UBUSHINJACYAHA v SIMBANDUMWE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v SIMBANDUMWE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-23 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00371/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v SIMBANDUMWE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00371/2023/CA (Gakwaya, P.J) 23 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Uwajuriye afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ukwibeshya kwakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza gushingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi cyangwa kwatuma ruta agaciro. Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha – Iperereza – Ubuhamya – Urukiko ntirutegetswe gukora iperereza cyangwa se kubaza abatangabuhamya buri uko umuburanyi abisabye, rusuzuma ahubwo mu bushishozi bwarwo niba ibyo bashaka gusobanura mu buhamya bwabo bifite ireme kandi bishobora kwemerwa, rukumva gusa abatangabuhamya bazavuga ibijyane n’ikiburanwa kandi byizewe, bivuze rero ko ari ishingano y’uregwa yo kugaragaza ko ubwo buhamya asaba ko Urukiko rwumva bufite akamaro n’inyungu kugira ngo ukuri kugaragare. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Simbandumwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi nyuma yuko afatiwe mu cyuho n’inzego zishinzwe Umutekano, ari munsi y’isoko ry’Inkambi ya Mahama, mu Karere ka Kirehe, Intara y’Iburasirazuba, afite udupfunyika ijana na cumi n’icyenda (119) tw’urumogi arimo kurucuruza. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha. Rwasobanuye kandi ko kuba ari isubiracyaha kuko yafashwe amaze ibyumweru bibiri arangije igihano ku cyaha cyo kunywa urumogi, ari impamvu nkomeza cyaha, igomba gutuma atagabanyirizwa ibihano, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw). Simbandumwe yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko yarenganyijwe kuko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, asobanura ko yafatiwe munsi y’isoko ry’Inkambi ya Mahama afite udupfunyika twarimo ubusa yarari kwifashisha asobanurira abantu ububi bw’urumogi, ko rero akwiye kugirwa umwere kuko utwo dupfunyika nta rumogi rwarimo kugira ngo byitwe ko yarimo kurugurisha. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa gusa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, nuko rushingiye ku manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rusobanura ko kuba udupfunyika yafatanywe atari twinshi cyane no kuba n’ubwo yakoze isubiracyaha, nta cyabuza ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000 Frw). Yarongeye arajurira noneho mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kurenganurwa kuko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, asobanura ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi nta bimenyetso bigaragarira buri wese rwashingiyeho byemeza ko yagikoze; ndetse anenga urwo Rukiko kuba rwarirengagije gukora iperereza ryimbitse mu Buyobozi bw’izengo z’ibanze n’iza club ishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge mu nkambi. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe nta shingiro bufite kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwagaragaje mu buryo buhagije ibimenyetso rwashingiweho

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rumuhamya icyaha aregwa, ku buryo nta mpamvu yari gutuma hakorwa iperereza avuga ko yarusabye. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Uwajuriye afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ukwibeshya kwakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza gushingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi cyangwa kwatuma ruta agaciro. 2. Urukiko ntirutegetswe gukora iperereza cyangwa se kubaza abatangabuhamya buri uko umuburanyi abisabye, rusuzuma ahubwo mu bushishozi bwarwo niba ibyo bashaka gusobanura mu buhamya bwabo bifite ireme kandi bishobora kwemerwa, rukumva gusa abatangabuhamya bazavuga ibijyane n’ikiburanwa kandi byizewe, bivuze rero ko ari ishingano y’uregwa yo kugaragaza ko ubwo buhamya asaba ko Urukiko rwumva bufite akamaro n’inyungu kugira ngo ukuri kugaragare. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 010/09/CS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 9/3/2012. RPA/GEN 00001/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/2/2025. RPAA/Gen. 00002/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/7/2023. RPAA 00616/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/11/2022. Affaire N° ICTR-01-73-A, Procureur contre Zigiranyirazo Protais, Para. 12. Affaire N° ICTR-01-74-A, Procureur contre François Karera, Para. 11. Inyandiko z’abahanga: Michel Franchimont, Ann Jacobs et Adrien Masset, Manuel de procédure pénale, 2e édition, Larcier, Bruxelles, 2006. Henri-D. Bosly et Damien Vandermeersch, Droit de procédure pénale, 2e édition, La Charte, Bruges,2001.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 28/4/2020 mu gihe cya saa moya (7h00), Simbandumwe Etienne yafatiwe mu cyuho, ari munsi y’isoko ry’Inkambi ya Mahama, iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kagera, Akagali ka Munini, Umurenge wa Mahama, Akarere ka Kirehe, Intara y’Iburasirazuba, afite udupfunyika ijana na cumi n’icyenda (119) tw’urumogi ari kurucuruza, afatwa n’inzego zishinzwe Umutekano, kubw’amakuru zahawe n’umuturage witwa Nihorimbere Said ko ari gucuruza urumogi. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Simbandumwe Etienne mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa

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igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [3] Simbandumwe Etienne yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, avuga ko yafatiwe iruhande rw’isoko ry’Inkambi ya Mahama ari gusobanurira abantu ububi bw’urumogi kugira ngo barwirinde, haza abashinzwe umutekano, bavuga ko ari kwamamaza ibiyobyabwenge kandi ataribyo. [4] Mu rubanza no RP 00410/2020/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 4/6/2020, rushingiye ku kuba Simbandumwe Etienne yarafatiwe mu cyuho ari gucuruza urumogi, kuba mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yaremeye icyaha, rwasobanuye ko ibi bihagije kugira ngo ahamwe n’icyaha cyo kubika no kugurisha urumogi, rwemeza rero ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha. Rwasobanuye kandi ko kuba ari isubiracyaha kuko yafashwe amaze ibyumweru bibiri arangije igihano ku cyaha cyo kunywa urumogi, ari impamvu nkomeza cyaha, igomba gutuma atagabanyirizwa ibihano, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw). [5] Simbandumwe Etienne yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko yarenganyijwe kuko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, asobanura ko yafatiwe munsi y’isoko ry’Inkambi ya Mahama afite udupfunyika twarimo ubusa yarari kwifashisha asobanurira abantu ububi bw’urumogi, ko rero akwiye kugirwa umwere kuko utwo dupfunyika nta rumogi rwarimo kugira ngo byitwe ko yarimo kurugurisha. [6] Mu rubanza no RPA 00357/2020/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 28/8/2023, rushingiye ku kuba mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha Simbandumwe Etienne yaremeye ko yafatanwe urumogi, ko kandi yari amaze kugurisha urw’amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu (5.000 Frw), ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya Bushitse Désiré na Nihorimbere Saїdi zishimangira ibyo yemeye ku rwego rw’iperereza, kuri raporo y’Ubuyobozi bw’Inkambi ya Mahama no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’udupfunyika ijana na cumi n’icyenda (119) tw’urumogi, rwemeza ko ahamwa gusa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Rushingiye na none ku manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire1, rwasobanuye ko kuba udupfunyika yafatanywe atari twinshi cyane no kuba n’ubwo yakoze isubiracyaha, nta cyabuza ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano yakatiwe ku rwego rwa mbere, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000 Frw). [7] Ku wa 4/9/2023, Simbandumwe Etienne yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kurenganurwa kuko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, asobanura ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi nta bimenyetso bigaragarira buri wese rwashingiyeho byemeza ko yagikoze; ndetse anenga urwo Rukiko kuba rwarirengagije gukora iperereza ryimbitse mu Buyobozi bw’izengo z’ibanze n’iza club ishinzwe kurwana ibiyobyabwenge mu nkambi. [8] Me Uwamabera Béata, wunganira Simbandumwe Etienne, yatanze umwanzuro w’inyongera ku wa 20/3/2025, avuga ko hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, igika cya gatatu, agace ka (a) na (d), y’Itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 ryasohotse nyuma y’uko urubanza

1 Urubanza n° RPAA 00472/2021/CA-CMB RPAA 00778/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/5/2023, urubanza n° RPAA 00303/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/2/2023 n’urubanza n° RPAA 00041/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/5/2023.

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ruburanishwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, iyo ngingo ikaba ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, uwo yunganira yagabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [9] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Simbandumwe Etienne nta shingiro bufite kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwagaragaje mu buryo buhagije ibimenyetso rwashingiweho rumuhamya icyaha aregwa, ku buryo nta mpamvu yari gutuma hakorwa iperereza avuga ko yarusabye. [10] Urubanza rwahawe nº RPAA 00371/2023/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 6/5/2025, Simbandumwe Etienne yunganiwe na Me Uwimabera Béata, Ubushinjacyaha buhagagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [11] Kuri iyo tariki, uru Rukiko rwafashe icyemezo cyo kudasuzuma impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na Me Uwimabera Béata kuko zidasobanura kandi zituzuza izatanzwe n’uregwa ubwo yajuriraga urubanza n° RPA 00357/2020/HC/RWG. [12] Harebwe imyanzuro n’imiburanire y’ababuranyi, ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Simbandumwe Etienne mu kunenga urubanza rujuririrwa, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwakoze amakosa yo kumuhamya icyaha aregwa rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitagaragarira buri wese ko yagikoze, yarubahirije ibisabwa n’Itegeko no kumenya niba urwo Rukiko rwaranze gukora iperereza yarusabye. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA ISESENGURA RYABYO a. Kumenya niba Simbandumwe Etienne yarubahirije ibiteganywa n’Itegeko mu kunenga Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuba rwaramuhamije icyaha aregwa rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitagaragaza nta shiti ko yagikoze [13] Simbandumwe Etienne avuga ko anenga Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuba rwaremeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, nyamara ibipapuro yafatanywe nta rumogi rwarimo; ko urwo Rukiko rutagaragaje ibimenyetso nk’amafoto bishimangira ko urumogi rwari rurimo. Asobanura ko avuye muri gereza kubera ibiyobyabwenge, yinjiye muri club ishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge mu nkambi ya Mahama, ko mu rwego rwo kwigisha abaturage ububi bw’urumogi, yafashe umwanzuro wo gufata ibipapuro magana abiri na makumyabiri n’icyenda (229) bitarimo urumogi atangira kubasobanurira ko batagomba gufata (kunywa) urumogi. Asobanura kandi ko yari yasabye Urukiko gutegeka Ubushinjacyaha kugaragaza amafoto y’ibyo bipapuro kugira ngo harebwe ko nta kintu cyarimo. Asoza asaba uru Rukiko gutesha agaciro icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rukanemeza ko agize umwere. [14] Simbandumwe Etienne avuga kandi ko atari kongera gukora icyaha cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, kandi yari yarafungiwe kubinywa umwaka umwe (1) muri gereza. [15] Me Uwimabera Béata avuga ko ashingiye kubyo yabwiwe n’uregwa, igihe yafatwaga batapfunduye utwo dupfunyika ngo barebe niba harimo urumogi. Asoza avuga ko n’ubwo uregwa

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atemera icyaha aregwa, ntacyabuza Urukiko kongera kugabanya igihano yakatiwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana. [16] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibivugwa n’uregwa nta gaciro byahabwa kuko yafatiwe mu cyuho ari gucuruza urumogi, ko muri dosiye hari inyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashizeho umukono, yemera ko yafatanywe udupfunyika ijana na cumi n’icyenda (119) tw’urumogi. Busobanura ko mu gace ka makumyabiri na gatatu (23) k’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwagaragaje ko uregwa yemeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, runagaragaza ibimenyetso bitandukanye bimuhamya icyo cyaha, ko rero busaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko icyemezo cyafashwe n’urwo Rukiko cyagumaho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Impaka ziri muri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba mu kunenga Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuba rwarakoze amakosa yo kutagaragaza nta shiti ko yakoze icyaha yahamijwe, Simbandumwe Etienne yarubahirije ibisabwa n’Itegeko ku birebana no kujuririra urubanza. [18] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza n° RPAA 00616/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2022, uwajuriye agomba kugaragaza amakosa ari mu rubanza rujuririrwa, agasobanura impamvu ari amakosa, agatanga n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa, bivuze ko uwajurije afite ishingano yo kugaragaza ukwibeshya kwakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza gushingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi cyangwa kwatuma ruta agaciro. [19] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza n° RPA/GEN 00001/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 14/2/2025, uwajuriye ntashobora kugaruka (gusubira) gusa ku ngingo ze yaburanishije ku rwego rwa mbere, kandi zitarahawe ishingiro, atagaragaza amakosa Urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoze ruzitesha agaciro n’uko ayo makosa agomba gukosorwa2. [20] Kuva mu gace ka cumi na karindwi kugeza mu ka makumyabiri na kane (24), Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rushingiye ku mvugo za Simbandumwe Etienne mu Bugenzacyaha no Bushinjacyaha, ku mvugo z’umutangabuhamya Bushitse Désiré mu Bugenzacyaha, ku mvugo z’umutangabuhamya Nihorimbere Saïdi mu Bugenzacyaha no kuri raporo y’Ubuyobozi bw’Ikambi ya Mahama, rwasobanuye ko ibivugwa n’uregwa ko nta rumogi yafatanywe, ko yafatanywe impapurogusa zitarimo urumogi, nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kuko mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, yemeye ko yarufatanywe, amaze kugurishaho urw’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi bitanu (5.000 Frw), anashyira umukono ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira y’urwo rumogi. Rwasobanuye kandi ko ibyo yemeye bishyigikirwa n’ubuhamya bwa Bushitse Désiré na Nihorimbere Saïdi na raporo yo mu nkambi ya Mahama. Rwanzura ko nta makosa Urukiko rwabanje rwakoze mu kumuhamya ku buryo budashidikanywaho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ariko rwemeza ko adahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubibika.

2 Une partie ne saurait se contenter de répéter en appel des arguments qui ont échoué en première instance, à moins de démontrer que leur rejet constituait une erreur de nature à justifier l’intervention de la Chambre d’appel’’, Affaire n° ICTR-01-73-A, Procureur contre ZIGIRANYIRAZO Protais, Para. 12. Dans ce sens, voir également l’Affaire n° ICTR-01-74-A Procureur contre François KARERA, Para. 11.

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[21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga uretse kuvuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rutagaragaje ibimenyetso nk’amafoto bishimangira ko impapuro yafatanywe nta rumogi rwari rurimo, Simbandumwe Etienne atagaragaza amakosa rwaba rwarakoze mu bisobanuro rwatanze rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha urumogi, n’uko agomba gukosorwa. Rurasanga kandi Simbandumwe Etienne asubira kubyo yaburanishije mu Rukiko Rukuru, ntagaragaze amakosa urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoze rusubiza ku miburanire ye, nyamara kugaruka ku ngingo ze yaburanishije ku rwego rwabanje, kandi zitarahawe ishingiro, atagaragaza amakosa Urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoze ruzitesha agaciro n’uko ayo makosa agomba gukosorwa, byumvikanisha ko nta kintu anenga urwo rubanza. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwabisobanuye mu buryo bukwiye, Simbandumwe Etienne yaremeye mu Bugenzacyaha ko yafatanywe udupfunyika ijana na cumi n’icyenda (119) tw’urumogi yari yapfunyitse mu isogisi, aruhishe mu myenda yari yambaye. Yasobanuye ko yari aruguze na Majyambere ku mafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi makumyabiri na bine (24.000 Frw), agamije kurucuruza ngo abone inyungu. Na none mu Bushinjacyaha, yasobanuye ko ibyo yavuze mu Bugenzacyaha ari ukuri, ko yafatanywe udupfunyika ijana na cumi n’icyenda (119) tw’urumogi, yari yaguze na Majyambere, inyandikomvugo y’ifatira yo ku wa 28/4/2020 ikaba igaragaza ko yeretswe utwo dupfunyika tw’urumogi, yemera ko yadufatanywe, ashyira umukono kuri iyo nyandikomvugo, hamwe n’Umugenzacyaha wakoze iryo saka n’umutangabuhamya Bushitse Désiré. [23] Nk’uko kandi Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwabigaragaje, uru Rukiko rurasanga umutangabuhamya Nihorimbere Saïdi mu Bugenzacyaha yaravuze ko nyuma yo kubwirwa na Shyirambere ko Simbandumwe Etienne arimo kugurisha urumogi munsi y’isoko ya Mahama II, yabimenyesheje Abayobozi, baraza bamufatana urumogi yari yashyize mu isogisi, bamujyana kuri police. Naho umutangabuhamya Bushitse Désiré mu Bugenzacyaha yavuze ko yari ahari igihe Simbandumwe Etienne yafatanwaga udupfunyika ijana na cumi n’icyenda (119) tw’urumogi turi mu mufuka w’ipantaro yari yambaye, yarupfunyitse mu isogisi. Na none raporo yakozwe n’Abayobozi b’inkambi ya Mahama II (Quartier 8, village 7) yemeza ko ku wa 28/4/2020 mu masaha ya saa moya n’iminota mirongo ine za mugitondo (7h40), Simbandumwe Etienne yafatanywe udupfunyika ijana na cumi n’icyenda (119) tw’urumogi, arucururiza munsi y’isoko rya Mahama II. [24] Hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bihagije byagaragajwe mu bice tubiri tubanziriza aka, byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga uretse no kuba ntacyo Simbandumwe Etienne anenga urubanza rwajuririwe nk’uko bisabwa n’amategeko, urwo Rukiko rwarasobanuye mu buryo budashidikanywaho nta shiti ko yakoze icyaha cyo kugurisha urumogi, bikaba rero bitari ngombwa ko hagaragazwa amafoto ashimangira ko impapuro zivugwa n’uregwa zari zirimo urumogi. [25] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga iyi ngingo y’ubujurire bwa Simbandumwe Etienne nta shingiro ifite. b. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwarirengagije gukora iperereza ryasabwe na Simbandumwe Etienne

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[26] Simbandumwe Etienne avuga ko anenga Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuba rwarirengagije gukora iperereza ryimbitse ku Buyobozi bw’izengo z’ibanze n’iza club ishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge mu nkambi, yarusabye. [27] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuba Simbandumwe Etienne yarafatiwe mu cyuho, kuba yaremeye icyaha imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha n’Ubushinjacyaha, kuba hari abatangabuhamya bamushinja ari nabo bamufatanye urwo rumogi, kuba yarasinye ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yemera ko arufatanywe, ibyo asaba ko hakorwa iperereza nta gaciro byahabwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [28] Impaka ziri muri iki kibazo ni kumenya niba Simbandumwe Etienne yarasabye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana gukora iperereza i Mahama kugira ngo habazwe Abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze ndetse n’abagize club avuga ko ishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge mu nkambi ya Mahama, urwo Rukiko rukaba rwaranze kurikora, ibi bikaba byaratumye ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, atakoze. [29] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza nº RPAA 010/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 9/3/2012, Urukiko ntirutegetswe gukora iperereza cyangwa se kubaza abatangabuhamya buri uko umuburanyi abisabye (……). [30] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza n° RPAA/Gen. 00002/2018/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/7/2023, Urukiko ntirutegetswe kumva abatangabuhamya bose rwashyikirijwe n’uregwa3 cyangwa n’Ubushinjacyaha, rusuzuma ahubwo mu bushishozi bwarwo niba ibyo bashaka gusobanura mu buhamya bwabo bifite ireme kandi bishobora kwemerwa, rukumva gusa abatangabuhamya bazavuga ibijyane n’ikiburanwa kandi byizewe, bivuze rero ko ari ishingano y’uregwa yo kugaragaza ko ubwo buhamya asaba ko Urukiko rwumva bufite akamaro n’inyungu kugira ngo ukuri kugaragare4, Urukiko rwo rumusubiza rumaze gusuzuma niba ubwo buhamya bwagaragaza ukuri5.

3 En ce qui concerne la convocation et l’interrogatoire des témoins à décharge, la Cour européenne considère qu’il n’existe pas un droit absolu de convoquer tout témoin à décharge; il appartient à la juridiction saisie d’évaluer la pertinence d’une telle demande’’, Michel Franchimont, Ann Jacobs et Adrien Masset, Manuel de procédure pénale, 2e édition, Larcier, Bruxelles, 2006, P.1045.

‘’ Suivant la Cour de cassation, l’article 6. 3, d, qui reconnaît à tout accusé le droit d’interroger ou faire interroger les témoins à charge et d’obtenir la convocation et l’interrogation des témoins à décharge dans les mêmes conditions que les témoins à charge, ne prive pas le juge du fond du droit d’apprécier souverainement si un témoin tant à charge qu’à décharge doit être entendu pour former sa conviction’’, , in Henri-D. Bosly et Damien Vandermeersch, Droit de procédure pénale, 2e édition, La Charte, Bruges,2001, P.936.

4 Il appartient, dès lors, au prévenu non seulement de faire la demande d’entendre tel témoin à décharge mais également de préciser l’importance et l’intérêt pour la manifestation de la vérité de cette audition’’, Cour eur. D.H., Pisano contre Italie, 27 juillet 2000, R.U.D.H., 200, p. 430 et note, in Michel Franchimont, Ann Jacobs et Adrien Masset, idem.

5 Le prévenu ne dispose pas d’un droit illimité d’obtenir la convocation de témoins devant la justice, il appartient au juge de répondre à une demande introduite par le prévenu, tendant à entendre un témoin et d’apprécier si cette audition est nécessaire à la manifestation de la vérité. (…)’’, Cass., 27 avril 1999, Rev.dr.pén. crim., 2000, p. 359, in Henri-D. Bosly et Damien Vandermeersch, op.cit., P. 937.

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[31] Ibyasobanuwe muri urwo rubanza byumvikanisha ko uregwa afite ishingano zo kumenyesha Urukiko amazina y’abatangabuhamya ashaka ko rwumva, ibyo bazagaragaza mu buhamya bwabo kugira ngo rubone gusuzuma niba bufite akamaro n’inyungu ku buryo ukuri ku byabaye kuzagarara. [32] Nk’uko byemejwe na none mu rubanza n° RPAA 00616/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2022, uwajurije afite ishingano zo kugaragaza ukwibeshya kwakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza gushingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi cyangwa kwatuma ruta agaciro. [33] Ibyemejwe n’uru Rukiko bivugwa mu gace kabanziriza aka, byumvikanisha ku bundi buryo ko mu bujurire, umuburanyi adashobora kunenga urubanza rujuririrwa kubyo atagaragaje cyangwa ataburanishije, ndetse atasabye ku rwego rwabanje ku birebana n’ibikorwa aregwa. [34] Isuzuma y’umwanzuro wa Simbandumwe Etienne mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rigaragaza ko atarusabye gutumira abatangabuhamya runaka kugira ngo basobanure ibyo bazi ku bikorwa aregwa. Na none, inyandikomvugo y’iburanisha yo ku wa 8/8/2023 rigaragaza ko atabisabye, ahubwo yaburanye anenga Urukiko rwabanje kuba rwarashingiye ku buhamya bushidikanywaho. [35] Hashingiwe ku byagaragajwe mu gace kabanziriza aka, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibivugwa na Simbandumwe Etienne ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwakoze amakosa yo kwanga gukora iperereza kugira ngo rwumve cyangwa rubaze Abayobozi b’izengo z’ibanze ndetse n’abagize club avuga ko ishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge mu nkambi ya Mahama, bitahabwa agaciro kuko adashobora kurunenga kudakora ibyo nawe atarusabye gukora, ndetse atanagaragaje abo batangabuhamya avuga n’ibyo bagombaga kugaragariza Urukiko. [36] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero nta makosa Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwakoze rwemeza ko Simbandumwe Etienne ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rukamuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000 Frw) cyane cyane ko yakoze isubiracyaha. [37] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Simbandumwe Etienne, nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [38] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Simbandumwe Etienne nta shingiro bufite. [39] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza no RPA 00357/2020/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwaciwe ku wa 28/8/2023. [40] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000 Frw), Simbandumwe Etienne yahanishijwe, kigumyeho.

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[41] Rutegetse ko amagarama y'urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.