UBUSHINJACYAHA vs SIBORUREMA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs SIBORUREMA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA00195/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs SIBORUREMA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00195/2024/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.) 22 Mata 2025] Amategeko Mpanabyaha – Ibihano – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Kujya munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’Itegeko – Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Ubushinjacyaha burega Siborurema mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). Siborurema alias Kabeba yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe yari yarutumwe n’umusaza ageze mu nzira inkeragutabara ziramufata. Urukiko mu rubanza RP00349/2020/TGI/GIC, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya harimo niya Siborurema wemera ko yafatanywe urumogi, kandi ko yashakaga kurucuruza, runashingira ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yo ku wa 29/05/2020, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). Siborurema yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi yaburanye atemera icyaha , ariko ko mu bujurire yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha, anasaba ko igihano yahawe cyagabanywa kikanasubikwa. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kwemera icyaha kwa Siborurema mu bujurire ntacyo byamumarira kuko acyemeye impitagihe, buvuga kandi ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) hashingiwe ku Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza RPA00866/2020/HC/KIG, rwemeje ko ubusaba bwa Siborurema bwo kugabanyirizwa igihano bufite ishingiro, rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Siborurema yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhaye igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Siborurema zitahabwa ishingiro kuko yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije, busaba ko hagumaho igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Urukiko mu rubanza RPAA00195/2024/CA rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Siborurema nta shingiro bufite, ko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije kuko igihano yahawe kidashobora kugibwa munsi. Incamake y’icyemezo: Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’igifungo kuko aricyo giteganywa n’Itegeko ririho. Bityo, Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ngingo ya 2 Imanza zifashishijwe:

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urubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA, haburana rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023 Urubanza RPAA00530/2022/CA haburana Ubushinjaha na Kubwimana Jonathan, igika cya 22 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 12/1/2024 Urubanza RPAA00627/2022/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Phocas, igika cya 34. rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/02/2024, Urubanza RPAA01452/2024/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzabamwita Silas rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/02/2025 (igika cya 16). Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 28/05/2020, ubwo Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yari muri centre ya Kajevuba mu Mudugudu wa Nyarubuye, Akagari ka Kajevuba, Umurenge wa Ntarabana mu Karere ka Rulindo, yafatanwe udupfunyika dutandatu (6) tw’urumogi arimo kurucuruza. Ubushinjacyaha bwamukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). [2] Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe yari yarutumwe n’umusaza ageze mu nzira inkeragutabara ziramufata. Mu rubanza RP00349/2020/TGI/GIC Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwaciye ku wa 30/06/2020, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yemera ko yafatanywe urumogi, ndetse akemera ko yashakaga kurucuruza, rushingiye ku mvugo y’umutangabuhamya SGT Mutarambirwa Emmanuel wamufashe, uvuga ko yari asanzwe afite amakuru y’uko Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba acuruza urumogi muri centre ya Kajevuba, aramukurikirana, ubwa mbere aramubona arimo kurugurisha aramwihorera, ubwa kabiri amubonye atuma inkeragutabara yitwa Gasongo, iramufata imujyana kuri sitatiyo ya police ya Ntarabana baramusaka bamusangana udupfunyika dutandatu (6) yatuzingiye mu ishashi aduhisha mu kaguru k’ipantalo yari yambaye yatuzirikishije elasitike, runashingira ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yo ku wa 29/05/2020 Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yasinyeho yemera ko afatanywe udupfunyika dutandatu tw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). [3] Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi yaburanye atemera icyaha neza, ariko ko mu bujurire yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha, akaba ari n’ubwa mbere yari agikoze, asaba ko igihano yahawe cyagabanywa kikanasubikwa. [4] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuba mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yaraburanye ahakana icyaha akaba acyemeye mu bujurire, ntacyo byamumarira kuko acyemeye impitagihe, naho ku bijyanye n’uko yagabanyirizwa igihano busanga yagabanyirizwa kugeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) hashingiwe ku Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kuko ariryo riteganya ibihano bito. [5] Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RPA00866/2020/HC/KIG ku wa 28/02/2024, rusanga ubujurire bwa Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba busaba kugabanyirizwa igihano bufite ishingiro, rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera, akaba asaba imbabazi no kuba yarafatanywe ingano ntoya y’urumogi (udupfunyika 6), rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw).

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[6] Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwe ruhabwa RPAA00195/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 01/04/2025, Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yunganiwe na Me Ruberwa Ngarukiye Silas naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habimana Jean Cabin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu miburanire no mu mwanzuro y’ubujurire bwe wo ku wa 20/03/2024, Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhaye igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, ko kandi Urukiko Rukuru rwashyize umupaka mu kumuhana kandi hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Siborurema Jean Baptiste Alias Kabeba zitahabwa ishingiro kuko yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije, busaba ko hagumaho igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [9] Hashingiwe kuri izo mpaka, harasuzumwa niba Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba SIBORUREMA Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [10] Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba n’Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhaye igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko rwamugabanyiriza igihano rukakigeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko; ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashyize umupaka ku bihano rwamuhaye kandi hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, kandi nta cyabuza umucamanza kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano, mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kuko biri mu bwigenge bwe, nk’uko byemejwe mu manza zitandukanye harimo n’urubanza RPAA00530/2021/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Kanamugire Eric alias Timbiri rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 23/05/2023, ndetse n’urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/12/2019, haburana Kabasinga Florida na Leta y’u Rwanda, izo manza zikaba zigaragaza ko nta mupaka ukwiye kubaho mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [11] Basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzashingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza RPAA00251/2022/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 28/02/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntakirutimana Damien (igika cyarwo cya 20), n’urubanza RPAA00624/2022/CA narwo rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 22/02/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyibizi Anicet igika cya 17; ko muri izo manza zombi hasobanuwe ko iyo hari amategeko abiri ahana rimwe ryariho icyaha gikorwa irindi rigasohoka nyuma kandi urubanza rukiburanishwa, Itegeko rikoreshwa ari iryorohereza uregwa. [12] Bakomeza bavuga ko hari imirongo yatanzwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 (rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange) risohoka, ryateganyije mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 igihano umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi, ndetse n’iyatanzwe nyuma rimaze gusohoka, ko rero hakurikizwa umurongo watanzwe worohereza uregwa. Basoza basaba ko hashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00305/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/04/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyirandikubwayo Jeannette aregwa icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, akatirwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miriyoni eshanu (5,000,000Frw) aho kuba imyaka makumyabiri (20), akaba asaba rero ko Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba nawe yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5). [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 22 cy’urubanza RPA00934/2020/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, kandi ko ntacyo anenga urubanza yajuririye.

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[14] Akomeza avuga ko igihano Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yahawe kitanyuranyije n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 2, agace ka (b) y’Itegeko No 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange; ko hazanashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, wanakurikijwe mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nko mu rubanza RPAA00176/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Jacques, kuko ntacyo anenga urubanza rwajuririwe, igihano Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yahawe kikagumaho. [15] Busoza buvuga ko ibyo Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba n’Avoka umwunganizi basaba ko hashingirwa ku manza zaciwe itegeko rishya ritarajyaho zishingiye ku murongo wari mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019, uyu murongo utagikoreshwa kubera ko ushingiye ku Itegeko ritakiriho (Itegeko Ngenga No 02/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana), nk’uko byemejwe mu manza nyinshi zirimo n’urubanza RPAA00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul (mu gika cya 26), aho Urukiko rwagaragaje ko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho (cyangwa ryahinduwe). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[16] Impaka zishingiye ku gusuzuma niba bishoboka ko Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba wahanishijwe gufungwa cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) ku cyaha yahamijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa cyo gucuruza ikiyobyabwenge cy’urumogi, yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo yahabwa igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito Itegeko riteganyiriza icyo cyaha, niba kandi yagabanyirizwa hashingiwe ku mirongo yafashwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 14/12/2019, haburana Kabasinga Florida na Leta y’u Rwanda n’izindi manza zarushingiyeho zigaragaza ko nta mupaka ukwiye kubaho mu kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [17] Ibyerekeranye no kugabanya ibihano hashingiwe ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nyuma y’uko hasohotse Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ririhindura, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 22/12/2023 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse; muri urwo rubanza (gika cyarwo cya 18), Urukiko rwasanze ingingo ya 21 y’Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ari yo igomba gushingirwaho mu kugena aho rukwiriye kugeza rugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, aho gushingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/SC rwavuzwe haruguru n’urubanza RPAA00032/2019/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 28/02/2020, kimwe n’izindi manza zagendeye kuri uwo murongo, kuko izo manza zaciwe hakurikijwe ku byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iyo ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 rivuzwe haruguru, kubw’ibyo, Umurongo wari uriho ukaba udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe2.

1 Iyo ngingo igira iti: « Ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ihinduwe ku buryo bukurikira: Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15;….. ». 2 Reba n’izindi manza. Urugero : Urubanza RPAA 00530/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 12/1/2024 haburana Ubushinjaha na KUBWIMANA Jonathan, igika cya 22 ; Urubanza RPAA 00627/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/02/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSABIMANA Phocas, igika cya 34. Urubanza RPAA01452/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/02/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzabamwita Silas (igika cya 16).

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[18] Kubyerekeranye n’uru rubanza, dosiye igaragaza ko mu rubanza RPA00866/2020/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 28/02/2024 (igika cya 22), Urukiko Rukuru rwahanishije Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) rukivanye ku gifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yafatanwe ingano ntoya y’urumogi (udupfunyika 6), akaba ari nabwo bwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, hanarebwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, runashingira kandi ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange3, igihano Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yahawe kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. [19] Hashingwe ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru, watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse (igika cya 19), Uru Rukiko rurasanga igihano Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko ari cyo gihano gito giteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru, iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, bityo akaba nta nenge iri mu rubanza ajuririra kuko igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gihano gidashobora kugibwa munsi, kubw’ibyo kikaba kigumyeho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba nta shingiro bufite; [21] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA00866/2020/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 28/02/2024, rudahindutse ; igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba yahawe kigumyeho; [22] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Siborurema Jean Baptiste alias Kabeba afunze.

3 Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko Ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ihinduwe ku buryo bukurikira: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“; “(d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.”