UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TURIKUMWE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TURIKUMWE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-11-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00256/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TURIKUMWE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00256/2021/CA (Gakwaya, P.J.) 22 Ugushyingo 2022] Amategeko nshinjabyaha – Ihame ryo kudasubira inyuma kw’itegeko – Irengayobora ry’ihame ryo kudasubira inyuma kw’itegeko (exception au principe de la non rétroactivité) – Itegeko risobanura irindi rifatwa nk’igice cy’itegeko risobanura ku buryo Urukiko rugomba kuryubahiriza, bivuze ko itegeko risobanura irindi risubira inyuma (effet rétroactif), rigakurizwa kuva umunsi itegeko ryasobanuwe ryatangarijwe mu Igazeti ya Leta). Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, uregwa akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo (kubika no kugurisha urumogi), ko iwe hafatiwe udupfunyika ibihumbi bitatu magana atanu na mirongo ine (3.540) tw’urumogi rwo kugurisha, arimo kurupakira mu mufuka. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rwemeza ko agomba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko akomeje gutakamba no gusaba imbabazi, kugira ngo agabanyirizwe igihano. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bw’uregwa nta shingiro bufite, rugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Uregwa yarongeye ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwamuhannye rushingiye ku Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryo mu mwaka wa 2018 no ku Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubuzima mu nshingano ze riryuzuza, kandi igihe yakoraga icyaha iryo teka ryari ritarasohoka, ko rero yagombaga guhanwa hashingiwe ku Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 2/5/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, asaba kandi ko yagabanyirizwa igihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko rero atavuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kitateganywaga n’itegeko mu gihe yakoraga icyaha, kuko Iteka rya Minisitiri no 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byaryo, n’ubwo ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta No 10 yo ku wa 11/3/2019, rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge, rigashyira urumogi mu biyobyabwenge bihambaye, ryo ridateganya ibihano, ko ahubwo risobanura gusa ibyiciro by’ibiyobyabwenge Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Itegeko risobanura irindi rifatwa nk’igice cy’itegeko risobanura ku buryo Urukiko rugomba kuryubahiriza, bivuze ko itegeko risobanura irindi risubira inyuma (effet rétroactif), rigakurizwa kuva umunsi itegeko ryasobanuwe ryatangarijwe mu Igazeti ya Leta. ( ikurikizwa ry’itegeko risobanura irindi ni irengayobora ry’ihame ryo kudasubira inyuma kw’itegeko(exception au principe de la non rétroactivité). Ubujurire bufite ishingiro ku bijyanye no

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gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano gusa. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya ngingo ya 49, 58,60 n’iya 263, igika cya nyuma. Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, Ingingo ya 9 Imanza zakoreshejwe: Ubushinjacyaha v. Twagirayezu, RPAA 00211/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw;Ubujurire ku wa 17/6/2022. Inyandiko z’abahanga: Nyabirungu mwene SONGA, Droit pénal général Zaïrois, Editions Droit et Société, DES, Kinshasa, 1989, P.45. ‘‘ Frédéric Desportes et Francis Le Gunehec, Droit pénal général, 14e édition, Economica, Paris, 2007, P. 272, Nº 329 Harald Renout, Droit pénal général, Paradigme, Orléans, 2005-2006, P.68. Merle et Vitu, Traité de droit criminel, in NYABIRUNGU mwene SONGA, idem, P. 65. Versailles, 1er déc. 1989 : Gaz. Pal. 1990, 2. Somm. 443, in Mégacode, Code civil, Dalloz, Paris, 1997-1998, P. 6. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo (kubika no kugurisha urumogi), busobanura ko ku wa 6/2/2019 mu rugo iwe hafatiwe udupfunyika ibihumbi bitatu magana atanu na mirongo ine (3.540) tw’urumogi rwo kugurisha, arimo kurupakira mu mufuka. [2] TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco yaburanye yemera icyaha, asobanura ko urwo rumogi yari yaruzaniwe n’umugore witwa WINIFRIDA utuye mu Murenge wa Jenda, arugura amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo inani (180.000 Frw), agamije kurugurisha kugira ngo abone inyungu, asaba imbabazi avuga ko atazongera kwishora mu biyobyabwenge.

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[3] Mu rubanza no RP 00104/2019/TGI/RBV rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu ku wa 14/2/2020, rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwe, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo MUGISHA Delphin, MUNEZERO Constantin na RWIBASIRA Juvénal bamufashe kandi bamushinja, ndetse hakaba hari n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika ibihumbi bitatu magana atanu na mirongo ine (3.540), rwemeje ko TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rwemeza ko agomba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [4] TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco ntiyishimye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko icyatumye ajurira ari ugukomeza gutakamba no gusaba imbabazi, kugira ngo agabanyirizwe igihano. [5] Mu rubanza no RPA 00147/2020/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 24/11/2020, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza no RP 00104/2019/TGI/RBV rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu ku wa 24/12/2019 igumyeho. [6] TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 7/12/2020, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwamuhannye rushingiye ku Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryo mu mwaka wa 2018 no ku Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubuzima mu nshingano ze riryuzuza, kandi igihe yakoraga icyaha iryo teka ryari ritarasohoka, ko rero yagombaga guhanwa hashingiwe ku Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 2/5/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, asaba kandi ko yagabanyirizwa igihano. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe ku wa 7/11/2022, TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco yunganirwa na Me RWAHAMA Zacharie, Ubushinjacyaha bwari buhagarariwe na UWANZIGA Lydia, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.. I. KIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco yarahanwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho igihe yakoraga icyaha [8] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire, Me MUHIRE Jean-Marie Eugène na TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco, yunganira, bavuga ko yahanwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho igihe yakoraga icyaha, kuko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 263 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yarimo icyuho cyangwa inenge ikomeye, kuko nta teka rigena ibyiciro by’ibiyobyabwenge ryariho, kandi ariryo ryagombaga kuzuza iyo ngingo, iryo Teka no 0001/MOH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rya Minisitiri ufite ubuzima mu nshingano ze, rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge, ryashyize urumogi mu biyobyabwenge bihambaye, rikaba ryaraje gutangazwa mu Igazeti ya Leta ku wa 11/3/2019, nyuma y’uko TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco akoze icyaha ku wa 6/2/2019.

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[9] Me MUHIRE Jean Marie Eugène na TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco bakomeza bavuga ko ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko amategeko ahana agomba gufatwa uko ateye, ko adashobora gukoreshwa ku buryo butandukira, Inkiko zikaba zibujijwe guca imanza ku buryo bugenekereje, naho ingingo ya 6 y’iryo Tegeko ikaba iteganya ko mu gihe hari amategeko ahana, rimwe ryariho mu gihe icyaha cyakorwaga, irindi ryaratangajwe nyuma y’uko icyaha gikorwa, ariko urubanza rutaracibwa burundu, itegeko rishya ariryo rikurikizwa iyo riteganya igihano cyoroheje, ko ariyo mpamvu basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko rwagenera TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco igihano hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 594, agace kayo ka 2, y’Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 2/5/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, kuko ariryo ryariho igihe yakoraga icyaha. Mu gihe cy’iburanisha, Me RWAHAMA Zacharie wunganiye TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco imbere y’Urukiko, yagarutse kuri ibyo bikubiye muri iyo myanzuro y’ubujurire. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco yahamwe n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, ahanwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 263, igika cyayo cya gatatu (3), y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ryatangiye gukurikizwa mbere y’uko akora icyaha ku wa 6/2/2019, ko rero atavuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kitateganywaga n’itegeko mu gihe yakoraga icyaha, kuko Iteka rya Minisitiri no 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byaryo, n’ubwo ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta no 10 yo ku wa 11/3/2019, rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge, rigashyira urumogi mu biyobyabwenge bihambaye, ryo ridateganya ibihano, ko ahubwo risobanura gusa ibyiciro by’ibiyobyabwenge. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya ngingo ya 263, igika cya nyuma, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko ‘‘ Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubuzima mu nshingano ze rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge bigize buri cyiciro’’. [12] Ingingo ya 9 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo iteganya ko ‘‘Iri teka ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda’’. [13] Umugereka wa I w’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, ugaragaza ko urumogi ruri ku cyiciro cya mbere kirebana n’ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye. [14] Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira, ku wa 7/2/2019, TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco yafatanywe udupfunyika ibihumbi bitatu magana atanu na mirongo ine (3.540) tw’urumogi. [15] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu gace ka karindwi (7) k’urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, rwifashishije ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu (3), y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, rwanzura ko ibyo iteganya bihura n’ibikorwa TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco yakoze byo gucuruza urumogi, rwemeza ko agomba guhanwa mu buryo buteganywa n’iyo ngingo, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25).

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[16] Nk’uko kandi bigaragara mu gace ka cyenda (9) k’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwemeje ko nta kosa Urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere rwakoze, rushingira ku Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange mu guhana TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco, kuko ryasohotse mu mwaka wa 2018, icyaha gikorwa mu mwaka wa 2019. Rusobanura ko kuba harifashishijwe Iteka rya Minisitiri rishyira ibiyobyabwenge mu byiciro, ryasohotse icyaha cyaramaze gukorwa, na byo nta kosa ririmo kuko nta ho bibujijwe mu mategeko, cyane cyane ko iri Teka rya Minisitiri nta cyo ryavuze ku bihano. [17] Hagendewe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga itariki ya 6/2/2019, TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco yafatiweho afite iwe mu rugo, urumogi rwo gucuruza, ari nyuma y’uko Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rigiriyeho, kandi rihana ibyo bikorwa bye mu ngingo ya 263, igika cyayo cya 3, bikaba byari biteganyijwe ko urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge bigize buri cyiciro bizashyirwaho n’Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubuzima mu nshingano ze. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko bigaragazwa n’Igazeti ya Leta nº 10 yo ku wa 11/3/2019, Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo ryatangajwe ku wa 11/3/2019, kandi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo yaryo ya cyenda (9), ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga muri kamere yaryo, Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo ari itegeko risobanura irindi, ryaje gusobanura ibyateganyijwe mu ngingo ya 263 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ryerekana neza ibyitwa ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye, ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje, rikaba ryarashyizweho hakurikijwe ibivugwa mu gika cya nyuma cy’ingingo ya 263 ryavuzwe haruguru. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga itegeko risobanura irindi rifatwa nk’igice cy’itegeko risobanura1 ku buryo Urukiko rugomba kuryubahiriza, bivuze ko itegeko risobanura irindi risubira inyuma (effet rétroactif)2, rigakurizwa kuva umunsi itegeko ryasobanuwe ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta3 , n’ubwo ryaba rikomeye cyangwa ryoroheje4. Ibi bisobanura rero ko ikurikizwa ry’itegeko 1 ’’Interprétation postérieure, lorsqu’après la promulgation de la loi et à l’occasion des difficultés qu’elle soulève, une nouvelle loi vient préciser son sens et sa portée. La loi interprétative s’impose au juge et est considérée comme faisant partie intégrante de la loi qu’elle interprète’’, NYABIRUNGU mwene SONGA, Droit pénal général Zaïrois, Editions Droit et Société, DES, Kinshasa, 1989, P.45. ‘‘Les lois interprétatives ont pour objet de préciser la signification de telle ou telle disposition d’une loi antérieure sans en modifier le contenu’’, Frédéric Desportes et Francis Le Gunehec, Droit pénal général, 14e édition, Economica, Paris, 2007, P. 272, nº 329 2 ‘’ Ces lois rétroagissent dans la mesure où, faisant corps avec la loi interprétée, elles ont le même champ d’application dans le temps’’, Frédéric Desportes et Francis Le Gunehec, idem. 3 Les lois interprétatives ont le même champ d’appliction que la loi interprétée. La loi interprétative rétroagit donc la mesure où la nouvelle interprétation s’applique aux faits commis entre l’entrée en vigueur de la loi interprétée et l’entrée en vigueur de la loi interprétative’’, Harald Renout, Droit pénal général, Paradigme, Orléans, 2005-2006, P.68

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risobanura irindi ari irengayobora ry’ihame ryo kudasubira inyuma (exception au principe de la non rétroactivité). [21] Uretse n’ibyo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu gihe Umushingamategeko yavuze mu gika cya nyuma cy’ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ko Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubuzima mu nshingano ze rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge bigize buri cyiciro, byumvikanisha nta shiti ko yaragaraje ubushake bwe bwo kugira Iteka rya Minisitiri itegeko risobanura neza ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 263, ku buryo ibisobanuro byatanzwe mu Iteka rya Minisitiri bigize nabyo ibiteganywa muri iyo ngingo, kandi bitangira gukurikizwa kuva umunsi Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, bikaba bigomba gukoreshwa mu manza

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zose zirebana n’ibyaha byakozwe kuva Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryatangajwe mu

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Igazeti ya Leta y’u Rwanda, zitabaye ndakuka5. [22] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru, nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza n° RPAA 00031/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/10/2021, hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na BAHATI Françoise, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta ngaruka kubw’amategeko kuba ingingo ya 9 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, iteganya ko iri Teka itangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, kuko muri kamere yaryo, ryaje gusobanura no kuzuza ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 263 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ryatangiye gukurikizwa ku wa 27/9/2018. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ibivugwa na TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco ko yahanwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho igihe yakoraga icyaha, nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko itegeko avuga ryaje nyuma ari Iteka risobanura Itegeko ryariho kandi ryateganyaga, rikanahana ibikorwa yakoze byo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kandi nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, iryo Teka rya Minisitiri ritangira gukurikizwa igihe itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano ryagiriyeho ku wa 27/9/2018. [24] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu guhana TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco, nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwakoze rugumishaho icyemezo cyari cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, cyo gushingira ku ngingo ya 263 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, no ku biteganywa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 naryo ryavuzwe haruguru no ku mugereka w’iryo Teka rya Minisitiri, bityo iyi ngingo y’ubujurire bwa TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco nta shingiro ifite. Kumenya niba TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [25] TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco avuga ko mu gihe cyose yaburanye imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, yakomeje kwemera icyaha, arakicuza kandi agaragaza ko atazasubira mu bikorwa bifitanye isano n’urumogi, ariko ko urwo Rukiko rutahaye agaciro iyo mpamvu ye nyoroshyacyaha, ko ariyo mpamvu asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire guca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano, kuko bishoboka, nk’uko byanatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza n° RS/INCOSNT/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 4/12/2019, aho rwasanze isuzuma ry’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha n’ibihano, bigomba gukurikiza amahame y’ubutabera buboneye nk’uko ateganywa mu ngingo ya 49 igika cyayo cya mbere, y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kandi ayo mahame akaba yarasubiwemo mu rubanza n° RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NZAFASHWANIMANA Jean de Dieu. Ko rero nawe akomeje kwemera icyaha cyo kuba yaraguye mu mutego w’ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, akaba abisabira imbabazi, ndetse yiyemeje guhinduka. [26] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco adakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, kuko ibyo asaba yabihawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, aho ubusanzwe icyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza urumogi, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 263 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yagombaga guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya

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burundu, nyamara kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, akaba yaragabanyirijwe igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [27] Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’. [28] Ingingo ya 58, igika cya mbere (1), y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Umucamanza ubwe ariwe we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro’’.

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[29] Ingingo ya 60, agace ka mbere, y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ‘’ Iyo hari impamvu zigabanya ububi bw’icyaha, haseguriwe ibiteganywa mu ingingo ya 107, igihano cyo gufungwa burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25)’’. [30] Ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ‘‘Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha’’. Agace ka mbere k’igika cya gatatu (3) cy’iyo ngingo ya 263 gateganya ko ‘‘Iyo abihamijwe n’Urukiko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye’’. [31] Imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, mu gace karwo karindwi (7) na ka munani (8), igaragaza ko rwashingiye ku Iteka rya Minisitiri n˚001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, rusobanura ko urumogi ruri ku rutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco akaba yaragombaga guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) nk’uko ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu (3) y’Itegeko n˚68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mu gace kayo ka mbere ibiteganya, ko ariko kuva agifatwa kugeza aburana imbere y’Urukiko yemeye icyaha, rumugabanyiriza igihano nk’uko biteganywa ngingo ya 59 n’iya 60 z’itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, rwemeza ko agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [32] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gace ka karindwi (7) k’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwemeje ko rutakongera kugabanyiriza TURIMUKWE Jean Bosco igihano, kuko yamaze kubihabwa ku rwego rwa mbere, ko kandi igihano yahawe ari gitoya ugereranyije n’icyaha yakoze cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. [33] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rutari kwanga kugabanyiriza TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco igihano, rushingiye ku kuba yarabikorewe ku rwego rwa mbere, kandi akaba yarahawe igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, ahubwo rwagombaga kugaragaza ko icyo gihano yahawe gihwanye n’icyaha yakoze, kuko ishingano y’Umucamanza ari uguha uwahamwe n’icyaha igihano gikwiye, kandi gihuje n’imigendekere y’icyaha cyakozwe (principe de la proportionnalité des peines à l’infraction), ari nako byemejwe mu rubanza n° RPAA 00211/2021/CA, hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na TWAGIRAYEZU Innocent, rwaciwe ku wa 17/6/2022. 4 ‘’Les interprétatives, qu’elles aggravent ou adoucissent le sort du prévenu, rétroagissent toujours, car elles sont onsidérées comme faisant corps avec la loi interprétée, et celle-ci est réputée avoir eu dès l’origine le sens défini par la loi interprétative, Merle et Vitu, Traité de droit criminel, in NYABIRUNGU mwene SONGA, idem, P. 65. 5 ‘’ Une loi nouvelle qui ne fait que préciser et expliquer le sens obscur et contesté d’un texte déjà existant est une loi interprétative et doit dès lors s’appliquer à toutes les instances en cours’’, Versailles, 1er déc. 1989 : Gaz. Pal. 1990, 2. Somm. 443, in Mégacode, Code civil, Dalloz, Paris, 1997-1998, P. 6

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[34] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, hashingiwe kubimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, no ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 nayo yavuzwe haruguru, uburemere n’ingaruka icyaha TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco yahamijwe, cyateye, ari byinshi, hanarebewe cyane cyane ku ngano y’urumogi rwinshi, udupfunyika ibihumbi bitatu magana atanu na mirongo ine (3.540) yari afite kandi acuruza, byumvikanisha n’umubare munini w’abantu ibyo biyobyabwenge byangiza, cyakora na none kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha, akaba agaragaza kwicuza no kutazongera kugwa mu biyobyabwenge, kandi akaba atarigeze na rimwe ashaka kurushya inkiko ahakana icyaha aregwa, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe, mu bushishozi bw’uru Rukiko, rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw) ari cyo gikwiranye n’uburyo ikorwa ry’icyaha ryagenze, bityo TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco akaba agomba kugabanyirizwa igihano yari yahawe ku birebana n’igihano, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw). [35] Kubera izo mpamvu zose zimaze kugaragazwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco bufite ishingiro ku bijyanye no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, urubanza yajuririye rukaba ruhindutse ku bijyanye nacyo. II. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [36] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco bufite ishingiro ku bijyanye no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano gusa. [37] Rwemeje ko urubanza n° RPA 00147/2019/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 24/11/2020, ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano. [38] Rwemeje ko TURIKUMWE Jean Bosco ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni ’icumi (10.000.000 Frw). [39] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta