UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TUMUSIME

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TUMUSIME

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00102/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TUMUSIME [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00102/2024/CA (Mukandamage P.J.) 21 Werurwe 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Gusaba kugabanyirizwa Igihano – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’Ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranye Tumusime mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bumurega icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa N. P. w’imyaka icyenda (9) y’amavuko, uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha nubwo bwose mu nzego z’iperereza yari yacyemeye. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Tumusime yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, harimo imvugo ze mu iperereza yemera icyaha, ndetse n’ubuhamya bunyuranye, maze rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere yahawe igihano kiremereye, ko noneho yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano cya burundu yahawe. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko kwemera icyaha akoreye mu bujurire kutamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ariko rushingiye kuzindi mpamvu zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, kuba nta kigaragaza ko yari asanzwe afite imyitwarire mibi, kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka mbi cyateje nk’uko byagaragajwe na raporo ya Muganga, no kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu myaka y’ubusore, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16). Uregwa nanone yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, agasaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa kuko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa. Ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 49 n’iya 59 z’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange no ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00360/2022/CA ugaragaza ko ntacyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rwabanje kitaragabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije ndetse ko hanitabwa ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha no kuba abana n’ubumuga. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko kwemera icyaha Tumusime yakoreye mu bujurire kutahabwa agaciro kuko ukwemera icyaha kugira agaciro gashobora gutuma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano ari ugukozwe byibura mbere y’uko iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere ripfundikirwa. Buvuga kandi ko yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije hakurikijwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka icyenda (9) y’amavuko, bityo igihano yahawe kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa.

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Incamake y’Icyemezo: Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko Yashingiweho: Inginyo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 49. Imanza z’Ifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Uwizeyimana Aloys, RPAA 00035/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025. Ubushinjacyaha vs Nyarwenda Jean Pierre, RPAA 00418/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/03/2024. Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana alias Sankara, RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza Imiterere y’Urubanza [1] Ku wa 01/12/2020, Tumusime yarezwe mu Bugenzacyaha icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa N. P. w’imyaka icyenda (9) y’amavuko, bivugwa ko ku wa 30/11/2020, ubwo bari baryamye ku buriri bumwe yamusambanyije, maze mukuru w’uwo mwana arabibona, bucyeye abibwira ababyeyi babo, babajije umwana arabyemera. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare burega Tumusime icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko ibyo yemeye mbere yabitewe n’uko yakubitwaga n’umubyeyi w’umwana. [4] Mu rubanza n° RP 01589/2020/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 12/01/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Uregwa yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, harimo imvugo ze mu iperereza yemera icyaha, ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Habineza Eric n’ubwatanzwe na Mukarubega Josélyne, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu.

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[5] Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere yahawe igihano kiremereye, ko noneho yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano cya burundu yahawe. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Tumusime nta shingiro bufite, kuko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare yaburanye ahakana icyaha. [6] Mu rubanza nº RPAA 00267/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 29/01/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze kwemera icyaha Tumusime akoreye mu bujurire kutamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ariko rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, kuba nta kigaragaza ko yari asanzwe afite imyitwarire mibi, kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka mbi cyateje nk’uko byagaragajwe na raporo ya Muganga, no kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu myaka y’ubusore, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16). [7] Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa n° RPAA 00102/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 03/03/2025, Uregwa yunganiwe na Me Rwenga Etienne, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Uregwa avuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, agasaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa kuko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Uregwa yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, harebwe ko icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana ari icyaha gikomeye, ko rero kitakongera kugabanywa. [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba igihano Uregwa yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa. II.ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA: Kumenya niba igihano Tumusime yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa [10] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwakomeje kumuhanisha igihano kirekire rwirengagije ko yemeye icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, agasaba n’imbabazi [11] Uregwa n’umwunganira bakomeza bavuga ko mu kumugabanyiriza igiahano hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 49 n’iya 59 z’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange no ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza nº RPAA 00360/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 23/11/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na SINDIKUBWABO Jean Marie Vianney, uvuga ko ntacyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rwabanje kitaragabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije, ubirebeye hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. [12] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga kandi ko kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, kandi abana n’ubumuga byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano, agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka umunani (8), cyane cyane ko yamaze kumenya ububi bw’icyaha yakoze kandi atazacyongera. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kwemera icyaha Uregwa yakoreye mu bujurire kutahabwa agaciro, kuko nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza nº RPA 00060/2021/CA

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rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, ukwemera icyaha kugira agaciro gashobora gutuma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano ni ugukozwe byibura mbere y’uko iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere ripfundikirwa, kudashidikanywaho, kuba uwemera agaragaza ko yumva uburemere bw’ibikorwa yemera n’ingaruka zabyo, abyicuza, abisabira imbabazi no kuba yiteguye gusubiza ibyo yangije uko abitegerejweho. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko bigaragara ko Tumusime yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije hakurikijwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka icyenda (9) y’amavuko, ndetse hashingiwe ko yagoye ubutabera akaburana ahakana icyaha avuga ko impamvu yacyemeye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha byatewe n’inkoni, agasanga rero igihano yahawe kitakongera kugabanywa.  Uko Urukiko rubibona [15] Ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza nº RPAA 00035/2024/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwizeyimana Aloys. [16] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Tumusime igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka icyenda (9) y’amavuko, urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo ku buryo icyo gihano cyagabanywa. [17] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, Tumusime aburana ku rwego rwa mbere yahakanye icyaha, avuga ko ibyo yemeye mu nzego z’iperereza yabitewe no kuba yarakubiswe, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rusanga hari ibimenyetso bikimuhamya, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Mu bujurire, Tumusime yemeye icyaha, avuga ko igihano yahawe kiremereye asaba ko cyagabanywa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rusanga kwemera icyaha mu bujurire bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano, ariko rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka mbi cyateje no ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku

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wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1, rumugabanyiriza igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16). [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Uregwa yarakoze icyaha gikomeye cyo gusambanya umwana muto cyane w’imyaka icyenda (9) y’amavuko, we afite imyaka mirongo itatu n’irindwi (37) y’amavuko, kandi mu manza rwaciye hari izakemuye ikibazo nk’ikiri muri uru rubanza, harimo urubanza nº RPAA 00418/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/03/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyarwenda Jean Pierre, wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) y’amavuko we afite imyaka mirongo ine n’ibiri (42) y’amavuko, maze hashingiwe ku kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha, ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera no ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agabanyirizwa igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’ibiri (22), aho kuba igifungo cya burundu. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rushingiye ku rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru, rurasanga Tumusime yaragabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, harebwe ko icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka icyenda (9) y’amavuko gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu2, kandi we ari umugabo mukuru. [20] Hashingiwe ku manza zatanze imirongo zavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Uregwa bugamije kugabanyisha igihano nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba kugumana agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Uregwa nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko urubanza n° RPA 00267/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 29/01/2024 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose ; [23] Rutegetse ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) Tumusime yahawe ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka icyenda (9) y’amavuko kigumyeho ; [24] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Tumusime yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.

1 Iyo ngingo iteganya ibikurikira: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15.” 2 Ingingo ya 14 (3) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, “Iyo gusambanya umwana byakorewe ku mwana uri munsi y’imyaka 14 igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu.