SIKUBWABO vs. BANK OF AFRICA LTD N’UNDI

# SIKUBWABO vs. BANK OF AFRICA LTD N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-02-24 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA00024/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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SIKUBWABO vs. BANK OF AFRICA LTD N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA00024/2021/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.,) 24 Gashyantare 2023] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Cyamunara – Gutesha agaciro cyamunara – Ibihe byo gusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara – N’ubwo ibihe byo gusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yategetswe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru bitateganyijwe mu itegeko cyangwa mu mabwiriza, ubisaba ntiyabikora igihe cyose aboneye, ahubwo bisabwa nibura nyuma y’iminsi icumi urubanza rwatumye cyamunara ihagarikwa by’agateganyo rubaye ndakuka. Incamake y’ikibazo: Sikubwabo Raphaël avuga ko yatanze ingwate ebyiri kugirango ahabwe inguzanyo kubera ko mu masezerano impande zombi zumvikanye ko niba ingwate imwe itabashije kwishyura, hazagurishwa indi. Nyuma yaho, Sikubwabo avuga ko yamenyeshejwe ko cyamunara ku mutungo yakozwe, maze atanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi arega Banki of Africa na RDB, asaba kuyitesha agaciro no gusubizwa amafaranga yasagutse mu kugurisha imitungo ye. Banki of Africa na RDB batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego bavuga ko cyatanzwe impitagihe. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi narwo rwemeza ko kitakiriwe. Sikubwabo Raphaël yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko ikirego cye cyagombaga kwakirwa kuko iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) isabwa kugirango ikirego cyo gutesha agaciro cyamunara gitangwe itagombaga gushingirwaho kubera ko iyi minsi irebana na cyamunara zikorwa mu buryo busanzwe, itareba izikorwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’umwanditsi Mukuru cyo kugurisha ingwate. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rubisuzumye rusanga nta shingiro bifite, bityo ko ikirego kitaragombaga kwakirwa nk’uko byemejwe mu rwego rwa mbere. Sikubwabo yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ku mpamvu yuko Urukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi rwategetse ko ikirego cyagombaga kuba cyaratanzwe mu minsi 15 uhereye igihe urubanza ku ngwate ya mbere rwarangiriye, aho kuba igihe cyamunara yemerejwe n'Umwanditsi Mukuru, asaba kandi gusubizwa amafaranga yasagutse ku mitungo ye yagurishijwe. Uburanira Bank of Africa yiregura avuga ko ibihe byo kurega bitubahirijwe kuko cyamunara iregerwa yabaye kuwa 12/12/2017, Sikubwabo Raphaël agatanga ikirego kuwa 10/08/2020, Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cye kidafite ishingiro kuko yagitanze acyererewe, bityo ko nta yindi mpamvu imurengera ku bijyanye no kutubahiriza ibihe byo kurega kuko ariwe wiyambuye uburenganzira bubikomokaho. Uhagarariye Bank of Africa nawe yiregura avuga ko Sikubwabo yasubijwe amafaranga yasigaye igihe ingwate zagurishwaga kugirango umwenda wose yarafite wishyurwe kuko yatanze ingwate ebyiri kugirango niba imwe itabashije kurangiza kwishyura umwenda wose, hazagurishwe n'iyakabiri. Uburanira Bank of Africa ivuga ko kandi ko Sikubwabo azi neza ko cyamunara ya mbere yakorewe umutungo we itabashije kurangiza umwenda wose yari afitiye banki bituma hakorwa cyamunara ya

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kabiri kuko yari ayifitiye imyenda ibiri, akaba yaranatanze ingwate ebyiri, maze zimaze kugurishwa zose, amafaranga yasagutse arayasubizwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: N’ubwo ibihe byo gusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yategetswe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru bitateganyijwe mu itegeko cyangwa mu mabwiriza, ubisaba ntiyabikora igihe cyose aboneye, ahubwo bisabwa nibura nyuma y’iminsi icumi urubanza rwatumye cyamunara ihagarikwa by’agateganyo rubaye ndakuka. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite; Amagarama y’urubanza ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 260. Imanza zifashishijwe: RCOMAA 00067/2019/CA Urwego Opportunity Bank Ltd vs Gatera, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 31/01/2020; RS/INJUST/RCOM 00007/2021/SC,Sikubwabo Raphaël vs RDB, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 29/04/2022. Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi Sikubwabo Raphaël arega Bank of Africa Ltd na Rwanda Development Board (RDB) mu rubanza RCOM01281/2020/TC asaba urwo Rukiko gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI:1/02/13/03/115 no gusubizwa amafaranga yasagutse muri cyamunara y’ingwate ya mbere n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza, Murego Paulin waguze uwo mutungo arugobokamo ku bushake. [2] Muri urwo rubanza Banki of Africa na RDB batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego kuko cyatanzwe impitagihe, Urukiko rusanga ikirego cyari gikwiye gutangwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) uhereye kuwa 06/05/2020, igihe impamvu yatumye ibikorwa bijyanye na cyamunara y’uwo mutungo (UPI 1/02/13/03/115) bihagarara by’agateganyo yaviriyeho, rwemeza ko Sikubwabo watanze ikirego kuwa 10/08/2020, yagitanze impitagihe, bityo ko kitakiriwe. [3] Kubijyanye no gusubizwa amafaranga yasagutse muri cyamunara y’ingwate ya mbere, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze byaraburanwe mu rubanza RCOMA00443/2018/CHC/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 14/12/2018, bityo ko bidakwiye kongera gusuzumwa; rumutegeka kwishyura Bank of Africa PLC na RDB amafaranga y’igihembo cy’abavoka, indishyi zo gushorwa mu rubanza n’iz’ikurikiranarubanza. [4] Sikubwabo Raphaël yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko iminsi 15 iteganywa n’ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko N◦ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, itagombaga gushingirwaho kubera ko irebana na cyamunara zikorwa mu buryo busanzwe, itareba izikorwa

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hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’umwanditsi Mukuru cyo kugurisha ingwate, ko ikirego cye cyagombaga kwakirwa. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza RCOMA00597/2020/HCC kuwa 11/03/2021, rusanga ibyo Sikubwabo Raphaël avuga nta shingiro bifite kuko bigaragara ko mu rwego rwa mbere, ikirego cye gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mutungo ufite UPI:1/02/13/03/115 cyatanzwe ku wa 10/08/2020 mu gihe itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru ryakurikizwaga, narwo rusanga impamvu yari yatumye ibikorwa bijyanye na cyamunara bihagarara by’agateganyo yaravuyeho ku wa 06/05/2020, bityo ko ikirego cye cyo gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye kuri uwo mutungo, yagitanze impitagihe kikaba kitaragombaga kwakirwa nk’uko byemejwe mu rwego rwa mbere. [5] Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga yaregeye yasagutse ku ngwate ya mbere, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze Sikubwabo Raphaël atarashoboye kuvuguruza ibyashingiweho mu rwego rwa mbere, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye idahindutse, rumutegeka kwishyura Bank of Africa indishyi z’igihembo cya Avoka mu bujurire. [6] Sikubwabo yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi rwashimangiye ko ikirego cye gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara cyagombaga gutangwa mu minsi 15 uhereye igihe urubanza kuri cyamunara ya mbere rwarangiriye, nyamara muri iyo minsi yaratanze ikirego cyo guhagarika burundu cyamunara mu rubanza RCOMA00793/2017/CHC/HCC agasubizwa ko yakerewe, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gusuzuma niba ibyakozwe (les faits) hamwe n’amategeko byerekana ko ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/13/03/115 cyatanzwe gikererewe no gusuzuma niba atari akwiye gusubizwa amafaranga yasagutse ku ngwate ya mbere (UPI: 1/02/09/01/844) ndetse agahabwa n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’umwavoka. [7] Mu mwanzuro wabo usubiza uwatanzwe na Sikubwabo Raphaël, Bank of Africa na Murego Paulin bavuga ko nk’uko babigaragaje ku rwego rwa mbere no mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ikirego cya Sikubwabo kitagombaga kwakirwa kuko ibihe byo kurega bitubahirijwe. Basaba kwishyurwa amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’abavoka. [8] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhamwe ku wa 10/02/2023, Sikubwabo Raphaël yunganiwe na Me Uwizeyimana Venuste, Bank of Africa LTD ihagarariwe na Me Kayiranga Cyrille, Murego Paulin ahagarariwe na Me Munderere Leopold, naho Rwanda Development Board (RDB) ititabye, Urukiko rwemeza ko urubanza ruburanishwa idahari kubera ko ihujwe n’urubanza kuri “systeme ya IECMS”, ikaba yari izi itariki y’urubanza ariko ntiyitabe nta mpamvu yagaragaje. [9] Urukiko rw’Ubujurira rurasuzuma ibikurikira : a. Kumenya niba hari ikosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu kwemeza ko Sikubwabo Raphaël yarengeje ibihe biteganywa n’amategeko byo kuregera gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye ku mutungo ufite UP:I 1/02/13/03/115; b. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwari kwakira ibyerekeranye no gusubiza Sikubwabo Raphaël amafaranga yasagutse muri cyamunara y’ingwate ya mbere ; c.Gusuzuma indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’abavoka zisabwa n’ababuranyi. II. ISESENGURA RY’URUBANZA

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a) Kumenya niba hari amakosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu kwemeza ko Sikubwabo Raphaël yarengeje ibihe biteganywa n’amategeko byo kuregera gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye ku mutungo no UPI 1/02/13/03/115; [10] Sikubwabo Raphaël avuga ko akimara kumenyeshwa ko cyamunara ku mutungo No UPI: 1/02/13/03/115 yemejwe, yatanze ikirego gisaba kuyitesha agaciro, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza RCOMA00597/2020/HCC rujuririrwa ruvuga ko icyo kirego cyagombaga kuba cyaratanzwe mu minsi 15 yatanzeho ikirego gisaba guhagarika iyo cyamunara; akaba asanga ibyo ari ukwivuguruza k'urukiko rumwe kugamije guha agaciro ibikorwa ubwarwo rwagaragaje ko binyuranyije n'itegeko (validation judiciaire d'un acte irregulier). [11] Sikubwabo Raphaël akomeza avuga ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi rwategetse ko ikirego cyagombaga kuba cyaratanzwe mu minsi 15 uhereye igihe urubanza ku ngwate ya mbere rwarangiriye, aho kuba igihe cyamunara yemerejwe n'Umwanditsi Mukuru, bivuga ko n'icyemezo cy'Umwanditsi Mukuru ubwacyo nta gaciro gifite kuko cyafashwe nyuma y'iminsi 7 iteganywa n'ingingo ya 16 y'amabwiriza y'Umwanditsi Mukuru N° 03/2010/ORG yo kuwa 16/11/2010 agenga ibyerekeye gukodesha, kugurisha muri cyamunara ndetse no kwegukana ingwate. [12] Akomeza avuga kandi ko mu kwemeza igihe cyo gutangiriraho kubara iminsi 15 iteganywa n'itegeko, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku murongo mugari watanzwe n'Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RCOMAA00067/2019/CA kandi uwo murongo utahindura ibyemejwe n'inkiko mbere y'uko ujyaho (effet retroactif), kandi ko utatesha agaciro icyemezo mbanzizirizarubanza (Jugement avant- dire droit) cyafashwe mu rubanza RCOMA00793/2017/CHC/HCC, rwemeje ko cyamunara ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/13/03/115 itafatwa nk'iyarangiye igihe cyose itaremezwa n'Umwanditsi Mukuru; bityo ko nta wavuga ko cyamunara yabaye kandi itaremezwa, kuko mu gihe cyose Umwanditsi Mukuru yari atarasubiza, yari ikiri mu gateganyo kandi ko nta bihe amabwiriza yariho icyo gihe yateganyaga cyo gusaba gusesa cyamunara, ari nayo mpamvu urubanza ku ngwate ya mbere (UPI:1/02/09/01/844) rukirangira, yatanze ikirego gisaba guhagarika cyamanura ku ngwate ya kabiri ifite (UPI: 1/02/13/03/115), aho gutanga igisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara kuko atari azi ko Umwanditsi Mukuru azatinyuka gusuzugura icyemezo cy'urukiko kitajuririwe. [13] Sikubwabo Raphaël akomeza avuga ko kuva kuri 06/05/2020, hagombaga gukomeza ibikorwa byo kwemeza cyamunara cyangwa kutayemeza, cyamunara ya mbere ikaba ari yo yari imaze kwemezwa, akaba yari ategereje ko Umwanditsi Mukuru yemeza cyamunara ya kabiri, ayemeza ku wa 28/07/2020, maze atanga ikirego gisaba gitesha agaciro cyamunara ku wa 10/08/2020. [14] Me Uwizeyimana Venuste wunganira Sikubwabo Raphaël avuga ko Urukiko rw'lkirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00007/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2022, rwasesenguye ingingo ya 260 CPCCSA, ruvuga ko iminsi 15 ivugwa muri iyo ngingo inkiko zibanza zashingiyeho (zemeza ko Sikubwabo Raphaël yatanze ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mutungo UPI:1/02/13/03/115 impitagihe), ireba gusa ibijyanye no guhagarika no gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mitungo itezwa cyamunara bitanyuze ku Mwanditsi Mukuru. [15] Me Kayiranga Cyrille uburanira Bank of Africa avuga ko ibihe byo kurega bitubahirijwe kuko cyamunara iregerwa yabaye kuwa 12/12/2017, Sikubwabo Raphaël agatanga ikirego kuwa 10/08/2020, ko atakomeza kwitwaza ko hari urubanza RCOMA00793/2017/CHC/HCC rwari rwarahagaritse cyamunara, kuko kuwa 06/02/2019 yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru amusaba gusesa iyi

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cyamunara uwaguze agasubizwa amafaranga ye, Umwanditsi Mukuru akamusubiza kuwa 12/02/2019 amuhakanira ko atayisesa, anamusobanurira ko icyemezo cyose kizafatwa hashingiwe ku rubanza rutegerejwe arirwo RCOM01971/2017/TC, uru rubanza rukaba rwarangiye, Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cye kidafite ishingiro, bityo rero ko nta yindi mpamvu imurengera ku bijyanye no kutubahiriza ibihe byo kurega kuko ariwe wiyambuye uburenganzira bubikomokaho. [16] Murego Paulin avuga ko Sikubwabo Raphaël ashingira ku rubanza RCOMA00793/2017/CHC/HCC akavuga ko rwakemuye ikibazo cye yirengagiza ko urwo rubanza rwategetse ko hategerezwa ibizava mu rubanza RCOM01971/2017/TC/NYGE, uru rukaba rwaremeje ko ikirego cye kidafite ishingiro, kandi ko nta mpamvu yatuma cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. Akomeza avuga ko icyo Sikubwabo Raphaël agamije atari ubutabera ahubwo ari ukumubuza amahoro kuko kuva 2017 kugeza ubu atarabona icyo yaguze muri cyamunara, ko kuba atararegeye gusesa iyo cyamunara mu gihe giteganyijwe n’amategeko kandi yari abyemerewe, ubu atari bwo yaza kuvuga ko yavukijwe uburenganzira n’inkiko kandi zarakurikije amategeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Hakurikijwe imiburanire y’impande zombi, muri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire harasuzumwa niba hari ikosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze rwemeza ko Sikubwabo Raphaël yarengeje ibihe biteganywa n’amategeko byo kuregera gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye ku wa 12/12/2017, ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/13/03/115, rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko atubahirije iminsi 15 ivugwa mu ngingo ya 260 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. [18] Nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, Sikubwabo Raphaël yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 10/08/2020,1 asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/13/03/115,2 yabaye kuwa 12/12/2017, nticyakirwa ku mpamvu y’uko yagombaga kugitanga mu iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) uhereye kuwa 06/05/2020, ubwo inkomyi yari yatumye ibikorwa bijyanye na cyamunara kuri uwo mutungo

bihagarara

by’agateganyo

yavagaho

(nyuma

y’icibwa

ry’urubanza RCOMAA00039/2019/CA3 mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire), ajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi narwo rusanga ikirego cye kitaragombaga kwakirwa mu rwego rwa mbere kuko yagombaga gusaba Umwanditsi Mukuru gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye ku mutungo n◦ UPI:1/02/13/03/115, ahereye igihe inkomyi yaviriyeho ku wa 06/05/2020, aho kugitanga ahereye igihe Umwanditsi Mukuru yemereje raporo ya cyamunara kuwa 28/07/2020; ko kuba yaratanze ikirego mu mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi nyuma y’amezi 3 uhereye ku wa 06/05/2020, bigaragara ko atubahirije igihe cy’iminsi 15 ivugwa mu ngingo ya 260 y’itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru, mu gika cya Kane.4 1 IECMS case no. RCOM 01281/2020/TC submitted on 10/08/2020. 2 Inyandikomvugo ya cyamunara yo kuwa 12/12/2017 ku mutungo wa Sikubwabo Raphael na Uwimbabazi Jeanne. 3 Urubanza RCOM 01281/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 04/09/2019, igika cya 15 kugeza 17. 4 Urubanza RCOMA 00597/2020/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 11/03/2021,igika cya 20.

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[19] Ku bijyanye n’ibihe by’iminsi 15 yo kuregera urukiko hagamijwe gusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakorewe ku mutungo utimukanwa, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi rwaciwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00007/2021/SC ku wa 29/04/2022, haburana Sikubwabo Raphaël na RDB n’Abandi (igika cya 27), rwasanze ibihe bigomba gushingirwaho mu gusuzuma niba ikirego cyaratanzwe impitagihe, ari ibivugwa mu gika cya 6 cy’ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru, bityo ko ibyo bihe bitandukanye n’ibihe by’iminsi 15 byashingiweho n’Inkiko zabanje bivugwa mu gika cya 4 cy’iyo ngingo, bijyanye no gusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mitungo igurishwa hadashingiwe ku cyemezo cyatanzwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru.5 [20] Ingingo ya 260 (imaze kuvugwa) igika cya 6 iteganya ko “Guhagarika no gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mitungo igurishwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate cyatanzwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru, bisabwa Umwanditsi Mukuru. Umwanditsi Mukuru atanga igisubizo mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi. Iyo hari utishimiye igisubizo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyangwa udahawe igisubizo mu gihe giteganywa muri iki gika, abitangira ikirego mu rukiko rw’ubucuruzi hakurikijwe ibivugwa muri iyi ngingo mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itanu (5) y’akazi uhereye igihe yamenyeye icyo gisubizo.” [21] Nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ingingo imaze kuvugwa mu gika cya 6, ntigaragaza igihe usaba Umwanditsi Mukuru gutesha agaciro cyamunara abisabira. iki kibazo nubwo ubu cyakemuwe n’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate nk’uko yahinduwe kugeza ubu mu ngingo yayo ya 39;6 igihe cyamunara isabirwa guseswa ku mutungo ufite UPI:1/02/13/03/115 yabaga ku wa 12/12/2017, ibijyanye n’igihe usaba ko iteshwa agaciro abisabira Umwanditsi Mukuru amabwiriza yariho nayo ntiyabisobanuraga. 5 Urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00007/2021/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga ku wa 29/04/2022, haburana Sikubwabo Raphael na RDB n’Abandi, igika cya 27. “Ibivugwa muri iki gika cya 6 cy’ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, bireba by’umwihariko ibirego bisaba guhagarika cyangwa gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mitungo igurishwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate cyatanzwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru; ibihe bivugwamo bikaba bitandukanye n’ibihe by’iminsi 15 byashingiweho n’Inkiko zabanje bivugwa mu gika cya 4 cy’ingingo ya 260 yavuzwe haruguru, byo bikaba bijyanye no gusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mitungo igurishwa hadashingiwe ku cyemezo cyatanzwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru” 6 “Ubifitemo inyungu ufite icyo anenga cyamunara cyangwa imigendekere yayo, ashobora, mu minsi itanu (5) uhereye ku munsi yakiriyeho raporo ya cyamunara.”

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[22] Ikibazo kijyanye n’igihe umuntu utishimiye cyamurara ashobora kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru amusaba kuyitesha cyamunara, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagisuzumye kandi rugitangaho umurongo mu rubanza RCOMAA00067/2019/CA rwaciwe kuwa 31/01/2020, haburana Urwego Opportunity Bank Ltd, Gatera Venuste n’abandi. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasanze kuba igihe kitarateganyijwe mu itegeko bitavuze ko utishimiye ibyavuye mu cyamunara yakwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru igihe cyose aboneye, ko yagombye kubikora mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 10 cyamunara ibaye (ni ukuvuga iminsi 7 iteganywa n’ingingo ya 17 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru nº 03/2010/Org yo ku wa 16/11/2010 yagengaga ibyerekeye gukodesha, kugurisha muri cyamunara ndetse no kwegukana ingwate, ikurikira iminsi 3 ivugwa mu ngingo yayo ya 15, Ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate atangamo raporo ya cyamunara), kuko kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru nyuma yaramaze kwemeza raporo ya cyamunara ntacyo aba agishobora kuyikoraho.7 [23] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Sikubwabo Raphaël yaragombaga gusaba Umwanditsi Mukuru gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye kuwa 12/12/2017 ku mutungo ufite No UPI: 1/02/13/03/115, nibura nyuma y’iminsi icumi (10), impamvu yari yahagaritse iyo cyamunara by’agateganyo ivuyeho, ni ukuvuga iminsi icumi (10) nyuma y’uko urubanza rwari rwatumye cyamunara kuri uwo mutungo ihagarikwa by’agateganyo rubaye ndakuka kuwa 06/05/2020 (ubwo hacibwaga urubanza RCOMAA00039/2019/CA mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire), bisobanuye ko yagombaga gusaba Umwanditsi Mukuru gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/13/03/115 bitarenze kuwa 20/05/2020.8 Ubwo buryo bwo kubara ibihe nibwo kandi bwemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi RS/INJUST/RCOM 00007/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2022.9 [24] Urukiko rurasanga nyuma y’itariki imaze kuvugwa, Sikubwabo Raphaël iyo aza kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru amusaba gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara, yari kuba afite igihe cy’iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi cyo gutegereza igisubizo, icyo gihe kikaba cyararangiye ku wa 7 Urubanza RCOMAA 00067/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 31/01/2020 haburana Urwego Opportunity Bank Ltd na GATERA Venuste n’abandi, igika cya 27. 8 Iminsi 10 kuva kuwa 06/05/2020 kugeza kuwa 20/05/2020 hatabariwemo iminsi y’impera y’icyumweru (weekend) yo kuwa 9,10,16&17 z’ukwezi kwa Gicurasi 2020. Kubara ibi bihe muri ubwo buryo bikaba biteganywa n’ingingo ya 276 y’Itegeko No.22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. 9 “Nyuma y’uko urubanza No RCOM 01971/2017/TC/NYGE rwari rwatumye cyamunara kuri UPI: 1/02/13/03/115 ihagarikwa by’agateganyo rubaye ndakuka, Sikubwabo Raphaël yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru ku wa 08/05/2020 amusaba guhagarika burundu cyamunara yari yarahagaritswe by’agateganyo. Hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu gika cya 6 cy’ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, Sikubwabo Raphaël yari afite igihe cy’iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi cyo gutegereza igisubizo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru, icyo gihe kikaba cyararangiye ku wa 13/05/2020. Mu gihe nta gisubizo yahawe, yari afite iminsi itanu (5) y’akazi yo gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, itangira kubarwa guhera ku wa 14/05/2020, bivuze ko umunsi wa nyuma yari afite wo gutanga ikirego wari ku wa 20/05/2020, ari nabwo yagitanze.” Urubanza rubanza rubanziriza urundi no.RS/INJUST/RCOM

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25/05/2020, nyuma yacyo akaba yari kuba afite iminsi itanu (5) y’akazi yo gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi nk’uko biteganywa mu gika cya 6, cy’ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, bivuze ko umunsi wa nyuma Sikubwabo Raphaël yari afite wo kuregera Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi wari ku wa 1/06/2020, nyamara ikirego cye ku rwego rwa mbere yagitanze kuwa 10/08/2020, bikaba bigaragara ko yagitanze impitagihe; bivuze ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi nta kosa rwakoze kwemeza ko ikirego cya Sikubwabo Raphaël gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye ku wa 12/12/2020 ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/13/03/115 kitagombaga kwakirwa, bityo ubujurire bwe kuri iyi ngingo bukaba nta shingiro bufite. a) Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaragombaga kwakira ibyerekeranye no gusubiza Sikubwabo Raphaël amafaranga yasagutse muri cyamunara y’ingwate ya mbere [25] Sikubwabo Raphaël avuga ko mu gika cya 22 cy'urubanza rujuririrwa, umucamanza yemeje ko umwenda yishyuzwaga hakorwa cyamunara ari 39,514,482Frw abishingiye ku rubanza RCOMA00443/2018/CHC/HCC kandi rutarigeze rugaragaza ingano y'umwenda, kuko umwenda wagarajwe mu rubanza RCOM00577/2019/TC rwabaye itegeko rutigeze rujuririrwa rwemeje ko yarimo umwenda ungana na 26,000,000Frw, bityo ko nta cyabuza ko asubizwa amafaranga yasagutse kuri cyamunara ku ngwate ya mbere ndetse n'inyungu zayo. [26] Me Uwizeyimana Venuste wunganira Sikubwabo Raphaël avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ku birebana n'umwenda wa 39,000,000Frw, ariko ntirwabifataho icyemezo, ari yo mpamvu banenga ko iyo ngano y'umwenda Urukiko rwavuze utandukanye n'uwemejwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubucuruzi mu rubanza RCOM00577/2019/TC rwaciwe kuwa 20/06/2019 haburana Sikubwabo Raphaël na Bank of Africa, bityo hamwe n’uwo yunganira bagasaba ko ibyavuzwe n'Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuri iyi ngingo bikosorwa hagafatwa icyemezo hashingiwe ku mafaranga y’umwenda yagaragajwe mu rubanza RCOM00577/2019/TC, amafaranga yasagutse ku ngwate y’uwo mwenda muri cyamunara y’ingwate ya mbere, agasubizwa Sikubwabo Raphaël hamwe n’inyungu zayo. [27] Bank of Africa ivuga ko Sikubwabo azi neza ko ingwate ya mbere itabashije kurangiza kwishyura umwenda wose yari abereyemo Bank of Africa kandi ko yari afite imyenda ibiri yishingiye, ari nayo mpamvu yatanze ingwate ebyiri zitandukanye kugira ngo Bank nibura ubwishyu ku mwenda wayo izafate n'ingwate ya kabiri, kandi ko ari ko byagenze, amafaranga yasagutse hamaze kugurishwa ingwate ya kabiri Sikubwabo yayasubijwe. [28] Murego Paulin, avuga ko Sikubwabo yigiza nkana kuko azi neza ko hari undi mwenda yari yarishingiye wasigaye utishyuwe na cyamunara ya mbere, ari yo mpamvu hanabayeho iya kabiri. UKO RUKIKO RUBIBONA [29] Kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire, Sikubwabo Raphaël aburana ibyerekeranye no gusubizwa amafaranga yasagutse ku ngwate ya mbere ku mutungo UPI:1/02/09/01/844 muri cyamunara yabaye ku itariki 09/06/2017, inkiko za mbere yaba ari Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi zose zemeje ko icyo kirego cyo gusubizwa ayo mafaranga kitakiriwe

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kubera ko cyaburanywe mu rubanza RCOMA00443/2018/CHC/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 14/12/2018; ariko Sikubwabo hamwe na Me Uwizeyimana Venuste umwunganira bakaba bavuga ko “urwo rubanza rutigeze rugaragaza ingano y'umwenda, ahubwo uwo mwenda waragarajwe mu rubanza RCOM 00577/2019/TC rwabaye itegeko rukagaragaza ko umwenda yari abereyemo Bank of Africa ungana na 26,000,000Frw ”, bityo ko aho mu rubanza rujuririrwa umucamanza yavuze ko umwenda wari 39,514,482Frw, byakosorwa Sikubwabo agasubizwa amafaranga yasagutse ku ngwate y’uwo mwenda muri cyamunara y’ingwate ya mbere agasubizwa Sikubwabo Raphaël hamwe n’inyungu zayo. [30] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyerekeranye n’amafaranga yasagutse ku ngwate (UPI :1/02/09/01/844) ya mbere yagurishijwe mu cyamunara, ntaho bihuriye n’ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mutungo ufite UPI:1/02/13/03/115 kuko ayo mafaranga adafitanye isano n’iyo cyamunara iregerwa, bikaba bitaragombaga kwakirwa ngo binasuzumirwe hamwe. Ikindi kandi, Sikubwabo Raphaël na Avoka umwunganira bemereye imbere y’uru Rukiko ko ibijyanye n’ayo mafaranga byaburanywe mu rundi rubanza (RCOMA00443/2018/CHC/HCC), kuba hari ibyo urwo rubanza rutasubije byerekeranye n’ingano y’umwenda, bikaba bitagombaga kuzanwa mu kirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamurana yakorewe ku wundi mutungo wavuzwe haruguru. [31] Rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutaragombaga gusuzuma iyo ngingo y’ubujurire ku mpamvu y’uko ntaho ihuriye n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 260 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ibyerekeranye no kuregera guhagarika no gutesha agaciro cyamunara, yashingiyeho hatangwa ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mutungo No UPI:1/02/13/03/115, bityo akaba ari nta n’ikigomba gukosorwa dore ko narwo rwanzuye ko icyo kirego kitagombaga kwakirwa, bivuze ko isesengura ryakozwe nta gaciro rifite kuko icyo kirego kitagombaga kwakirwa, bityo iyi ngingo y’ubujurire ku mafaranga yasagutse muri cyamunara ya mbere, ikaba nta shingiro ifite. b) Kumenya niba hari amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yatangwa muri uru rubanza [32] Sikubwabo Raphaël asaba Urukiko gutegeka Bank of Africa na Murego Paulin kumwishyura hamwe n’indishyi n'amafaranga y'imanza nk'uko zari zasabwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kuko aribo ba nyirabayazana. [33] Bank of Africa ivuga ko indishyi zisabwa na Sikubwabo Raphaël nta shingiro ryazo kuko ari we ukomeje gushoza imanza z'urudaca ndetse akanazitsindwa, bityo ko atabiryoza Bank kuko nta ruhare na ruto ibifitemo. Isaba ahubwo Urukiko gutegeka Sikubwabo Raphaël kwishyura Bank of Africa 1,500,000Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka na 500,000Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza kubera kuyishora mu rubanza. [34] Murego Paulin nawe avuga ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza no guhemba Avoka Sikubwabo asaba nta shingiro afite mu gihe ari we washoye ababuranyi mu manza, asaba Urukiko gutegeka Sikubwabo Raphaël kumwishyura 3,000,000Frw yo y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [35] Sikubwabo Raphaël ntacyo yavuze kuri izo ndishyi asabwa.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [36] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza, igika cya mbere ivuga iti “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza.” [37] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Sikubwabo Raphaël asaba atayahabwa kuko atsindwa n’urubanza. Rurasanga ahubwo yarashoye Bank of Africa na Murego Paulin mu rubanza, akaba agomba kwishyura buri wese amafaranga yarutakajeho. Rusanze ariko 1,500,000Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka na 500,000Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza Bank of Africa isaba itayahabwa yose kuko ari menshi kandi nta bimenyetso iyatangiye, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, Sikubwabo Raphaël akaba agomba kuyishyura 500,000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, na 200,000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [38] Rusanze kandi Sikubwabo Raphaël agomba kwishyura Murego Paulin 700,000Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko kuko 3,000,000Frw yaka nta bimenyetso ayagaragariza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [39] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Sikubwabo Raphaël budafite ishingiro ; [40] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOMA00597/2020/HCC rwaciwe Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 11/03/2021 idahindutse. [41] Rutegetse Sikubwabo Raphaël kwishyura Bank of Africa PLC 500,000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200,000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [42] Rutegetse Sikubwabo Raphaël kwishyura Murego Paulin 500,000Frw y’igihembo cya Awavoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [43] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama y’urubanza Sikubwabo Raphaël yatanze ajurira ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.