UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TUYIZERE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TUYIZERE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-27 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00317/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TUYIZERE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00317/2024/CA (Tugireyezu, P.J.,) 27 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Abaregwa ntibakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba baragabanyirijwe bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Tuyizere Mustafa, Shukrani Patient na Munyangabe Gerard bafatanywe urumogi, udupfunyika 18.800 dupfunyitse mu bipfunyika 18 buri gipfunyika gifite udupfunyika 1000 tw’urumogi, maze batangira gukurikiranwa n’inzego z’Iperereza. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bukurikiranyeho Munyangabe Gerard, Shukran Patient na Tuyizere Mustafa icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bunasaba ko bahamwa n’icyo cyaha, bagahanishwa buri wese igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Bose baburanye bahakana icyaha. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko SHUKRAN Patient na Tuyizere Mustafa bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ariko kuko aribwo bwa mbere bari bakoze icyaha kandi Tuyizere Mustafa akaba atararuhije ubutabera, rwabagabanyirije igihano ruhanisha buri wese igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ingana na 21.000.000Frw. Tuyizere Mustafa ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi yaremeye icyaha mu Rukiko rubanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ukwemera icyaha kwe kutashingirwaho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yaraburanye atemera icyaha, ariko hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere Tuyizere Mustafa akurikiranyweho icyaha no kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana, kuko yari afite imyaka 19 y’ubukure rwasanze akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu n’ibihumbi ijana (5.100.000 Frw). Tuyizere Mustafa ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire ugereranyije n’ibihano byahawe abandi bakoze icyaha nk’icye, asaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibisabwa na Tuyizere Mustafa nta shingiro byahabwa kuko igihano yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha yahamijwe. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.100.000 Frw Tuyizere Mustafa yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kigomba kugumaho kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije.

## Page 2

Incamake y’icyemezo: Abaregwa ntibakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba baragabanyirijwe bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

Amategeko yashingiweho: n’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano, Imanza zifashishijwe: rubanza RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe ku wa 17/06/2011, haburana Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 29/08/2019 ishami rya police rishinzwe kurwanya, gukumira no gufata ibiyobyabwenge ryitwa ANU ryabonye urumogi mu modoka y’ikamyo truck Mercedes Benz ifite plate RAC 835Z ikurura imodoka RL0901 iri ahitwa mu Mudugudu w’Ubumanzi, Akagari ka Rugenge, Umurenge wa Muhima, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Umujyi wa Kigali; bayisangamo urumogi udupfunyika 18.800 dupfunyitse mu bipfunyika 18 buri gipfunyika gifite udupfunyika 1000 tw’urumogi ruri mu gasanduku kari mu modoka mu kizuru imbere. Uwitwa Tuyizere Mustafa yemeye ko urumogi ari urwe, ko yaruhishe aho bashyira ibikoresho (tool box) yo muri iyo modoka akoraho akazi k’ubutandiboyi, maze abari muri iyo modoka aribo Tuyizere Mustafa tandiboyi, SHUKRANI Patient tandiboyi mushya n’umushoferi wayo witwa Munyangabe Gerard batangira gukurikiranwa n’inzego z’Iperereza. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bukurikiranyeho Munyangabe Gerard, SHUKRAN Patient na Tuyizere Mustafa icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bunasaba ko bahamwa n’icyo cyaha, bagahanishwa buri wese igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [3] Tuyizere Mustafa, SHUKRAN Patient na Munyangabe Gerard baburanye bahakana icyaha. [4] Mu rubanza RP 001612/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 22/06/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko abaregwa bakoze icyaha, birimo: - Imvugo Tuyizere Mustafa na SHUKRAN Patient bavugiye mu nzego z’iperereza, aho bemeye ko urumogi ari urwabo kandi ko atari ubwa mbere baruzanye;

## Page 3

- Kuba SHUKRAN Patient yarafatiwe ku modoka yari irimo urumogi, kandi akaba ashinjwa icyaha na Tuyizere Mustafa; - Kuba nta bimenyetso bitangwa n’Ubushinjacyaha byemeza ko Munyangabe Gerard byanga bikunda yari azi ko urwo rumogi ruri mu modoka ye. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko SHUKRAN Patient na Tuyizere Mustafa bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ariko kuko aribwo bwa mbere bari bakoze icyaha kandi Tuyizere Mustafa akaba atararuhije ubutabera, rwabagabanyirije igihano ruhanisha buri wese igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ingana na 21.000.000Frw. [5] Tuyizere Mustafa ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi yaremeye icyaha mu Rukiko rubanza, asobanura ko urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwo kunywa, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, avuga ko n’ubwo hari umwanzuro yohereje mbere uhakana icyaha ariko kuva yafatwa yemeraga icyaha, asaba ko ari byo bishingirwaho. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko ibyo Tuyizere Mustafa avuga ko yahawe ibihano birebire atari byo, ko basanga ibihano yahawe bihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze bwo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byinshi kandi anabivanye mu kindi gihugu, ndetse ko yaburanye ahakana icyaha, akaba ari cyo cyatumye urukiko rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n'imwe (21.000.000 Frw), bityo ko atagabanyirizwa ibihano, ko kandi urukiko rubibonye ukundi rwashingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko rishya rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, igihano yahabwa ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00782/2020/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 11/03/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ukwemera icyaha kwe kutashingirwaho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yaraburanye atemera icyaha kuko yavugaga ko urumogi yafatanywe ari urw’umushoferi wari utwaye imodoka barimo, ko ariwe wamusabye ngo aze kwemera ko ari urwe, ko azamufasha, ariko hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere Tuyizere Mustafa akurikiranyweho icyaha no kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana, kuko yari afite imyaka 19 y’ubukure rwasanze akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu n’ibihumbi ijana (5.100.000 Frw). [8] Tuyizere Mustafa ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00317/2024/CA, iburanishwa rishyirwa ku wa 07/01/2025, Tuyizere Mustafa yunganiwe na Me Umugwaneza Diane naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire yabo, Tuyizere Mustafa n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire ugereranyije n’ibihano byahawe abandi bakoze icyaha nk’icye, asaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa. Basaba ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingirwa ku rubanza RPAA 00032/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana, urubanza RPAA 00013/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 31/12/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habiyakare Olivier ndetse n’urubanza RPAA 00384/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2021, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nsengiyaremye.

## Page 4

[10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibisabwa na Tuyizere Mustafa n’umwunganira nta shingiro byahabwa kuko igihano yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha yahamijwe nyuma yo kugabanyirizwa igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (a&d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asobanura ko ikibazo cyo kumenya aho urukiko rwageza rugabanya igihano cyakemuwe mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza RPAA 00387/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rusanganwa Sylvestre , ko iyo ngingo ya 2 imaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, ari yo igomba gushingirwaho mu kugena aho urukiko rwageza rugabanya igihano, aho gushingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC n’urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA kimwe n’izindi manza zagendeye muri uyu murongo ngo kuko izo manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusanga, kandi iyi ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’iyo ngingo ya 2 imaze kuvugwa, bityo ubujurire bwa Tuyizere Moustapha akaba nta shingiro bukwiye guhabwa. [12] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari icyo: “kumenya niba igihano Tuyizere Mustafa yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa”. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA 1.Kumenya niba igihano Tuyizere Mustafa yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa [13] Tuyizere Mustafa n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire ugereranyije n’ibihano byahawe abandi bakoze icyaha nk’icye, asaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa. Basaba ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingirwa ku rubanza RPAA 00032/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana, urubanza RPAA 00013/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 31/12/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habiyakare Olivier ndetse n’urubanza RPAA 00384/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2021, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nsengiyaremye. [14] ;Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibisabwa na Tuyizere Mustafa n’umwunganira nta shingiro byahabwa kuko igihano yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha yahamijwe nyuma yo kugabanyirizwa igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (a&d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asobanura ko ikibazo cyo kumenya aho urukiko rwageza rugabanya igihano cyakemuwe mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza RPAA 00387/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rusanganwa Sylvestre, ko iyo ngingo ya 2 imaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, ari yo igomba gushingirwaho mu kugena aho urukiko rwageza rugabanya igihano, aho gushingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC n’urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA kimwe n’izindi manza zagendeye muri uyu murongo ngo kuko izo manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusanga, kandi iyi ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’iyo ngingo ya 2 imaze kuvugwa, bityo ubujurire bwa Tuyizere Moustapha akaba nta shingiro bukwiye guhabwa.

## Page 5

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Hakurikijwe ibivugwa n’ababuranyi, Urukiko rurasanga impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Tuyizere Mustafa atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije. [17] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije cyafashweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1, mu rubanza RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe ku wa 17/06/2011, haburana Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, igika cya 6, ndetse n’uru Rukiko2. Muri izo manza, izo nkiko zasobanuye ko abaregwa badakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba baragabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere. [18] Dosiye igaragaza ko Tuyizere Mustafa yafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi 18800, kuva agifatwa yemeye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza anagisabira imbabazi ku buryo budashidikanywaho ariko ageze mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere aragihakana. Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RPA 00782/2020/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 11/03/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ukwemera icyaha kwe kutashingirwaho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yaraburanye atemera icyaha kuko yavugaga ko urumogi yafatanywe ari urw’umushoferi wari utwaye imodoka barimo, ko ariwe wamusabye ngo aze kwemera ko ari urwe azamufasha, ariko hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere Tuyizere Mustafa akurikiranyweho icyaha no kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana, kuko yari afite imyaka 19 y’ubukure no ku biteganywa n’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, aho mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 (a) iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho (d) ikavuga ko igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, rwasanze Tuyizere Mustafa akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu n’ibihumbi ijana (5.100.000 Frw). [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, kuba Tuyizere Mustafa yaragabanyirijwe igihano n’Urukiko Rukuru rukamuvana ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu ingana na 21.000.000 Frw yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rukamuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.100.000 Frw, icyo gihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru gikwiriye ugereranije n’uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aho yafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi 18800 kuko, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2, igika cya (a) na (d), y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rivuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, icyo gihano aricyo gito gishoboka giteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Ibyo byumvikanisha rero ko yagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije bityo icyo gihano kikaba kidashobora kongera kugabanywa.

1 Reba urubanza RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/06/2011, haburana Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, igika cya 6

2 Reba urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rusesabagina Paul na bagenzi be, urupapuro rwa 91, igika cya 264

## Page 6

[20] Ku birebana n’ibivugwa na Tuyizere Mustafa n’umwunganira ko yagabanyiriza igihano kikajya munsi y’igiteganywa n’amategeko hashingiwe ku rubanza RPAA 00032/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana, urubanza RPAA 00013/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 31/12/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habiyakare Olivier ndetse n’urubanza RPAA 00384/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2021, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nsengiyaremye, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga izo manza zitakwifashishwa nk’uko babisaba kuko iyo mirongo bitsitsaho yagiyeho hashingiwe ku itegeko ryo muri 2018 ryavuyeho/ryahinduwe ryemereraga umucamanza kugabanya kugera munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko kandi nyamara mu gihe uru rubanza rwacibwaga mu Rukiko Rukuru hari hariho Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ribuza umucamanza kugabanya igihano ngo kive kuri burundu kijye munsi y’igihano cy’imyaka 15, bityo rero iyo mirongo yari yarafashwe n’Inkiko yemereraga umucamanza kugabanya kugera munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko ikaba itashingirwaho ahubwo hagomba kurebwa ibiteganywa n’itegko nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagaragaje ko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe unyuranyije n’itegeko rishya3. [21] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, igika cya a na d, y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.100.000 Frw Tuyizere Mustafa yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ashobora guhabwa mu gihe agabanyirijwe, bityo kigomba kugumaho kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Tuyizere Mustafa nta shingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00782/2020/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 11/03/2024 idahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [24] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu n’ibihumbi ijana (5.100.000 Frw) Tuyizere Mustafa yahanishijwe mbere kigumyeho; [25] Ruvuze ko Tuyizere Mustafa asonewe amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

3 Reba igika cyarwo cya 26 cy’urubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana