UBUSHINJACYAHA v. SIBOMANA Ali

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. SIBOMANA Ali

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-04-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00782/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. SIBOMANA Ali [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00782/2021/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.) 24 Werurwe 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Kuba hari isubiracyaha nk’impamvu yongera ububi bw’icyaha (nkomezacyaha), aho ugaragaweho isubiracyaha ahanishwa igihano ntarengwa (maximum) cyateganyijwe n’itegeko kandi gishobora kongerwa kugeza ku nshuro ebyiri; ibi ntibyabuza ko uregwa wagabanyirijwe igihano mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ashobora kongera kukigabanyirizwa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nkabyo, buvuga ko yafatanywe urumogi rungana na “boules” 11 ubwo abashinzwe umutekano bageraga muri “restaurant” ya nyina bagasangamo urumogi uregwa yari yazanye akaruhibagirwa. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ko urwo rumogi ari urwe, ko atarucuruza ahubwo aruha uwitwa Abdoulkarim. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza nuko rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kigizwe n’ibikorwa byo gufatanwa no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw, mu kumuhamya icyo cyaha urwo Rukiko rwagaragaje kandi ko atari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha cy’ibiyobyabwenge nk'uko bigaragazwa n’urubanza RP 00128/2017/TB/NYGE. Uregwa yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano avuga ko ari uwamushutse ko amuzanira urumogi akazamuha “permis”. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza nuko rusanga ibyo uregwa asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano yarabikorewe ku rwego rwa mbere kuko aho guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw kandi ko ari isubiracyaha, ko ahubwo igihano cyari gikwiye kwiyongera ariko akaba yaragabanyirijwe ibihano, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Uregwa yarongeye ajuririra iyo mikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanwaho kandi agasaba imbabazi, avuga kandi ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwazanasuzuma ibivugwa mu gika cya 38 cy’urubanza RS/INCOST/SPEC/00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019, aho rwavuze ku bijyanye n’amwe mu mahame agize ubutabera buboneye ko: umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwe, maze rubihereho rumugabanyirize igihano, yongeraho kandi ko uburemere bw’icyaha akurikiranyweho budakabije kubera ingano y’udupfunyika yafatanywe. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko ibyo uregwa asaba urukiko byo kugabanyirizwa igihano nta shingiro byahabwa kuko umucamanza yamugabanyirije, amuha igihano gito amategeko ateganya kuko yari guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, buvuga kandi ko ibyerekeye kuba uburemere bw’icyaha budakabije kubera ingano nto y’urumogi yafatanywe bitashingirwaho kubera ko uregwa akurikiranywe mu buryo bw’isubiracyaha.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba hari isubiracyaha nk’impamvu yongera ububi bw’icyaha (nkomezacyaha), aho ugaragaweho isubiracyaha ahanishwa igihano ntarengwa (maximum) cyateganyijwe n’itegeko kandi gishobora kongerwa kugeza ku nshuro ebyiri; ibi ntibyabuza ko uregwa wagabanyirijwe igihano mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ashobora kongera kukigabanyirizwa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; Urubanza ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha v. Nsabimana alias Sankara Et.Al, RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Ubushinjacyaha v. Nzafashwanimana, RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020. Ubushinjacyaha v. Nduwayezu, RPAA 00319/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/11/2022. Ubushinjacyaha na Nsengiyaremye, RPAA 00466/2021/ CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 27/01/2023. Ubushinjacyaha v. Habarugira, RPAA 00190/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/10/2022. Ubushinjacyaha v. Maniriho alias Buregeya RPAA 00486/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/01/2023, Re. Kabasinga, RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 4/12/2019. Supreme Court of Canada, R. v. Ipeelee, 2012 SCC 13, [2012] 1 S.C.R. 433, date: 20120323, docket: 33650, 34245. Available online at https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/8000/index.do, Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

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[1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho Sibomana Ali icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nkabyo, buvuga ko ku wa 17/06/2019, yafatanywe urumogi rungana na “boules” 11 ubwo abashinzwe umutekano bageze muri “restaurant” ya Uzamukunda Zawadi Béatrice (Umubyeyi we) basangamo agapfunyika kamwe k’urumogi, Sibomana Ali yari yazanye akakahibagirirwa, ko ibyo abishinjwa na Uzamukunda Zawadi Béatrice ndetse n’abatangabuhamya bamufashe, kandi ko ari isubiracyaha. Sibomana Ali yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ko urwo rumogi rwose ari urwe, ko atarucuruza ahubwo aruha Abdoulkarim. [2] Mu rubanza no RP 00843/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 30/07/2019, Urukiko rwahamije Sibomana Ali icyaha cy’ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kigizwe n’ibikorwa byo gufatanwa no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Mu kumuhamya icyaha, Urukiko rwashingiye ku mvugo ya Sibomana Ali ubwe ubwo yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha, aho yemeye icyaha akanasaba imbabazi, kandi ko atari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha cy’ibiyobyabwenge nk'uko bigaragazwa n’urubanza No RP 00128/2017/TB/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 16/03/2017 n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Nyarugenge rwamuhanishije igifungo cy'umwaka n'ihazabu ya 100.000 Frw, bikaba bishyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso birimo ubuhamya bwa Uzamukunda Zawadi Béatrice umubyeyi wa Sibomana Ali wemeje ko agurisha urumogi kandi ko yamubujije akamunanira, bikagera aho amwirukana mu rugo rwe, ubu buhamya bugashimangirwa na “PV de constat” yo ku wa 18/6/2019 iri muri dosiye ya Sibomana Ali, akaba yaranashyize umukono ku nyandiko y’ibazwa, ubwe yemera ko urumogi yarufatanywe kandi arugura ku mafaranga ye, akarushyira Abdoulkarim ku masezerano bafitanye, kandi no mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye ko arumugurisha kuri 1000 Frw agapfunyika kamwe. [3] Sibomana Ali yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano avuga ko ari uwamushutse ko amuzanira urumogi akazamuha “permis”. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko Sibomana Ali yemeraga ko anywa ibiyobyabwenge ariko agahakana kubicuruza, ko kuba ubwo yemera gucuruza, bitatuma agabanyiriza kuko yagabanyirijwe mbere ku buryo buhagije akaba adakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa. [4] Mu rubanza no RPA 001517/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2021, Urukiko rwasanze ibyo Sibomana Ali asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano yarabikorewe ku rwego rwa mbere kuko aho guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw kandi ko ari isubiracyaha, ko ahubwo igihano cyari gikwiye kwiyongera ariko akaba yaragabanyirijwe ibihano, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza yajuririye rudahindutse. [5] Sibomana Ali yarongeye ajuririra iyo mikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanwaho kandi agasaba imbabazi. [6] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 02/03/2023, Sibomana Ali yunganiwe na Me Ruganza BIN SEBA, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na PN NIYIBIZI Tite, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Sibomana Ali yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano.

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IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO 1. Kumenya niba Sibomana Ali yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [7] Sibomana Ali avuga ko asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha ku buryo budasubirwaho kandi agasaba imbabazi cyane, ko ubu asanga yaragororotse ndetse akaba yarakoze icyaha bitewe n’ikigare. Asaba kandi ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kugirango abone uko asubira ku ishuri. Avuga ko hashingirwa ku rubanza no RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020, rwemeje ko akamaro k’igihano katareberwa gusa k’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, ko hakwiye no kwitabwa ku nyungu za rubanda harimo uwahohotewe mu gukumira ko icyo cyaha cyazasubira, cyaba gisubiwemo n’uregwa cyangwa gikozwe n’undi ndetse hakitabwa no ku nyungu z’uregwa hagendewe ku mwihariko wa buri rubanza. [8] Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwazanasuzuma ibivugwa mu gika cya 38 cy’urubanza no RS/INCOST/SPEC/00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019, aho rwavuze ku bijyanye n’amwe mu mahame agize ubutabera buboneye ko: umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije ubumere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwe, maze rubihereho rumugabanyirize igihano, hashingiwe ku ingingo ya 60, igika cya 2 y‘Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [9] Me Ruganza Bin Seba wunganira Sibomana Ali, avuga ko igihano uwo yunganira yahawe ari kirekire kandi hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Asaba Urukiko ko rwamugabanyiriza igihano, rukamuhanisha ikiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, harebwa uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Asanga urukiko rutaramugabanyirije ku buryo buhagije cyane ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’itegeko gusa. Avuga kandi ko uburemere bw’icyaha Sibomana Ali akurikiranyweho budakabije kubera ingano y’udupfunyika yafatanywe, akaba kandi asobanura ko impamvu yatumye akora icyahaaruko hari uwamwoheje kuko hari icyo yamwizezaga. Asoza asaba asaba ko hanagenderwa ku manza zaciwe zatanze umurongo ku bijyanye no kugabanya igihano Urukiko rufatiye ku myaka y’uwakoze icyaha no ku mibereho ye, bityo rukagabanyiriza igihano Sibomana Ali rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 5 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo Sibomana Ali asaba urukiko byo kugabanyirizwa igihano nta shingiro byahabwa kuko umucamanza yamugabanyirije, amuha igihano gito amategeko ateganya kuko yari guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ariko kuko yemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho yahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25, bityo akaba adakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo uwunganira Sibomana Ali avuga ko uburemere bw’icyaha budakabije kubera ingano nto y’urumogi yafatanywe bitashingirwaho kubera ko Sibomana Ali akurikiranywe mu buryo bw’isubiracyaha, ko hari n’ubundi yahamijwe icyaha cy’ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, kuba yarabisubiyemo nta kindi gikwiye gukorwa uretse kugumishaho igihano yahanishijwe kuko byamufasha kubireka. Busaba Urukiko kwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Sibomana Ali nta shingiro bufite, ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza yajuririye.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Imiburanire y’impande zombi muri uru rubanza, igaragaza ko ikigomba gusuzumwa ari ukumenya niba Sibomana Ali wagabanyirijwe igihano ashobora kongera kukigabanyirizwa nubwo yakoze isubiracyaha. [13] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagaragaje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga Urukiko rubanza, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n˚68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu1, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano2. Mu bika bikurikiraho Urukiko rurasuzuma niba hari ukwibeshya kugaragarira buri wese kwabaye, cyangwa gukoresha nabi ubushishozi cyangwa itegeko mu kugenera Sibomana Ali ibihano mu rubanza nº RPAA 00782/2021/CA rujuririrwa. [14] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Sibomana Ali buvuga ko yafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi rungana na “boules” 11 kuwa 17/06/2019, mu mwirondoro we, bigaragara ko yavutse taliki 04/10/1997, byumvikana ko icyaha akurikiranweho yagikoze afite imyaka 22. [15] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko mu rubanza no RP 00843/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 30/07/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze nubwo Sibomana Ali yakoze isubiracyaha nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RP00128/2017/TB/NYGE rwasomwe kuwa 16/03/2017, kuba akiri muto byamubera impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa igihano agahabwa amahirwe yo kuba yagororwa, bityo aho kumuhanisha igihano cyo gufungwa burundu n’ihazabu ya 30,000,000Frw, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20,000,000Frw hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko “Iyo hari impamvu zigabanya ububi bw’icyaha, haseguriwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 107 igihano cyo gufungwa burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25)”3. [16] Urwo rubanza rumaze kujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ku rwego rwa mbere Sibomana Ali yaraburanye yemera icyaha, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rubiheraho 1 Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Iyo hari impurirane z’impamvu zashingirwaho, umucamanza agomba kwita ku rutonde rukurikira mu kugena igihano: impamvu nkomezacyaha; impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. 2 Urubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, igika cya 252-254 3Urubanza no.RP.00843/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 30/07/2019, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sibomana Ali, igika cya 16.

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rumugabanyiriza igihano, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 20.000.000Frw, kubw’ibyo rusanga rutakongera kugaruka kuri izo mpamvu zashingiweho mu kumubagabanyiriza ibihano kubera ko Urukiko rubanza rwari rwazisuzumye, rusanga nta yindi mpamvu yatuma agabanyirizwa ibihano mu gihe bigaragara ko byagabanyijwe, cyane cyane ko Sibomana Ali yanakoze isubiracyaha, igihano kikaba cyari gikwiye kwiyongera4. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba Sibomana Ali yaragabayirijwe igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga angana na 20,000,000Frw, ari nacyo gihano gito itegeko riteganya, Urukiko Rukuru rugasanga yaragabanyirijwe ku buryo icyo gihano kitakongera kugabanywa; ibi ari inenge igaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rubanza rwakoresheje nabi itegeko n’ubushishozi bwarwo kubera ko Urukiko rushobora kugabanya igihano kugera munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza No RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, rukemeza ko ntakibibuza5. [18] Uru Rukiko rurasanga kandi kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarasanze Sibomana Ali yarakoze isubiracyaha, igihano cye kikaba cyari gikwiye kwiyongera, ibi nabyo bitavanaho ko rwashoboraga no kuba rwamugabanyiriza igihano, kuko mu ngingo ya 49, igika cya 2 , Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ivuga ko iyo hari impurirane z’impamvu zashingirwaho, “umucamanza agomba kwita ku rutonde rukurikira mu kugena igihano: 1º impamvu nkomezacyaha; 2º impamvu nyoroshyacyaha.”, bityo ko nyuma yo kwita ku mpamvu nkomezacyaha y’uko Sibomana Ali yakoze isubiracyaha, hagombaga no kwitabwa ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha mu kumuhana. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihe Sibomana Ali yakoraga icyaha akurikiranweho, yari akiri umusore muto w’imyaka 22 ndetse akaba yaranafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi (boules 11), mu manza nyinshi zaciwe n’uru Rukiko izo mpamvu zombi zikaba zarashingiweho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, aho abaregwa bagabanyirijwe ibihano; mu rubanza No RPAA 00466/2021/ CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 27/01/2023, Nsengiyaremye Elie wari ufite imyaka 20 igihe yakoraga icyaha, yagabanyirijwe igihano kuva ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu ya 21,000,000Frw kugera ku gifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10); muri uru rubanza uru rukiko rwasobanura neza ko “icyiciro cy’abantu bari hagati y’imyaka 18 na 25 aribo biswe “Young adults” imikorere y’ubwonko n’imiterereze byabo biba bigikura, bigira ingaruka ku igenamigambi ry’abo hamwe n’amahitamo yabo”,6 ari nabyo bishobora kuba byaragize ingaruka kuri Sibomana Ali agakora isubiracyaha kubyerekeranye no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi) ari muri icyo kigero cy’imyaka y’amavuko. [20] Mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00190/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/10/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habarugira Vincent, uyu nawe Urukiko 4 Urubanza no.RPA 01517/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 29/10/2021, igika cya 9. 5 Muri urwo rubanza, igika cya 18, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko umucamanza atagomba kugira ikimuzitira mu kugabanyiriza ushinjwa igihano ndetse no kugeza munsi y’igihano gito itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha aburanisha kuko kubikora byaba ari ukubangamira ubwigenge bw’umucamanza mu kugena igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha. Uwo murongo akaba ari nawo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza nyinshi zakurikiyeho, zirimo urubanza N° RPAA 00319/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/11/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nduwayezu Jean Baptiste n’izindi. 6 Urubanza RPAA 00466/2021/ CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 27/01/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsengiyaremye Elie, igika cya 20.

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rwamugabanyije igihano kuva ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20,000,000Frw kugera ku gifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu ya 5,000,000Frw, urukiko rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko ingano y’urumogi (boules 16) yafatanywe itakwirengagizwa, kuko uko irushaho kuba ntoya ari nako amahirwe yo kwangiriza aba agabanutse, bityo ingaruka z’iki gikorwa zikaba zidashobora kugera ku bantu benshi. [21] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, igika cya kabiri7, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga kuba hari isubiracyaha nk’impamvu yongera ububi bw’icyaha (nkomezacyaha), aho ugaragaweho isubiracyaha ahanishwa igihano ntarengwa (maximum) cyateganyijwe n’itegeko kandi gishobora kongerwa kugeza ku nshuro ebyiri;8 ibi bitabuza ko Sibomana Ali wagabanyirijwe igihano, ashobora kongera kukigabanyirizwa hakurikijwe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zavuzwe haruguru, ariko gushingira kuri izo mpamvu hagatangwa igihano gito ntarengwa (minimum) nk’icyo Sibomana Ali yahawe (hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange) kandi kiri hejuru, bikaba ntacyo bimarira uregwa, n’ubutabera muri rusange, nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 4/12/2019 haburana Kabasinga Florida, ahubwo umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49, igika cya 1 y’itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, ari nayo yashingiweho uwo murongo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwafashe9. [22] Hitawe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta kibuza umucamanza kuba yagabanyiriza uregwa igihano mu gihe asanga biri mu nyungu z’Ubutabera kuko icyo aricyo cyose cyabuza umucamanza guca urubanza mu bwisanzure cyaba kinyuranyije n’ihame ry’ubwigenge bw’ubucamanza nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabyemeje mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru.10 Ibi kandi ni ko n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabyemeje mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00190/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 31/10/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habarugira Vincent11; ndetse abahanga mu mategeko Frédéric Desportes na Francis Le Gunehec mu gitabo cyabo cya “Droit Pénal Général”, nabo bakaba barasobanuye ko ku birebana no kugabanya igihano ku muntu wakoze isubiracyaha, nta gushidikanya, ibyo bitangwa n’urukiko hashingiwe ku bihano biteganywa n’amategeko hitawe ku buryo iryo subiracyaha ryakozwemo, kandi bigakorwa hagendewe ku bushishozi bw’urukiko12. 7 Ivuga ko iyo hari impurirane z’impamvu zashingirwaho, “umucamanza agomba kwita ku rutonde rukurikira mu kugena igihano: 1º impamvu nkomezacyaha; 2º impamvu nyoroshyacyaha.” 8 Ingingo 52, igika cya 3 y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange 9 Urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 4/12/2019 haburana Kabasinga Florida, igika cya 45. 10 Idem, igika cya 37. 11 ’ kugenera umucamanza ingano y’igihano atagomba kujya munsi bikaba ari ukubangamira ihame rivugwa mu ngingo ya 29 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’uRwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015 aho ivuga ko buri muntu afite uburenganizira ku butabera buboneye ndetse n’ingingo ya 151 ivuga ko umucamanza afata icyemezo mu bwigenge busesuye. Ibivuzwe muri iki gika bisobanura ko Urukiko Rukuru, mu gihe rwumvaga rushobora kugabanyiriza igihano Habarugira kugeza munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 25, nta mpamvu n’imwe yagombaga kuruzitira.’’ Urubanza Nº RPAA 00190/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/10/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habarugira Vincent, Igika cya 18. 12 En revanche s’agissant des causes judiciaires de diminution de peine, il n’y a pas de doute. L’indulgence des juridictions pénales doit s’exercer sur la peine légalement encourue, compte tenue, le cas échéant, de l’état de récidive, solution qui paraît commandée par le bon sens. ‘’ Frédéric Desportes & Francis Le Gunehec, Droit Pénal

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[23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nubwo Sibomana Ali yakoze isubiracyaha, mu kugena ibihano hakwiye kwitabwa ku kigero cy’imyaka yari afite nk’umusore muto (Young adult) kuko n’ubwo iyo mpamvu yashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere itahawe agaciro gakwiye kuko n’ubundi urwo Rukiko rwamuhanishije igihano kiremereye cyane harebwe ikigero cye, ndetse n’ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi) yafatanwe “boules 11”, mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo cyakozwemo (Principe de la proportionnalité de la peine à l’infraction) nk’uko byanatanzweho umurongo mu manza nyinshi zaciwe n’uru Rukiko13. [24] Ibyerekeranye no guhuza igihano n’imihanire y’icyaha n’uburyo cyakozwemo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Canada narwo ruvuga ko ari rimwe mu mahame y’ingenzi y’ubutabera (sine qua non of a just sanction) nk’uko rwabivuze mu rubanza rwa R. v. Ipeelee rwaciwe kuwa 23/03/2012, aho rwavuze ko Urukiko rwajuririwe rugomba kunyurwa no kuba igihano kijuririrwa gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyozwe bw’uwagikoze, urwo Rukiko rubivuga mu magambo akurikira “Proportionality is the sine qua non of a just sanction. Proportionality, the fundamental principle of sentencing, is intimately tied to the fundamental purpose of sentencing — the maintenance of a just, peaceful and safe society through the imposition of just sanctions. An appellate court must be satisfied that the sentence under review is proportionate to both the gravity of the offence and the degree of responsibility of the offender”14. [25] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 20.000.000Frw Sibomana Ali yahanishijwe ku cyaha cy’ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kigizwe n’igikorwa cyo gufatanwa no kurugurisha urumogi, nubwo yakoze isubiracyaha, icyo gihano kidakwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, harebwe ingano y’urumogi yafatanwe (boules 11) ndetse n’ikigero cy’imyaka 22 y’ubukure yari afite (degree of responsibility of the offender) kuko yari akiri umusore muto ugikura (Young adult); kubera izo mpamvu akaba akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000Frw) kuko gihagije gutuma yakwikosora, akongera kugororwa, akazasubira mu muryango nyarwanda agifite imbaraga zo gukora no kuba yakwigirira akamaro ndetse akakigirira n’igihugu, kubw’ibi urubanza no RPA 01517/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2021 n’Urukiko Rukuru, rukaba ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeranye n’ibihano. Général, 2007 Economica, 14ed Paris, P.850 13 “Urukiko rurasanga imihanire y’umwana (minor), iy’umuntu mukuru umaze igihe gito avuye mu bwana (young adult) n’iy’umuntu wakuze urengeje imyaka 25 (adult) ikwiye gutandukana mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye kuri buri muntu, ariko hitawe none no kuburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka zacyo n’amahirwe y’uko uhanwe ashobora kugororwa (rehabilitation) agasubira mu muryango nyarwanda, kuko guhana kimwe umuntu ukiva mu bwana cyangwa umaze igihe gito abuvuyemo, agahanwa nk’umuntu wari usanzwe ukuze (adult), bitaba ari ugutanga ubutabera buboneye ndetse byaba binyuranye n’ihame ryo guha umwihariko buri wese ukurikiranweho icyaha igihe agiye guhanwa (indivudualisation of punishment).’” Urubanza RPAA 00486/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/01/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Maniriho Cyprien alias Buregeya (igika cya 21). ‘’Urukiko rushobora kugabanya igihano rushingiye ku ngano y’ibiyobyabwenge ushinjwa yatunze cyangwa yacuruje, mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha (Principe de la proportionnalité de la peine à l’infraction)’’ Urubanza Nº RPAA 00190/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 31/10/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habarugira Vincent (Igika cya 19 na 20) 14 Supreme Court of Canada, R. v. Ipeelee, 2012 SCC 13, [2012] 1 S.C.R. 433, date: 20120323, docket: 33650, 34245. Available online at https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/8000/index.do.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire rwashyikirijwe na Sibomana Ali gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [27] Rwemeje ko urubanza no RPA 01517/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2021 n’Urukiko Rukuru, ruhindutse ku byerekeranye n’ibihano SIBOMANA Ali yari yahanishijwe mbere; [28] Ruhanishije Sibomana Ali igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10 ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshenu (5,000,000Frw); [29] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.