TORERO vs TWAGIRAMUNGU

# TORERO vs TWAGIRAMUNGU

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-10-19 - Case/document no.: RS/RECT/RC00002/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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TORERO vs TWAGIRAMUNGU [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RSA/RECT/RC00002/2023/CA (Ngagi, P.J.) 19 Ukwakira 2023] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza zisubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Kujurira – Urubanza rwaciwe ku kirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rurusobanura cyangwa rurukosora Ntirujuririrwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Torero arega Umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga witwa Twagiramungu mu Rukiko rwibanze rwa Kagano asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara kuko atubahirije uburyo bwo gutangaza cyamunara, kandi ko uwegukanye umutungo muri cyamunara atishyuye ikiguzi mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, avuga kandi ko uwatanze amafaranga menshi atari we wegukanye umutungo. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00155/2020/TB/KAG, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Torero nta shingiro gifite. Torero ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, arujuririra mu rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, maze Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00043/2020/TGI/RSZ, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Torero ntiyanyuzwe nicyo cyemezo yandikira perezida w’Urukiko Rukuru asaba ko urubanza RCA00043/2020/TGI/RSZ rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nawe nyuma yo kubisuzuma yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amusaba ko nawe yasuzuma urwo rubanza kuko rushobora kuba rurimo akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane agena ko ruburanishwa n’Urukiko Rukuru urugereko rwa Rusizi. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00006/2022/HC/RSZ rwemeje ko urubanza RCA00043/2020/TGI/RSZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi harimo akarengane. Rwemeza ko cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 21/07/2020 iteshejwe agaciro, hagakorwa indi yubahirije imihango yose iteganywa n’itegeko, ko kandi nta ndishyi zitanzwe muri urwo rubanza. Torero yongeye gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, asaba gusobanuza urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00006/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’urwo Rukiko, avuga ko muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rutigeze rusobanura ibijyanye n’igihombo cyatewe na Twagiramungu watesheje agaciro ingwate yagombaga kugurisha bigatuma asatira indi mitungo. Asaba ko byasobanurwa. Urukiko mu rubanza RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2023/HC/RSZ rwemeje ko nta kidasobanutse mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00006/2022/HC/RSZ. Torero ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize yurwo maze ayijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Twagiramungu yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Torero kubera ko ajuririra urubanza rusobanuza urubanza rwaciwe ku mpamvu z’akarengane kandi rukaba rutajuririrwa. Torero avuga ko urubanza bajuririra ari urubanza rwo gusobanura urundi kandi Amategeko yemera ko urubanza rusobanuza urundi cyangwa rukosora urundi rushobora kujuririrwa rwonyine. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urubanza rwaciwe ku kirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ntirujuririrwa. Bityo, n’urubanza rusobanuza cyangwa rukosoza urubanza rwasubiwemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane narwo nta yindi nzira y’ubujurire rushobora gukorerwa, kuko ruba rwuzuza cyangwa rubaye rumwe n’urubanza rwaciwe ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cy’ubujurire ifite ishingiro.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, Ingingo ya 53, Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 111, 140 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RCOMAA 00001/2019/SC, Ntegeye Bernard vs ECOBANK RWANDA LTD hamwe NATIONAL BANK OF RWANDA rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 24/01/2020, igika cya 20-25. Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku rubanza Torero Boniface yarezemo Umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga witwa Twagiramungu Vincent avuga ko atubahirije uburyo bwo gutangaza cyamunara, anavuga ko uwegukanye umutungo muri cyamunara atishyuye ikiguzi mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, ndetse ko uwatanze amafaranga menshi witwa Ndayisabye Jean Bosco atari we wegukanye umutungo wagurishijwe muri cyamunara, bityo asaba ko iyo cyamunara yateshwa agaciro. Mu rubanza RC00155/2020/TB/KAG, Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kagano rwemeje ko ikirego cya TORERO Boniface nta shingiro gifite, ajuririra Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, maze mu rubanza RCA00043/2020/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2020, Urukiko rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [2] Nyuma y’uko urubanza RCA00043/2020/TGI/RSZ ruciwe, TORERO Boniface yasabye ko rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, amaze kubyemererwa urubanza rwoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, kugira ngo ari rwo ruzaruburanisha, ruhabwa RS/INJUST/RC00006/2022/HC/RSZ. [3] Ku wa 20/03/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, rwaciye urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00006/2022/HC/RSZ rwemeza ko mu rubanza RCA00043/2020/TGI/RSZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa RUSIZI ku wa 29/10/2020, harimo akarengane. Rwemeza ko cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 21/07/2020 iteshejwe agaciro, hagakorwa indi yubahirije imihango yose iteganywa n’itegeko, ko kandi nta ndishyi zitanzwe muri urwo rubanza. [4] Ku wa 19/04/2023, Torero Boniface yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, ntawe arega, asaba gusobanuza urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00006/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’urwo Rukiko ku wa 20/03/2023, avuga ko muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rutigeze rusobanura ibijyanye n’igihombo cyakuruwe na Me Twagiramungu Vincent kubw'amakosa yakoze ahombesha ingwate yagombaga kugurisha bigatuma asatira indi mitungo. Bityo agasaba ko byasobanurwa muri icyo kirego cye. [5] Mu rubanza RS/INTERT/RC00001/2023/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 10/05/2023, Urukiko rwemeje ko nta kidasobanutse mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00006/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 20/03/2023 n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi. Rutegeka ko urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00006/2022/HC/RSZ n’urubanza RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2023/HC/RSZ zomekwa hamwe kuko zigize urubanza rumwe. [6] Torero Boniface yajuririye urubanza RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2023/HC/RSZ muri uru Rukiko, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RSA/RECT/RC 00002/2023/CA.Urubanza rwahamagawe ku wa

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06/07/2023 rugenda rwimurirwa kubera ko Torero Boniface yari atarabona Avoka wo kumwunganira, ruburanishwa ku wa 12/10/2023, Torero Boniface yunganiwe na Me Mukakarangwa Delphine, naho Twagiramungu Vincent yunganiwe na Me Nzabonimana Cassien, hasuzumwa inzitizi yatanzwe na Twagiramungu Vincent yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Torero Boniface kubera ko ajuririra urubanza rusobanuza urubanza rwaciwe ku mpamvu z’akarengane kandi rukaba rutajuririrwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA 1.Kumenya niba urubanza rwaciwe ku mpamvu z’akarengane rugasabirwa gusobanurwa cyangwa gukosorwa bishoboka ko icyemezo Urukiko rwafashe kijuririrwa [7] Twagiramungu Vincent n’umwunganira bashingiye ku ngingo ya 53 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ko imanza zasubiwemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane zidashobora kongera kujuririrwa, bavuga ko ubujurire bwa Torero Boniface butagomba kwakirwa kuko urubanza ajuririra ari urusobanuza urubanza rwaciwe ku mpamvu z’akarengane kandi ko urubanza rwaciwe ku mpamvu z’akarengane rutajuririrwa. Basobanura ko gukosoza cyangwa gusobanuza urubanza bidashobora gukuraho umwihariko w'imanza zasubiwemo ku mpamvu z'akarengane w’uko zidashobora kongera kujuririrwa. [8] Torero Boniface n’umwunganira bavuga ko ari byo koko urubanza rwaciwe ku mpamvu z’akarengane rutajuririrwa, ariko ko urubanza bajuririra ari urubanza rwo gusobanura urundi kandi ko ingingo ya 140, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, yemera ko urubanza rusobanuza urundi cyangwa rukosora urundi rushobora kujuririrwa rwonyine, bityo ko ubujurire bwabo bugomba kwakirwa kuko urubanza bajuririra ari urusobanuza urundi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [9] Ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niha hari inzira y’ubujurire busanzwe cyangwa ubudasanzwe ishoboka ku rubanza rwasubimo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ntabwo ari ubwa mbere gisuzumwe n’Inkiko kuko mu rubanza RCOMAA00001/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 24/01/2020, Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba urubanza rwaciwe ku kirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane rushobora gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, maze nyuma yo gusobanura icyo Umushingamategeko yari agamije ashyiraho inzira yo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rwemeza ko urubanza rwaciwe ku kirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rudashobora gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, bityo ko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya, cyatanzwe na Ntegeye Bernard, kidashobora kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe1. [10] Kubirebana n’uru rubanza, Torero Boniface ajuririra icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, ku kirego yari yatanze gisobanuza urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00006/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [11] Ingingo ya 53, igika cya 4, y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ibikurikira: “Imanza zasubiwemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ntizishobora kongera kujuririrwa.” [12] Ingingo ya 140, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya

1Reba urubanza RCOMAA 00001/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 24/01/2020, NTEGEYE Bernard aburana na ECOBANK RWANDA LTD hamwe NATIONAL BANK OF RWANDA, igika cya 20-25.

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ibikurikira: “Urubanza rusobanura cyangwa rukosora urundi rwuzuza urubanza rwasabiwe gusobanurwa cyangwa gukosorwa. Rushobora kujuririrwa rwonyine cyangwa hamwe n’urubanza rw’iremezo mu gihe imanza zombi zishobora kujuririrwa.” [13] Urukiko rusomeye hamwe ingingo zombi zimaze kuvugwa rusanga zumvikanisha ko urubanza rwasubiwemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rutajuririrwa. Zumvikanisha kandi ko urubanza rusobanuza cyangwa rukosoza urundi rwuzuza urubanza rwasabiwe gusobanurwa cyangwa gukosorwa kandi ko rushobora kujuririrwa rwonyine cyangwa hamwe n’urubanza rukosorwa cyangwa rusobanurwa mu gihe amategeko yemera ko izo manza zishobora ku juririrwa. Mu yandi magambo ni ihame ko nta yindi nzira y’ubujurire ishoboka ku rubanza rwasubiwemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kandi n’urubanza rusobanuza cyangwa rukosoza urubanza rwasubiwemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane narwo nta yindi nzira y’ubujurire rushobora gukorerwa, kuko ruba rwuzuza cyangwa rubaye rumwe n’urubanza rwaciwe ku mpamvu z’akarengane kandi bene urwo rubanza, Umushingamategeko yateganije ko nta rundi rukiko rwongera kurusuzuma kuko inzira yo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ari inzira idasanzwe, bikaba byumvikana ko nta yindi nzira y’ubujurire busanzwe cyangwa ubudasanzwe ishoboka kuri urwo rubanza. [14] Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo zavuzwe haruguru, rurasanga ubujurire bwa Torero Boniface butagomba kwakirwa kuko urubanza RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2023/HC/RSZ, Torero Boniface ajuririra, ari urusobanuza urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00006/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku mpamvu z’akarengane kandi bene urwo rubanza ntirujuririrwa. [15] Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa na Torero Boniface n’umwunganira ko ngingo ya 140, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, yemera ko urubanza rusobanuza cyangwa rukosoza urundi rushobora kujuririrwa rwonyine, bityo ko ubujurire bwabo bukwiye kwakirwa kuko urubanza bajuririra ari urusobanuza urundi, nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, urubanza rusobanuza cyangwa rukosoza urubanza rwasubiwemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane narwo ntirwemerewe kujuririrwa. 2.Kumenya niba amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ayagiye ku rubanza Twagiramungu Vincent asaba afite ishingiro [16] Twagiramungu Vincent n’umwunganira bavuga ko Torero Boniface yajuririye urubanza azi neza ko rutajuririrwa, bityo bakaba basaba Urukiko kumutegeka kubaha ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y'igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000Frw y’ibyagiye ku rubanza. Bavuga kandi ko kuba urubanza rwaragiye rusubikwa basaba ko igihembo cya Avoka cyakwiyongera kikaba 1.500.000Frw. [17] Torero Boniface n’umwunganira bavuga ko amafaranga Twagiramungu Vincent asaba nta shingiro afite kuko ntacyo bamurega muri uru rubanza, ko kuba yararujemo byatewe n’uburyo ikirego cyatanzwe, ko rero Urukiko arirwo rukwiye gusuzuma niba yahabwa igihembo cya Avoka asaba. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [18] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 28/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [19] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Torero Boniface yarajuriye muri uru Rukiko byaratumye Twagiramungu Vincent ashaka Avoka wo kumwunganira kuko atemerewe kwiburanira muri uru

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Rukiko, akaba kandi hari ibyo yatakaje akurikirana uru rubanza cyane ko rwagiye rusubikwa kubera ko Torero Boniface atari yakabonye Avoka wo kumwunganira; bityo mu bushizozi bwarwo rugeneye Twagiramungu Vincent ibihumbi magana atanu y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, agomba gutangwa na Torero Boniface. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cy’ubujurire cya Torero Boniface yatanzwe na Twagiramungu Vincent ifite ishingiro. [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Torero Boniface butakiriwe, kuko urubanza ajuririra rutajuririrwa. [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Twagiramungu Vincent bufite ishingiro. [23] Rutegetse Torero Boniface kwishyura Twagiramungu Vincent ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego.