [24] Ruhanishije Sezibera Aloys igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000Frw). [25] Rutegetse ko asonerwa gutanga amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunzwe.

3Urubanza RPAA00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana, mu gika cya 26.