UBUSHINJACYAHA v SINKURIRYAYO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v SINKURIRYAYO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00083/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v SINKURIRYAYO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00083/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 24 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Kwemera icyaha kw’uregwa – Agaciro k’imvugo zivugiwe imbere y’Urukiko n’izavugiwe munzego z’iperereza – Umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi niwe ureba agaciro imvugo y’uwiyemerera icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza ifite, kabone n’iyo nyirayo yageze imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. Incamake y’ikibazo: Sinkuriryayo Steven yafatiwe i Shyorongi afite udupfunyika 3000 tw'urumogi kandi asinyira ko ibiyobyabwenge afatanwe ari ibye. Mu ibazwa rye imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha, yasobanuye uburyo yumvikanye n’uwitwa Habarurema Ladislas kugira ngo ajye kumugurira urumogi I Goma, ndetse asabwa guhamagara Habarurema ngo aze gufata urwo rumogi, nawe ahita afatwa. Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rusaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Sinkuriryayo Steven ageze mu Rukiko yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rutari urwe. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Mu bujurire, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose, yongera kujuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko anenga urubanza yajuririye kuba rwaramuhaniye icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge rwirengagije ko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaje “stock” avanamo ibiyobyabwenge n’iyo abigemuramo, ko ahubwo rwagombye kumuhanira kubifatanwa no kubinywa kuko aricyo yakoze, ko ubwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe budasobanura ko abikwirakwiza. Asaba Urukiko kudaha agaciro imvugo ye yavugiye mu Bushinjacyaha kuko yayikoreshejwe ku gahato. Ubwunganizi bwe busaba ko, mu gihe Urukiko rwabibona ukundi, rwamugabanyiriza ibihano kuko igifungo yahanishijwe gikabije kuba kinini. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umucamanza niwe ureba agaciro k’imvugo uregwa yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha kabone n’iyo yagera imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. Biryo, Urukiko rurasanga, kuba Sinkuriryayo ahakana imvugo ze yemereye mu Bushinjacyaha, bitambura agaciro iki kimenyetso kuko, uretse no kuba nta kimenyetso cy’agahato avuga yashyizweho, imvugo ze yavugiye mu Bushinjacyaha zifite ireme kandi zikaba zihuza n’ukuri kw’ibyabaye. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 062/2024 ryo kuwa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 53. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0010/06/SC, Ubushinjacyaha v Sgt NTAGANIRA Eugene na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/07/2008;

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RPAA 00408/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v NIYITEGEKA Augustin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 27/06/2022. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 31/10/2019, Polisi y'Igihugu, Ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, yahawe amakuru ko Sinkuriryayo Steven avanye ibiyobyabwenge I Rubavu abizanye iKigali, afatirwa i Shyorongi afite udupfunyika 3000 tw'urumogi kandi asinyira ko ibiyobyabwenge afatanwe ari ibye. [2] Mu ibazwa rye imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha, Sinkuriryayo yasobanuye uburyo yumvikanye n’uwitwa Habarurema Ladislas kugira ngo ajye kumugurira urumogi iGoma, uyu amuha amafaranga yo kurugura kandi amuha n’ayo kurutegera kugira ngo arugeze iKigali, ndetse asabwa guhamagara Habarurema ngo aze gufata urwo rumogi, nawe ahita afatwa. [3] Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rusaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000frw. Imbere y’Urukiko, Sinkuriryayo Steven yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rutari urwe ko nta n’ibyangombwa yagiraga byo kujya muri Congo kururangura, ko ubwo yari muri “garre” ya Rubavu yahawe igikapu n’uwitwa Jeanne, amuha numero ya telefoni y’uwitwa Habarurema uri iKigali wagombaga kuza kugifata, nyamara ko atigeze amenya ibiri mu gikapu kugeza afashwe bikaboneka ko ari urumogi rwarimo, asaba guhanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge gusa. [4] Mu rubanza Nº RP 01530/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe kuwa 22/4/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rushingiye ku kuba Sinkuriryayo Steven yarafatanwe udupfunyika 3000 tw’urumogi, aruvanye iRubavu, aruzanye i Kigali, rushingiye ku mvugo yakoreye imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha ku wa 03/11/2019 asobanura aho yaruguze n’uwarumutumye, rushingiye no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, rwamuhanishije igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 frw. [5] Sinkuriryayo Steven yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko icyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda urumogi kandi ataragikoze, ko yemera ko urumogi yafatanwe rwari urwe rwo kunywa kugira ngo ashobore imirimo y’ingufu akora, ko Ubushinjacyaha butigeze bwerekana ikimenyetso cy’uko atunda urumogi kuko ngo n’uwitwa Jeanne yavuze ntawubaho ahubwo ko yamuvuze ashaka kwirengera, asaba guhanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge no kubinywa. [6] Mu rubanza Nº RPA 00770/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 30/11/2023, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Sinkuriryayo Steven adahakana ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 3000 tw’urumogi kandi ko ubwinshi bwarwo buvuguruza imiburanire ye yo kuba ari rwe rwo kunywa, rusanga kandi imvugo ze zivuguruzanya ku mpamvu y’urumogi yafatanwe nta cyo zamumarira kuko zitavanaho ko yafashwe avana urumogi iRubavu arujyana iKigali, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye

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igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose, rumuhamisha ku gifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu ya 20.000.000 frw. [7] Sinkuriryayo Steven yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri Nº RPAA 00083/2024/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 9/1/2025 yunganiwe na Me Niyonizeye Jean Damascène naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mukunzi Faustin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Sinkuriryayo Steven yunganiwe na Me Niyonteze Jean de Damascene anenga urubanza yajuririye kuba rwaramuhaniye icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge rwirengagije ko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaje “stock” avanamo ibiyobyabwenge n’iyo abigemuramo, ko ahubwo rwagombye kumuhanira kubifatanwa no kubinywa kuko aricyo yakoze, ko ubwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwnege yafatanwe budasobanura ko abikwirakwiza. Asaba Urukiko kudaha agaciro imvugo ye yavugiye mu Bushinjacyaha kuko yayikoreshejwe ku gahato. Ubwunganizi bwe busaba ko, mu gihe Urukiko rwabibona ukundi, rwamugabanyiriza ibihano kuko igifungo yahanishijwe gikabije kuba kinini. [9] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Sinkuriryayo Steven nta shingiro bufite kuko, ubwe yisobanuriye nta gahato imikorere y’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, ko kandi ubwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe (3000 boules) bisobanuye ko yari agamije kubikwirakwiza hakurikijwe umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na NIYIGENA, busaba ko atagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko nta mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ibimwemerera. [10] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma inyito y’icyaha Sinkuriryayo Steven yakoze n’igihano yahanishwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’URUBANZA A. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhanira Sinkuriryayo Steven icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge mu mwanya wo kumuhanira icyo kubifatanwa no kubinywa [11] Sinkuriryayo Steven yunganiwe na Me Niyonteze Jean de Damascene, yajuriye anenga urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge rutagaragaje ko yari afite “stock” abivanamo n’aho abicuruza, ko ubwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe bidasobanuye ko ari ibyo gukwirakwiza, ko ahubwo kuba akora akazi ka karani ngufu ariyo mpamvu imutera kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kugira ngo agire imbaraga, asaba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 2 kubera icyaha yakoze cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 263 al1 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. [12] Urukiko rwashatse kumenya icyo Sinkuriryayo Steven avuga ku mvugo ye yakoreye mu Bushinjacyaha asobanura uburyo yagiye kugura ibiyobyabwenge I Goma abitumwe na Habarurema utuye iKigali, uko yasobanuye amafaranga yabiguze ndetse akaba yarasabwe na Polisi guhamagara Habarurema kuza kubifata, uyu akaza nawe agahita afatwa, Sinkuriryayo yasubije ko iyi mvugo yayitanze ashyizweho agahato bityo ko nta gaciro yahabwa.

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[13] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku kuba yarafatanwe urumogi aruvanye iRubavu arujyanye iKigali, ko imvugo ye mu Bushinjacyaha isobanutse neza kuko ubwe yasobanuye uburyo yagiye umugambi na Habarurema wo kujya kugura ibiyobyabwenge muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo n’uburyo yagiye muri icyo Gihugu kurushaka ndetse n’uburyo yaruvanye iRubavu agafatirwa iShyorongi, ubwe akaba yarahamagaye Habarurema ngo aze arwakire bigatuma ahita afatwa, ko adashobora kuvuga ko yashyizweho agahato kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga kandi ko udupfunyika 3000 tw’urumogi ari twinshi ku buryo umuntu atavuga ko ari utwo kunywa gusa, ko kandi Urukiko Rukuru rwabishingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Niyigena1. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ubujurire bwa Sinkuriyayo Steven bugamije guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha hashingiwe ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragaragaje “stock” avanamo ibiyobyabwenge n’iyo abijyanamo iKigali no kuba imvugo ze mu Bushinjacyaha zitaragombaga gushingirwaho kubera ko yashyizweho agahato. [15] Ikibazo cyo kumenya agaciro gahabwa imvugo ushinjwa yavugiye mu nzego z’iperereza ariko akayivuguruza mu Rukiko, cyakemuwe mu rubanza Nº RPA 0010/06/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/07/2008 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sgt Ntaganira Eugene na bagenzi be, aho rwemeje ko umucamanza ariwe ureba agaciro k’imvugo uregwa yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha kabone n’iyo yagera imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. [16] Urukiko rurasanga, mu mvugo Sinkuriryayo Steven yakoreye imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha ku wa 03/11/2019, uyu yarasobanuye ko yemeranyijwe na Habarurema utuye ikigali wamuhaye “ticket” y’amafaranga 10.000 kugira ngo ajye kumushakira urumogi iGoma, ko yagiyeyo akarugura ku mafaranga 160.000 kandi ko yabifashijwemo n’uwitwa Alexis, ko nyuma yo kurufatanwa iShyorongi yasabwe guhamagara Habarurema bagahurira ku Giti cy’inyoni aho nawe yafatiwe kubera iki cyaha. Rurasanga iyi mvugo isobanura ku buryo burambuye imikorere y’icyaha kandi ikaba ihuza n’ukuri kw’ibyabaye kuko urumogi avuga yagiye kugura ari narwo yafatanwe kandi ko n’umuntu avuga bari basangiye umugambi yamuhamagaye kuza kwakira urumogi rwe, uyu akaba ari we uza akanafatwa, uyu akaba nta kimenyetso agaragaza cy’agahato avuga yashyizweho, nta n’uburyo agahato kari gutuma ibyo avuga bihuza n’ukuri kw’ibyabaye. [17] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPA 0010/06/SC rwavuzwe haruguru, kuba Sinkuriryayo ahakana imvugo ze yemereye mu Bushinjacyaha, bitambura agaciro iki kimenyetso kuko, uretse no kuba nta kimenyetso cy’agahato avuga yashyizweho, imvugo ze yavugiye mu Bushinjacyaha zifite ireme kandi zikaba zihuza n’ukuri

1 Reba rubanza Nº RPAA 00408/2020/CA rwaciwe kuwa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NIYITEGEKA Augustin.

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kw’ibyabaye; ibi kandi bikaba bihuza n’ingingo ya 53 y’Itegeko Nº 062/2024 ryo kuwa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso2. [18] Urukiko rurasanga nanone nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu gushingira ku bwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwenge ruhamya Sinkuriryayo icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, kuko rwashingiye ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza Nº RPAA 00408/2020/CA rwaciwe kuwa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin alias Niyirema ndetse no mu zindi manza zakurikiye, umurongo usobanura ko ubwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwenge ushinjwa afatanwe ari ikimenyetso ko ari mu runana rw’abakwirakwiza ibiyobyabwenge. Rurasanga udupfunyika 3000 tw’urumogi ari rwinshi bikabije ku buryo urufatanwe adashobora gusobanura uburyo ari urwo kunywa gusa. [19] Kubera impamvu zisobanuwe haruguru, rurasanga ingingo y’ubujurire bwa Sinkuriryayo Steven isaba guhanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge mu mwanya w’icyo kubitunda, nta shingiro ifite. B. Ku birebana n’ibihano [20] Sinkuriryayo Steven yasabye Urukiko kuvanirwaho igifungo cya burundu kuko kimuteye ubwoba naho ubwunganizi bwe buvuga ko mu gihe Urukiko rwasanga ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, rwamugabanyiriza igihano kuko aribwo bwa mbere aguye mu cyaha. [21] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko nta mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma Sinkuriryayo agabanyiririzwa ibihano kuko aburana ahakana icyaha, ko ariko impamvu iramutse ibonetse Urukiko rwagabanya ariko ntirujye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko n° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda cyangwa gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga atari munsi ya 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [23] Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo Sinkuriryayo Steven yaburanye ahakana icyaha nyamara kandi cyaratangiwe ibimenyetso bihagije ndetse akaba yarafatanwe ingano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge, nyamara kandi igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000frw ku muntu uguye mu cyaha bwa mbere, gikabije kuremera, ariyo mpamvu akwiye kugabanyirizwa kuri uru rwego. [24] Urukiko rusanga mu kugabanya ibihano hashingirwa ku bikubiye mu ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko: « Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: … (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 …, (d) igihano cy’ihazabu

2 Urwego rufite ububasham rusuzuma ukwemerwa cyangwa ukutemerwa n’agaciro by’ikimenyetso gishingiye ku buhamya. Ntirwita ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya, ahubwo rwita cyane ku bumenyi bw’ibyabaye no ku budakemwa bw’ubuhamya batanga.

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gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane( ¼) cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe ». [25] Mu kumenya igihano Sinkuriryayo yahanishwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hari izindi manza ruheruka guca ku bantu bahamijwe ibyaha bijya gusa n’icyo Sinkuriryayo yahamijwe, muri zo hari nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00244/2022/CA rwaciwe kuwa 04/10/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Byiringiro Innocent alias Bizuru; Kimana Innocent Alias Cobra NA HABIYAREMYE Jean Pierre. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabahanishije igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw kuri buri wese ku cyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi udupfunyika 1004 kuri Byiringiro Innocent alias Bizuru, udupfunyika 360 kuri Habiyaremye Jean Pierre n’udupfunyika 1229 dufatanwa Bazirihe Charlène aruhawe na Kimana Innocent alias Cobra. [26] Kubera izo mpamvu, mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bijya gusa, kuba Sinkuriryayo akurikiranyweho ibijya gusa n’ibya Byiringiro na Bagenzi be, Urukiko rushingiye kandi ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko mu kugena ibihano, Urukiko rushingira ku mikorere y’icyaha, uburemere bwacyo ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, rushingiye kandi ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe, Urukiko rurasanga Sinkuriryayo akwiye guhabwa igihano kiri mu kigero kimwe n’icyo Byiringiro na bagenzi be bahawe kuko nawe yaburanye ahakana icyaha , ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko kandi akaba yarafashwe atunda ingano nini y’ibiyobyabwnege (udupfunyika 3.0000 tw’urumogi); bityo rero Sinkuriryayo Steven akaba akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) no gutanga ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) ku cyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi yahamijwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko urubanza nº RPA 00770/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 30/11/2023 ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’ibihano. [28] Rwemeje ko Sinkuriryayo Steven ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) ku cyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. [29] Rutegetse ko Sinkuriryayo Steven asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.