UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TUYISHIMIRE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TUYISHIMIRE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00832/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TUYISHIMIRE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00832/2024/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) 17 Mata 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ingaruka ku ikurikiranacyaha mu gihe uregwa apfuye urubanza rutaraburanishwa – Mu gihe uregwa apfuye nyuma y’uko urubanza rujuririwe, Urukiko rwajuririwe rugomba kuvuga gusa ko habayeho ubuzime bw’ikurikiranacyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cy’ubwicanyi nyuma yuko atemye nyirakuru witwaga Tigubagwa Francine mu nda no mu mutwe anamuca akaboko akoresheje umuhoro, hanyuma arapfa. Nyuma y’iperereza bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Tuyishimire ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Tuyishimire yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko atigeze agora ubutabera kuko yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi kuva mu Bugenzacyaha, no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha, anasaba guhabwa isubikagihano kugira ngo ashobore kujya kwivuza uburwayi afite. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko igihano igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe kidakwiriye kugabanywa kuko igihe cyose hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha umucamanza adategetswe kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano; ndetse rwemeza ko adasubikirwa icyo gihano kuko bidashoboka. Tuyishimire yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, mu iburanisha ry’urwo rubanza Urukiko rumenyesha ababuranyi ko Igororero rya Rwamagana ryanditse muri IECMS rimenyesha ko Tuyishimire yapfuye. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo Kumenya ingaruka mu rwego rw’amategeko, zituruka ku kuba Tuyishimire bita Gihayima yarapfuye ubujurire yari yatanze muri uru Rukiko butaraburanishwa, ababuranyi bombi,yaba uwunganiraga uregwa ndetse n’Ubushinjacyaha bahuriza kukuba urupfu rwa Tuyishimire rwarashyize iherezo ku rubanza rwe, ko ikirego cy’ikurikiranacyaha cyazimye kubera urupfu. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gihe uregwa apfuye nyuma y’uko urubanza rujuririwe, Urukiko rwajuririwe rugomba kuvuga gusa ko habayeho ubuzime bw’ikurikiranacyaha. Habayeho ubuzime bw’Ikurikiranacyaha ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi Tuyishimire yari akurikiranyweho kuko yapfuye. Nta mategeko yashingiweho

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00272/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Bayavuge Omar rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/06/2022; RPAA 00177/2022/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Rusasura Uzziel rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 07/03/2024; RS/REV/RP 00004/2022/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Uwiringiye Franco rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/04/2024; RPAA 00076/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Ngabonziza Richard rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/11/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 31/08/2020 Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima ari mu Mudugudu wa Kamuhabura, Akagari ka Rubimba, Umurenge wa Kabare, Akarere ka Kayonza mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, yatemye nyirakuru witwaga Tigubagwa Francine mu nda no mu mutwe anamuca akaboko akoresheje umuhoro, hanyuma arapfa. [2] Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yahise afatwa arafungwa, iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa cy’igifungo cya burundu, aburana yemera icyaha. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00808/2020/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 06/01/2021 rwemeje ko Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima ahamwa n’icyaha ashinjwa cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu; ibyo rwabyemeje rushingiye ku kuba yemera icyaha no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya (Muterazina Justine na Murigande François) bakimushinja. [4] Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko atigeze agora ubutabera kuko yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi kuva mu Bugenzacyaha, no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha, anasaba guhabwa isubikagihano kugira ngo ashobore kujya kwivuza uburwayi afite. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00360/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuwa 11/10/2024, rwemeje ko hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yakoze cyo kwica nyirakuru n’ubugome yagikoranye, igihano igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe kidakwiriye kugabanywa kuko igihe cyose hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha umucamanza adategetswe kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano; Urukiko kandi rwemeje kandi ko isubikagihano Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yasabye atarihabwa kuko igihano yahanishijwe kidashobora gusubikwa. [6] Kuwa 21/10/2024 Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyayaha avuga ko zititaweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana; urubanza rwahawe RPAA

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01091/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 03/04/2025 hitabye Me Nyiramatama Bernadette wagenwe ngo yunganire Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima naho uyu atitabye, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [7] Urukiko rwamenyesheje ababuranyi ko Ubuyobozi bw’Igororero rya Rwamagana Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yari afungiyemo bwatanze amakuru muri system ya IECMS ko uyu yapfuye, Me Nyiramatama Bernadette n’uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha bavuga ko nabo ayo makuru bayamenye, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yongeraho ko ubwo habayeho izima ry’ikurikiranacyaha. [8] Urukiko rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya ingaruka, mu rwego rw’amategeko, zituruka ku kuba Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yarapfuye ubujurire yari yatanze muri uru Rukiko butaraburanishwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’ IKIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya ingaruka mu rwego rw’amategeko, zituruka ku kuba Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yarapfuye ubujurire yari yatanze muri uru Rukiko butaraburanishwa. [9] Me Nyiramatama Bernadette wari wagenwe ngo yunganire Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima avuga ko nta kindi yarenza ku rubanza kuko urupfu rw’uwo yunganiraga rwashyize iherezo ku rubanza rwe. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 5, igika cya mbere, agace ka 1º, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ikirego cy’ikurikiranacyaha ku bireba Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima cyazimye kuko yapfuye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya ingaruka mu rwego rw’amategeko, zituruka ku kuba Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yarapfuye ubujurire yari yatanze muri uru Rukiko butaraburanishwa [12] Ikibazo gisa n’iki cyasuzumwe mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, zihuriza ku murongo w’uko mu gihe uregwa apfuye nyuma y’uko urubanza rujuririwe, urukiko rwajuririwe rugomba kuvuga gusa ko habayeho ubuzime bw’ikurikiranacyaha1(reba nk’urubanza

1 Uyu murongo ushingiye ku ngingo ya 5, igika cya mbere, agace ka 1º, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko ikirego cy’ikurikiranacyaha kizima iyo uwakoze icyaha apfuye, no ku bisobanuro bitangwa n’abahanga mu mategeko bavuga ko ikirego cy’ikurikiranacyaha kizima kubera urupfu rw’uregwa, cyaba cyaratanzwe cyangwa kitaratangwa; ibi bikaba bituruka ku ihame ry’uko hahanwa uwakoze icyaha, bityo bikaba bibujijwe gukurikirana uregwa utakiriho cyangwa kuryoza icyaha abazungura; ko rero mu gihe uregwa apfuye nyuma y’uko urubanza rujuririwe, Urukiko rugomba kuvuga gusa ko habayeho ubuzime bw’ikurikiranacyaha (Michel FRANCHIMONT, Ann JACOBS et

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RPAA 00272/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 02/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bayavuge Omar (igika cya 10), urubanza RPAA 00177/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 07/03/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rusasura Uzziel (igika cya 10), urubanza RS/REV/RP 00004/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwiringiye Franco (igika cya 15), n’urubanza RPAA 00076/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/11/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngabonziza Richard (ibika bya 14-15). [13] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, muri dosiye harimo icyemezo cy’uwapfuye (Certificate de décès) Urukiko rwashyikirijwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, cyatanzwe na Dr Nyirahabimana Olive ukorera mu Bitaro bya Rwamagana (mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba) ku wa 03/04/2025 cyemeza ko Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yagejejwe muri ibyo bitaro ku wa 25/03/2025 yamaze gupfa; system ya IECMS kandi igaragaza ko dosiye ya Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima mu Igororero rya Rwamagana yari afungiyemo yafunzwe ku mpamvu y’uko yapfuye. [14] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku bimaze kugaragazwa mu gika kibanziriza iki no ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru (mu gika cya 12 cy’uru rubanza) watanzwe mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko kukibazo gisa n’iki, rurasanga harabayeho ubuzime bw’ikurikiranacyaha ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yari akurikiranyweho muri urubanza kubera ko yapfuye. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [15] Rwemeje ko habayeho ubuzime bw’ikurikiranacyaha ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi Tuyishimire Valens bita Gihayima yari akurikiranyweho mu rubanza RPAA 01091/2024/CA kuko yapfuye. [16] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.

Adrien MASSET, Manuel de Procédure Pénale, Collection de la Faculté de droit de l’Université de Liège, 4ème Edition, Editions Larcier, Bruxelles, 2012, p.100: “L’action publique s’éteint par le décès de l’inculpé ou du prévenu, qu’elle ait ou non été intentée. La règle est dictée par le principe de la personnalité des peines qui interdit de poursuivre un délinquant défunt ou d’intenter un procès pénal à ses héritiers (…). Si une voie de recours était exercée avant le décès, la juridiction saisie par celle-ci devrait se borner à constater l’extinction de l’action publique”).