SHYAKA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# SHYAKA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00328/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

SHYAKA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00328/2022/CA (Kanyange, P.J.,) 28 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana – Kugabanya ibihano – Iyo uregwa anenga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko Umucamanza yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Kugabanya ibihano – Nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanze igihano cyatanzwe kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Shyaka Jonas yarezwe mu Bugenzacyaha n’umwana wahawe izina rya M.C. mu manza za mbere wari ufite imyaka 17 y’amavuko, avuga ko yamusambanyije mu bihe bitandukanye mu mwaka wa 2019, amutera inda, bituma uregwa atangira gukurikiranwa. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye bushingiye ku kuba acyemera, ku mvugo za M.C. n’iz’abatangabuhamya, bumusabira guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Shyaka Jonas yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko yakundanye na M.C. bararyamana amutera inda ateganya ko bazabana, kandi ko yari yaramubwiye ko afite imyaka 18. Urukiko rwemeje ko Shyaka ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, kuko yacyemeye akanashinjwa n’abatangabuhamya, rusanga ariko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Shyaka yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugira ngo azatahe ajye kwita ku mwana yabyaranye na M.C., kandi ko n’uwo mukobwa bajya kungana mu myaka. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko iyo mpamvu nta shingiro ifite, kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ahabwa igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. Urukiko rwasanze impamvu Shyaka Jonas ashingiraho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano nta shingiro zifite kuko yagabanyirijwe cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije, ahanishwa igihano gito gishoboka giteganywa n’Itegeko cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) kandi yarashoboraga guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), ndetse icyaha yakoze kikaba cyaragize ingaruka k’uwagikorewe kuko yamuteye inda abyara akiri umwana. Rwemeje rero ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Shyaka yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, we n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajuriye kugira ngo asabe kugabanyirizwa igihano ahabwe igihano gito cyamufasha kugororoka no kujya kwita ku mwana wavutse kuko kuva yatangira gukurikiranwa yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, akaba yari

## Page 2

asanzwe yitwara neza ndetse akaba yari mu kigero kimwe na M.C. kuko yari afite imyaka 19 naho uwo mukobwa afite imyaka 17, asaba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha nawe asaba ko Shyaka yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). Incamake y’icyemezo: 1.Iyo uregwa anenga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko Umucamanza yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. 2. Nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanze igihano cyatanzwe kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ku wa 04/04/2022; Urubanza RPAA 00406/2020/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/11/2021; Urubanza RPAA 00587/2024/CA, rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Rwagahungu Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ku wa 23/05/2025.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Shyaka Jonas yarezwe mu Bugenzacyaha n’umwana wahawe izina rya M.C. mu manza za mbere wari ufite imyaka 17 y'amavuko, ko yamusambanyije mu bihe bitandukanye mu mwaka wa 2019, amutera inda, abyara ku wa 02/11/2019, Shyaka Jonas atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye bushingiye ku kuba acyemera, ku mvugo za M.C. n’iz’abatangabuhamya, bumusabira guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20.

## Page 3

[3] Shyaka Jonas yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko yakundanye na M.C. bararyamana amutera inda ateganya ko bazabana, kandi ko yari yaramubwiye ko afite imyaka 18. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00055/2020/TGI/HYE rwaciwe ku wa 13/02/2020, Urukiko rwemeje ko Shyaka Jonas ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, kuko yacyemeye akanashinjwa n’abatangabuhamya, rusanga ariko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20. [5] Shyaka Jonas yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugira ngo azatahe ajye kwita ku mwana yabyaranye na M.C., kandi ko n’uwo mukobwa bajya kungana mu myaka. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko iyo mpamvu nta shingiro ifite, kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ahabwa igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00202/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022, Urukiko rwasanze impamvu Shyaka Jonas ashingiraho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano nta shingiro zifite kuko yagabanyirijwe cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije, ahanishwa igihano gito gishoboka giteganywa n’Itegeko cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) kandi yarashoboraga guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), ndetse icyaha yakoze kikaba cyaragize ingaruka k’uwagikorewe kuko yamuteye inda abyara akiri umwana. Rwemeje rero ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [8] Shyaka Jonas yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00328/2022/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 19/11/2025 Shyaka Jonas yunganiwe na Me Sebazungu Catherine, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwanziga Lydia, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Shyaka Jonas n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajuriye kugira ngo asabe kugabanyirizwa igihano ahabwe igihano gito cyamufasha kugororoka no kujya kwita ku mwana wavutse. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Shyaka Jonas yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Shyaka Jonas yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Shyaka Jonas yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [12] Shyaka Jonas n’umwunganira basaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 59 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zirimo kuba kuva mu ntangiriro uregwa yaremeye icyaha, kuko na Shyaka kuva yatangira gukurikiranwa yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, akaba yari asanzwe yitwara neza ndetse akaba yari mu kigero kimwe na

## Page 4

M.C. kuko yari afite imyaka 19 naho uwo mukobwa afite imyaka 17, akaba yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10. [13] Basobanura ko mu kumugabanyiriza hashingirwa ku mirongo yatanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza zitandukanye, harimo urubanza RPAA 00587/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 23/05/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rwagahungu Emmanuel wari ufite imyaka 19 agasambanya umukobwa w’imyaka 17 akanamutera inda, Urukiko rukamuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10), n’urubanza RPAA 00333/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2024 haburanana ubushinjacyaha na Ngirinshuti Didier nawe wasambanyije umwana uri mu kigero kimwe na M.C akanamutera inda, akaba yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nawe asanga Shyaka Jonas yagabanyirizwa igihano, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku Itegeko ryakurikizwaga ritemeraga gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’imyaka 20 ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 17, ariko ko kuba iryo tegeko ryarahindutse urubanza rukiburanishwa kandi akaba yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa, yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) Urukiko Rukuru rwahanishije Shyaka Jonas cyagabanywa. [16] Ikibazo cy’uregwa wajuririye gusa kugabanyirizwa igihano, cyatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rwasobanuye ko iyo uregwa anenga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko Umucamanza yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano1. [17] Na none kandi mu rubanza RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/11/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanze igihano cyatanzwe kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe2. [18] Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe igaragaza ko mu kutaganyiriza igihano Shyaka Jonas yari yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere cy’imyaka 20, Urukiko rwabishingiye ku mpamvu y’uko

1 Uyu murongo warakurikijwe no mu manza za vuba, uruheruka rukaba ari urubanza RPAA 01403/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/08/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwimana Jacques.

2 Uyu murongo wanakurikijwe mu manza za vuba, uruheruka rukaba ari urubanza RPAA 00655/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/05/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Imanishimwe Mutoni.

## Page 5

yagabanyirijwe bihagije ahanishwa igihano gito Itegeko ryateganyaga ko kandi icyaha yakoze cyagize ingaruka ku wagikorewe wabyaye akiri umwana. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, byumvikana ko mu mpamvu zatumye Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza rutagabanya igihano Shyaka yari yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, harimo kuba Itegeko ritaremeraga kujya munsi y’igihano gito cyari giteganyijwe ku cyaha cyamuhamye, ni ukuvuga igifungo cy’imyaka 20, ariko mu kubyemeza gutyo Urukiko rukaba rwarirengagije umurongo wari uriho watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00032/2029/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, urwo Rukiko rukaba rwarasobanuye ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihano gishobora kugabanywa kugera munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko iyo intera iri hagati y’igihano gito (minimum) n’ikiri hejuru (maximum) ari ndende; naho mu gihe iyo ntera ari nto, umucamanza agashobora kugabanya akagera munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko hitawe ku buremere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka cyateje. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, Urukiko Rukuru/ Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwarashoboraga gusuzuma niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zari gutuma igihano Shyaka yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere cyongera kugabanywa, muri izo mpamvu kandi hakaba hari ukuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi no kuba yari akiva mu kigero cy’abana kuko yari afite imyaka 19 ndetse ataruta cyane uwo yasambanyije wari ufite imyaka 17, bityo hatirengagijwe koko ingaruka icyaha cyateye nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye, igihano yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa kigahuzwa n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [21] Mu kugabanya icyo gihano, Urukiko rurashingira ku zindi manza zaciwe ku bantu barezwe icyaha nk’icyo Shyaka Jonas akurikiranyweho, harimo urubanza RPAA 00587/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 23/05/2025, haburanana Ubushinjacyaha na Rwagahungu Emmanuel wari mu kigero kimwe na Shyaka onas kuko yari afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19), agasambanya umwana uri mu kigero kimwe na M.C kuko yari afite imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) akanamutera inda, Urukiko rukaba rwaramugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi no kuba yari akiva mu bwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10), bityo kuba izo mpamvu azihuriyeho na Shyaka Jonas bakaba bagabanyirizwa mu buryo bumwe mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bisa, nawe agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10), bityo urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba ruhindutse ku byerekeye igihano yari yahanishijwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Shyaka Jonas bufite ishingiro ku birebana no kugabanyirizwa igihano; [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00202/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/ Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 26/05/2022, ihindutse ku birebana n’igihano Shyaka Jonas yari yahanishijwe; [24] Ruhanishije Shyaka Jonas igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) mu mwanya w’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) yari yahanishijwe.