UBUSHINJACYAHA v. SIBOMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. SIBOMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA01263/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. SIBOMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA01263/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 18 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano – Ntawasaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe mu Rukiko rubanza yagabanyirijwe bihagije, ndetse agahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma Sibomana na Mukantwali bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, kuko bafashwe bagiye kugurisha urumogi rungana na ¼ cy’ikilo n’utundi dupfunyika 7, maze bubasabira kuba bahamwa n’icyo cyaha bagahanishwa igifungo cya bururndu n’ihazabu ya 30.000.000Frw. Mukantwali wafunguwe by’agateganyo ntiyitabiriye urubanza aburanishwa adahari, mu gihe Sibomana yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko afitanye ikibazo n’umugabo umushinja icyaha kuko bapfa umugore witwa Mukantwali ari nawe wafatanwe urumogi, asaba kurenganurwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaburanishije Mukantwali adahari rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 23.500. 000Frw. Urukiko kandi rwemeje ko na Sibomana ahamwa n’icyo cyaha maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 28.500.000Frw. Sibomana yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko yemera icyaha ashinjwa, ndetse akagisabira imbabazi, asaba kuba yagabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe kuko atazabyongera, dore ko nta n’ikindi cyaha yari yarahaniwe, ngo n‘ubwo bwose mbere yahakanaga gucuruza urumogi, akemera ko arunywa ariko ubu yemera cyaha yahaniwe akaba atazongera kugikora. Ubushinjacyaha bwasobanuye ko kwemera icyaha mu rwego rw’ubujurire kwa Sibomana atari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano, busaba ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhama uko rwakijijwe, kuko igihano yahanishijwe ari igiteganywa n‘amategeko. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Sibomana ahamwa n’icyaha ashinjwa rumugabanyiriza ibihano, kuko bwari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha ku buryo buzwi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu. Iki cyemezo yakijuririye muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire nabwo asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe. Sibomana avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa yahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nta bimenyetso bikimushinja, asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha, agahanirwa icyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, ariko nyuma yaje kongera gusaba uru Rukiko ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemera icyaha ashinjwa cyo kuba icyitso cya Mukantwali (guhishira) wahamijwe gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Sibomana nta shingiro bufite kuko yahamijwe icyaha cyo kuba icyitso mu cyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, kandi ko atagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yarangije kubihabwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ntawasaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe mu Rukiko rubanza yagabanyirijwe bihagije, ndetse agahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 183. Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49 n’iya 84. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA0129/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR. RPAA00048/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Munyemana Eric alias Nyinya, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/07/2022. RPAA 00194/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel alias Shema, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/07/2022. RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 21/09/2021 Mukantwali Jeannette na Sibomana Sadiki bari mu Mudugudu wa Nyamugali, Akagari ka Kiyovu, Umurenge wa Ndego bafashwe bagiye kugurisha urumogi rungana na ¼ cy’ikilo n’utundi dupfunyika 7. Nyuma y’iperereza, ubushinjacyaha bwabaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, busaba ko bahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ ihazabu ya 30,000,000Frw. [2] Mukantwali Jeannette wari wemeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha, nyuma yo gufungurwa by’agateganyo ntiyongeye kwitabira urubanza rwe, bituma aburanishwa adahari, ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 23,500,000Frw. [3] Sibomana Sadiki yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko afitanye ikibazo n’umugabo umushinja icyaha kuko bapfa umugore witwa Mukantwali ari nawe wafatanwe urumogi, asaba kurenganurwa. Urukiko rwasanze ahamwa no kuba icyitso cya Mukantwali mu cyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 28,500,000Frw. [4] Sibomana Sadiki yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yemera icyaha aregwa ndetse akagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanirizwa igihano yahanishijwe kuko atazabyongera dore ko nta n’ikindi cyaha yari yarahaniwe. Asobanura ko n‘ubwo bwose mbere yahakanaga gucuruza urumogi, akemera ko arunywa ariko ubu abyemera ndetse akanabisabira imbabazi, avuga ko atazabyongera kuko yamaze kugororoka kandi akaba nta n’ubushobozi afite bwo kuba yarucuruza. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko kwemera icyaha mu rwego rw’ubujurire kwa Sibomana Sadiki atari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano, busaba ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhama uko rwakijijwe kuko igihano yahanishijwe ari igiteganywa n‘amategeko.

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[6] Mu rubanza RPA01545/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe kuwa 30/10/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze kuba Sibomana Sadiki yarahakanye icyaha ku rwego rwa mbere, akaba yiyemeje kucyemera mu bujurire asaba ko byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha nta shingiro bifite nk‘uko byemejwe n’umurongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire1. Rwasanze ariko igihano Sibomana Sadiki yahanishijwe gikabije kuremera ugereranyije n’uburemere bw’icyaha aregwa hagendewe ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA00194/2021/CA rwaciwe kuwa 22/07/2022, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel alias Shema, birebewe hamwe no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000Frw). [7] Sibomana Sadiki yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA01263/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 10/7/2025 yunganiwe na Me Musasangohe Illuminée naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Sibomana Sadiki mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire anenga urubanza rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nta bimemenyetso bikimushinja, asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha, agahanirwa icyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge; naho mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 10/7/2025 asaba ko yahanirwa icyaha cyo guhishira Mukantwali wacuruzaga ibiyobyabwenge, ko kandi yagabanyirizwa ibihano. [9] Me Musasangohe Illuminée aburana asaba ko uwo yunganira yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemera icyaha ashinjwa cyo kuba icyitso cya Mukantwali Jeannette (guhishira) wahamijwe gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. [10] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Sibomana Sadiki nta shingiro bufite kuko yahamijwe icyaha cyo kuba icyitso mu cyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge akaba ari nacyo kuri ubu yemera ko kandi yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije. [11] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma ubusabe bwa Sibomana Sadiki bwo kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhanisha Sibomana ibihano biremereye ku buryo yakwongera kugabanyirizwa [12] Sibomana Sadiki, mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire, yanenze ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nta bimemenyetso bikimushinja, asaba guhindurirwa inyito agahanirwa gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge. Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 10/7/2025 Sibomana yavuze ko, nyuma yo gusobanukirwa n’imiterere y’icyaha, kuri ubu yemera icyaha cyo kuba yarahishiriye Mukantwali wacuruzaga ibiyobyabwenge, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yamaze kumenya ububi bw’icyaha yakoze. Me Musasangohe Illuminée umwunganira yavuze ko Sibomana yagize intege nkeya zo kuba icyitso cy’umugore babanaga ku buryo butemewe n’amategeko, ko nta cyabuza Urukiko kumugabanyiriza ibihano hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga.

1Reba urubanza RPAA00048/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Munyemana Eric alias Nyinya.

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[13] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Sibomana Sadiki nta shingiro bwahabwa kuko ntacyo anenga urubanza yajuririye kandi akaba yaragabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije, ko ibyo asaba yarangije kubihabwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ubujurire bwa Sibomana Sadiki bugamije gusaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano ku buryo buhagije kuko kuri uru rwego avuga ko yasobanukiwe n’icyaha yahamijwe akaba agisabira imbabazi. [15] Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo ntakibuza umucamanza wajuririwe kugabanya igihano, iyo ari cyo ushinjwa yajuririye, Umucamanza wo mu bujurire agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, igihe amaze kugaragaza amakosa Umucamanza wo muri urwo Rukiko yaba yarakoze mu gutanga icyo gihano2. Ibivuzwe muri iki gika bisobanura ko, umucamanza wajuririwe adahindura igihano mu gihe asanga nta kosa ryakozwe mu buryo igihano cyagenwe n’Urukiko rubanza. [16] Icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Sibomana Sadiki yemera ko yabayemo icyitso, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda cyangwa gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [17] Ingingo ya 84 al. 2, 2º y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko icyitso gihanwa nk’uwakoze icyaha iyo umucamanza abona ko uruhare rw’icyitso mu gukora icyaha rungana cyangwa ruruta urw’uwakoze icyaha. [18] Ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; naho mu gace ka (d) ikavuga ko ihazabu ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’igihano cy’ihazabu ntoya yateganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [19] Nubwo Sibomana avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo kuba icyitso mu gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, Urukiko rukabirengaho rukamuhanisha ibihano biremereye, Urukiko rurasanga, iyi ngingo nta shingiro ifite kuko uyu mu ibazwa rye yahakanye icyaha nyamara dosiye igaragaza ko yafatiwe mu cyuho nyuma yo kuvugana n’abapolisi bari bigize abaguzi b’urumogi, ageze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye naho yakomeje guhakana icyaha avuga ko umugabo wamufashe basanzwe bafitanye amakimbirane yatumye amugerekaho icyaha atakoze, naho mu Rukiko Rukuru aburana yemera icyaha aregwa ndetse agisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanirizwa igihano yahanishijwe kuko atazabyongera kandi ko nta n’ikindi cyaha yigeze ahanirwa. Mu mwanzuro ujuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, Sibomana yasubiye guhakana icyaha ashinjwa, asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha agahanirwa gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge; naho mu miburanire avuga ko yemera guhishira Mukantwali mu cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ari byo bisobanura kuba icyitso. [20] Rurasanga ibivuzwe haruguru bigaragaza ko Sibomana Sadiki atigeze yemera icyaha ku buryo bwuzuye nyamara kandi yarafashwe azaniye urumogi abiyise abaguzi, akaba yari yamaze kwemeranywa nabo ku giciro no ku ngano y’ibiyobyabwenge azana, gusa akaba yari yabitwaje

2Reba igika cya 252 cy’urubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be.

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Mukantwali bari kumwe. Rurasanga uyu adashobora kunenga Urukiko ko rutashingiye ku miburanire ye yemera icyaha kuko, uretse no kuba yaremeye icyaha bwa mbere ku rwego rw’ubujurire, imyanzuro yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yerekana ko atigeze acyemera bimuvuye ku mutima kuko yagarutse ku mvugo ye ahakana ibyo yari yemeye mbere. [21] Urukiko rurasanga kandi, nubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwatesheje agaciro ingingo y’ubujurire bwa Sibomana Sadiki, nyamara kandi mu gika cya 8, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze igihano Sibomana Sadiki yahanishijwe cyagabanywa kikajyana n’uburemere bw’icyaha hagendewe ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA00194/2021/CA rwaciwe kuwa 22/07/2022, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel alias Shema; aho urwo Rukiko rwagaragaje ko no mu gihe urukiko rusanze impamvu z’ubujurire zidafite ishingiro, uregwa ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hitawe ku mahame ateganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. [22] Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze kuba ari ubwa mbere Sibomana Sadiki akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, ari impamvu ituma igihano yahanishijwe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’umunani n’ibihumbi magana atanu (28.500.000Frw) kigabanywa agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000Frw); runashingiye ku kuba yaraburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa mu rwego rwa mbere ndetse no ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000Frw). [23] Kuba icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye sibomana yahamijwe gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi ya 20.000.000Frw nyamara uyu akaba yaragabanyirijwe ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ya 6.000.000Frw, Urukiko rurasanga igabanyagihano asaba yararihawe ku buryo buhagije, akaba adashobora kugaragaza inenge iri mu rubanza rujuririrwa ikenewe gukosorwa nk’uko bisabwa mu ngingo ya 183 y’Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. [24] Kuba mu kugabanya ibihano Urukiko Rukuru rwarashyize mu gaciro ingingo yo kuba Sibomana Sadiki yaraburanye ahakana icyaha ku rwego rwa mbere akacyemera mu bujurire, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa rwakoze kuko isesengura rwakoze rihuje n’ukuri kw’imiburanire y’ushinjwa nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, bityo kuba rwaramugabanyirije ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 6.000.000 bikaba bifite impamvu ifatika kandi ibi bihano bikaba biri mu rugero rukwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze ndetse n’imiburanire yahisemo. [25] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, uregwa atakwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe3; ibivuzwe muri iki gika bikaba bireba na Sibomana Sadiki wagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rw’Urukiko Rukuru. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

3Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR.

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[26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Sibomana Sadiki nta shingiro bufite. [27] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA01545/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuwa 30/10/2024, igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [28] Rwemeje ko Sibomana Sadiki ahamishwa ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000Frw) kubwo kuba icyitso mu cyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kimuhama. [29] Rutegetse ko Sibomana Sadiki asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.