UBUSHINJACYAHA v. SINGIRANKABO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. SINGIRANKABO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00040/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. SINGIRANKABO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00040/2024/CA (Rugabirwa, P.J.) 20 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu – Kuba uwakubiswe atapfiriye aho yakubitiwe, ahubwo yapfuye ageze kwa muganga – Kuba uwakubiswe atarapfiriye aho yakubitiwe, ahubwo akaza gupfa ageze kwa muganga, ibi byonyine ntibituma icyaha kiba icyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu, kubera ko mu gihe ushinjwa yakoresheje intwaro (igikoresho) yica kandi agakubita mu cyico, ndetse na muganga akerekana ko umuntu yapfuye azize intwaro yakoreshejwe, nta kabuza ko uwabikoze agomba guhamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica umuntu ku bushake. Incamake y’ikibazo: Singirankabo Vedaste yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gukubitra no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu rwa Mukankusi Anne Marie, nyuma y’iperereza bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, aburana yemera icyaha. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Singirankabo ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, rusobanura ko atagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko atemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kuko avuga ko yasembuwe na nyakwigendera kandi nta bimenyetso abitangira. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, ko yagikoze atakigambiriye, ko ahubwo yagikoze bitewe n’uko yari yasembuwe na nyakwigendera. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro, ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa. Singirankabo yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire atahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita no gukometsa byateye urupfu, ko ahubwo yakurikiranwaho icyaha cyo gukubita no gukometsa kubera ko nta raporo ya muganga igaragaza igihe nyakwigendera yapfiriye no kuba yarishwe n’inkoni yamukubise. Asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko atagabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko atemera icyaha cyo gukubita no gukometsa byateye urupfu yakoze, ko ahubwo igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru bikwiye kugumaho. Nyuma yuko Urukiko ruciye urubanza rubanziriza urundi rugategeka Ubushinjacyaha kugaragaza raporo ya muganga igaragaza igihe Mukankusi Anne Marie yapfiriye, nayo bukayigaragaza igararamo ko nyakwigendera yazize kuba yarakomerekejwe mu mutwe (head injury), iburanishwa ryongeye gusubukuburwa, Urukiko rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha yahinduka, no kumenya niba Singirankabo yaganyirizwa ibihano. Ku ruhande rw’Ubushinjacyaha bwavugaga ko Singirankabo ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi kubera ko yakubise nyakwigendera Mukankusi Anne Marie agasuka agasuka (intwaro gakondo ishobora kwica) mu mutwe (mu cyico) nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza

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RPAA 00829/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/03/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Emmanuel. Singirankabo avuga ko yakoze icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu kuko yakubise agafuni nyakwigendera, akajyanwa kwa muganga, agapfa hashize iminsi 3 akamukubise. Incamake y’icyemezo: Kuba uwakubiswe atarapfiriye aho yakubitiwe, ahubwo akaza gupfa ageze kwa muganga, ibi byonyine ntibituma icyaha kiba icyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu, kubera ko mu gihe ushinjwa yakoresheje intwaro (igikoresho) yica kandi agakubita mu cyico, ndetse na muganga akerekana ko umuntu yapfuye azize intwaro yakoreshejwe, nta kabuza ko uwabikoze agomba guhamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica umuntu ku bushake. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ihindutse kubijyanye n’inyito y’icyaha n’igihano Singirankabo ahanishijwe. Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/1/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwamurengeye Vénant; RPAA 00001/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 6/5/2020, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kanani Eugène;

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranyeho Singirankabo Védaste icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu, kubera ko ku wa 12/11/2019, mu gihe cya saa tatu z’ijoro, yagiye mu rugo rwa Mukankusi Anne Marie, yari yarinjiye, aramukomangira kugira ngo amukingurire bararane undi arabyanga, asenya idirishya akoresheje agasuka gato bita nyirabunyagwa, yinjira mu nzu amusangamo, akamukubita ahantu hatandukanye ku mubiri we, cyane cyane mu mutwe, mu gahanga, mu mbavu no mu gitsina aramukomeretsa bikabije bamujyana ku bitaro bya Kinazi, binanirwa kumuvura bimwohereza ku bitaro bya CHUB i Butare, nabyo bimwoherereza ku bitaro bya CHUK i Kigali, aho yapfiriye. [2] Singirankabo Védaste yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu, ariko ko yagikoze bitewe n’uko yari yasembuwe na nyakwigendera, kuko ariwe wari wabanje kumukubita agafuni. [3] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaregewe, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Singirankabo Védaste wemeye ko yakubise Mukankusi Anne Marie agasuka ka nyirabunyagwa mu mutwe inshuro 2 kubera ko ariwe wari ubanje kukamukubita bapfuye umugabo yari agiye gukingurira

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muri iryo joro yamubuza akabyanga, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja barimo Uzaribara Emmanuel, Ndagijimana Jean Bosco na Iradukunda Kevin bemeje ko Singirankabo Védaste yakubise nyakwigendera agafuni mu mutwe, mu gahanga, mu mbavu no mu gitsina, yitura hasi asa n’uwapfuye, ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’agasuka ka nyirabunyagwa kicishijwe nyakwigendera, no kuri raporo y’Inzego z’Ibanze igaragaza ko Mukankusi Anne Marie yakubiswe na Singirankabo Védaste bikamuviramo urupfu, rwaciye urubanza RP 00238/2020/TGI/MHG ku wa 04/05/2020, rwemeza ko Singirankabo Védaste ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, rusobanura ko atagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko atemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kuko avuga ko yasembuwe na nyakwigendera kandi nta bimenyetso abitangira. [4] Singirankabo Védaste yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, ko yagikoze atakigambiriye, ko ahubwo yagikoze bitewe n’uko yari yasembuwe na nyakwigendera Mukankusi Anne Marie ubwo yakinguriraga undi mugabo atashoboye kumenya, mu ijoro ryo ku wa 12/11/2019, bamusanga mu buriri baramukubita bamukomeretsa mu mutwe, bituma akubita Mukankusi Anne Marie agasuka yatezaga intabire kandi yari agiye kugakubita uwo mugabo, kamukomeretsa mu mutwe ahita ahunga atamenye ibyakurikiyeho. [5] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Singirankabo Védaste atagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko uretse no kuba atemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, yagikoranye ubugome bukabije. [6] Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku kuba Singirankabo Védaste atemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, no kuba yarakoranye icyaha ubugome bukabije butuma atagabanyirizwa ibihano, rwaciye urubanza RPA 00453/2020/HC/NYZ ku wa 29/12/2023, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse, ko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, Singirankabo Védaste yahanishijwe bigumyeho. [7] Singirankabo Védaste yajuririye na none urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe buhabwa RPAA 00040/2024/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 04/08/2025, Singirankabo Védaste yunganiwe na Me Kayiranga Kayiru, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro no mu miburanire, Singirankabo Védaste n’umwunganira bavuga ko atahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita no gukometsa byateye urupfu, ko ahubwo yakurikiranwaho icyaha cyo gukubita no gukometsa kubera ko nta raporo ya muganga igaragaza igihe Mukankusi Anne Marie yapfiriye no kuba yarishwe n’inkoni yamukubise. Basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Singirankabo Védaste atagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko atemera icyaha cyo gukubita no gukometsa byateye urupfu yakoze, ko ahubwo igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru bikwiye kugumaho. [10] Ku wa 25/04/2025, uru Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rubanziriza urundi, rutegeka Ubushinjacyaha gukora iperereza ku bitaro bya CHUK i Kigali, aho nyakwigendera Mukankusi

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Anne Marie yapfiriye, bukarushyikiriza raporo ya muganga igaragaza itariki nyakwigendera yapfiriyeho n’icyamwishe. [11] Ku wa 28/08/2025, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze raporo ya muganga ukorera mu bitaro bya CHUK i Kigali, igaragaza ko Mukankusi Anne Marie yapfuye ku wa 15/11/2019 azize kuba yarakomerekejwe mu mutwe (head injury). [12] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryasubukuwe ku wa 04/09/2025 no ku wa 07/10/2025, Singirankabo Védaste yunganiwe na Me Kayiranga Kayiru, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, wasimbuwe na Niyonkuru Françoise, Abashinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu, ababuranyi b’impande zombi basabwe kugira icyo bavuga ku birebana n’igabanyagihano risabwa na Singirankabo Védaste, no ku bijyanye n’inyito y’icyaha yakoze harebwe ibivugwa muri raporo ya muganga yavuzwe haruguru. [13] Urukiko rwasuzumye ibibazo bikurikira: a) Kumenya inyito y’icyaha Singirankabo Védaste yakoze; b) Kumenya niba Singirankabo Védaste yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano; II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya inyito y’icyaha Singirankabo Védaste yakoze [14] Singirankabo Védaste n’umwunganira yakoze icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu, kubera ko yakubise nyakwigendera Mukankusi Anne Marie agasuka mu mutwe ku wa 12/11/2019, bamujyana kwa muganga, aho yapfiiriye nyuma y’iminsi 3 akamukubise. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Singirangabo Védaste yakoze icyaha cy’ubwicanyi kubera ko yakubise nyakwigendera Mukankusi Anne Marie agasuka agasuka (intwaro gakondo ishobora kwica) mu mutwe (mu cyico) nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00829/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/03/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Emmanuel. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya inyito y’icyaha Singirankabo Védaste yakoze. [17] Mu rubanza RPAA 00001/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 6/5/2020, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kanani Eugène, ndetse nk’uko n’abahanga mu mategeko babisobanuye, ubushake bwo kwica undi (volonté ou intention de donner la mort: intention homicide) bugaragazwa n’ikintu cyakoreshejwe gishobora kwica, aho cyakoreshejwe ku mubiri w’umuntu, ni ukuvuga mu cyico (partie vitale du corps humain), ndetse n’ihohoterwa rikabije ryakoreshejwe1.

1 « L’intention homicide peut résulter: soit de l’arme employée, lorsque celle-ci a une puissance mortelle en ellemême, soit de l’endroit où le coup a été porté lorsque celui-ci est une partie vitale du corps humain, soit

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[18] Naho mu rubanza RPAA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/1/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwamurengeye Vénant, hemejwe ko kuba uwakubiswe atarapfiriye aho yakubitiwe, ahubwo akaza gupfa ageze kwa muganga, ibi byonyine bidatuma icyaha kiba icyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu, kubera ko mu gihe ushinjwa yakoresheje intwaro (igikoresho) yica kandi agakubita mu cyico, ndetse na muganga akerekana ko umuntu yapfuye azize intwaro yakoreshejwe, nta kabuza ko uwabikoze agomba guhamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica umuntu ku bushake, ibi bikaba ari nabyo byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00244/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/9/2024, mu rubanza RPAA 00522/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 31/1/20252 ndetse no mu rubanza RPAA 00453/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/3/20253. [19] Raporo ya muganga yatanzwe n’ibitaro bya CHUK i Kigali, igaragaza ko nyakwigendera Mukankusi Anne Marie yapfuye ku wa 15/11/2019 azize ikintu yakubiswe mu mutwe (head injury) kikamukomeretsa. [20] Hashingiwe ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza zavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, kuba Singirankabo Védaste yiyemerera ko yakubise Mukankusi Anne Marie agasuka mu mutwe ku wa 12/11/2019, agapfa nyuma y’iminsi itatu (3) ku wa 15/11/2019 nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo ya muganga yavuzwe haruguru, bigaragara ko Singirankabo Védaste yari afite ubushake bwo kwica, kuko yakubise Mukankusi Anne Marie agasuka (intwaro gakondo ishobora kwica) mu mutwe (mu cyico) apfa nyuma y’iminsi itatu (3), bityo Singirankabo Védaste yakoze icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, aho kuba icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu nk’uko babivuga. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga n’ubwo Mukankusi Anne Marie atahise apfa ako kanya Singirankabo Védaste akimara kumukubita agafuni mu mutwe, bidakuraho ko yarakoze icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, kuko nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwavuzwe haruguru, ndetse no mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire zavuzwe haruguru, ikirebwa atari igihe umuntu yapfiriye, by’ako kanya, ko ahubwo harebwa icyakoreshejwe (intwaro) cyatumye uwahohotewe apfa n’ahantu ku mubiri we cyakoreshejwe, ni ukuvuga mu cyico.

Kumenya niba Singirankabo Védaste yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano [22] Singirankabo Védaste n’umwunganira bavuga ko akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemeye icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu anagisabira imbabazi kuva mu Nzego z’Iperereza kugera muri uru Rukiko, maze agahanishwa igifungo

du degré de la violence ou de sa gravité’’, Général LIKULIA BOLONGO, Droit pénal spécial zaïrois, Tome I, 2e édition, L.G.D.J., Paris, 1985, P. 52. ‘’……l’intention sera censée exister lorsque l’agent a frappé sur une partie vitale du corps et avec une arme dangereuse……», Jean Pradel et Michel Danti-Juan, Droit pénal spécial, droit commun-Droit des affaires, 4e édition, Cujas, Paris, 2007-2008, P. 35. ‘’L’intention peut s’induire de la nature de l’arme ou du coup, de la région du corps frappée par l’agent…..’’, Jean Larguier et Anne-Marie Larguier, Droit pénal spécial, 10e édition, Dalloz, Paris, 1998, P. 10. 2 ‘’ Ubushake bwo kwica undi (volonté ou intention de donner la mort: intention homicide) bugaragazwa n’ikintu cyakoreshejwe gishobora kwica, aho cyakoreshejwe ku mubiri w’umuntu, ni ukuvuga mu cyico (partie vitale du corps humain), ndetse n’ihohoterwa rikabije ryakoreshejwe’’, reba agace ka 51 k’urwo rubanza. 3 Reba agace ka 17 k’urwo rubanza.

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cy’imyaka 7 n’amezi 6 n’ihazabu ingana na 1.250 Frw, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (b) na (d) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kuko atari yagambiriye kwica nyakwigendera, kubera ko bari basangiye inzoga, ko ahubwo yabitewe n’uko yari yazanye undi mugabo mu rugo rwabo. [23] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Singirankabo Védaste atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, kandi yarakoze icyaha cy’ubwicanyi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [24] Ingingo ya 107 Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Umuntu wica undi abishaka, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu”. [25] Naho ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15”. [26] Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe muri uru Rukiko, mu gika cya 27, igaragaza ko Singirankabo Védaste yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw ku kubera icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa yari yahamijwe. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Singirankabo Védaste wakoze icyaha cy’ubwicanyi nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe, kuko aricyo igihano gito (minimum) giteganyirijwe icyo cyaha hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 ( a) y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru, ariko igihano cy’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw kikaba kigomba kuvanwaho kuko icyo cyaha kidateganyirjwe igihano cy’ihazabu, bivuze ko Singirankabo Védaste agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 gusa, bityo imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririrwe ikaba igomba guhinduka ku bijyanye n’inyito y’icyaha n’igihano Singirankabo Védaste ahanishijwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Singirankabo Védaste nta shingiro bufite; [29] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00453/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku wa 29/12/2023, ihindutse ku birebana n’inyito y’icyaha n’igihano Singirankabo Védaste ahanishijwe; [30] Rwemeje ko Singirankabo Védaste ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi; [31] Ruhanishije Singirankabo Védaste igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15).