TWAGIRAMUNGU vs AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd [

# TWAGIRAMUNGU vs AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd [

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2020-11-20 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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TWAGIRAMUNGU vs AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/CA – (Mukandamage, P.J., Ngagi na Kamere, J.) 20 Ugushyingo 2020] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’umurimo – Umushahara – Amafaranga y’icumbi n’ay’ingendo – Amafaranga y'icumbi n'ay'ingendo ntabwo atandukanywa n’ibindi bigize umushahara kuko yose agize igihembo cy’umukozi gihwanye n’akazi aba yakoreye umukoresha, ikirego cyayo gisazira hamwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, Twagiramungu arega AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd, asaba gusubizwa amafaranga yakaswe ku mushahara w’ukwezi kwa mbere, ukwa kabiri, n’ukwa gatatu mu mwaka wa 2007, kimwe n’amafaranga y’icumbi n’ay’ingendo nayo yakaswe mu gihe cy’amezi 60 uhereye mu mwaka wa 2007 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2011, yose hamwe angana na 1.950.000 Frw; asaba n’inyungu zayo. Mu kirego cye kandi avuga ko umukoresha atamutangiye amafaranga y’ubwiteganyirize mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu. Kuri urwo rwego, AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd yatanze inzitizi isaba ko ikirego kitakirwa kubera ko habaye ubuzime bwacyo (prescription). Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwemeje ko amafaranga y’umushahara ay’icumbi n’ay’ingendo Urega aregera yose agomba kuyasubizwa, kuko umukoresha we yayamukase nta mpamvu. Rwemeje ko amafaranga ya pansiyo n’imisanzu ya RSSB avuga ko yabariwe ku mushahara utari wo n’inyungu zayo bitasuzumwa. Urega yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutamugeneye amafaranga ya pansiyo, imisanzu ya RSSB, n’inyungu zayo, ruvuga ko bitavuzwe ku Mugenzuzi w’umurimo, kandi ko rutamugeneye indishyi z’akababaro n’inyungu z’amafaranga yakaswe. Uregwa nawe yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi ivuga ko habayeho ubuzime bwo kurega, kubera ko ikirego cy’Urega cyarengeje imyaka ibiri, ko rero kitagombaga kwakirwa. Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye kw’Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakoreshwaga icyo gihe, rwemeje ko ikirego cy’Urega cyashaje, rwemeza ko ibyo aregera nta shingiro bifite, kuko mu nzira eshatu zihagarika ubuzime bw’ikirego zivugwa muri iryo Tegeko rigenga umurimo, nta n’imwe yanyuzemo. Urega yasubirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire habanza kurebwa niba harabayeho ubuzime bw’ikirego cye ku buryo kitagombaga kwakirwa. Aha Uregwa asobanura ko iki kirego kitagombaga kwakirwa kuberako habayeho ubuzime nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye. Akomeza avuga ko iyo umukozi yagombaga guhembwa ntahembwe, maze akicecekera, igihe cy’ubuzime cy’imyaka ibiri kibarwa gihereye igihe yagombaga guhemberwaho bityo, ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru kitarimo akarengane. Urega avuga ko ikibazo cye yakigejeje ku mukoresha, abonye ntacyo agikozeho agishyikiriza sendika y’abakozi nk’uko bigaragara mu mabaruwa atandukanye yashyikirijwe Directeur Général kandi bigaragara ko yayakiriye. Akomeza avuga ko Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakoreshwaga igihe ikibazo cye cyavukaga risobanura neza ko ubuzime buhagarikwa n’uko

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Intumwa y’abakozi yagejejweho ikibazo cyangwa Ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo, bityo ubuzime bukaba bwarahagaze ubwo yandikiraga sendika y’abakozi. Muri uru rubanza hasuzumwe kandi ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hari amafaranga y’ubwiteganyirize Urega atatangiwe, aho agaragaza amafaranga y’umusanzu atishyuwe, umusanzu w’amafaranga y’icumbi utarishyuwe, umusanzu ku mafaranga y’urugendo hamwe n’umusanzu ku mushahara utarishyuwe, ayo mafaranga yose akaba yarayavukijwe kandi ari yo yagombaga kumufasha mu zabukuru. Kuri iki kibazo Uregwa we ntacyo akivugaho. Incamake y’icyemezo: Amafaranga y'icumbi n'ay'ingendo ntabwo atandukanywa n’ibindi bigize umushahara kuko yose agize igihembo cy’umukozi gihwanye n’akazi aba yakoreye umukoresha, ikirego cyayo gisazira hamwe. Bityo, ikirego kijyanye n’umushahara cya Twagiramungu nticyagomba kwakirwa kuberako cyazimye. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro gifite. Amagarama aherera ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111. Itegeko N⁰ 05/2015 ryo ku wa 30/03/2015 rigenga imitunganyirize y’ubwiteganyirize bwa Pansiyo, ingingo ya 4. Itegeko N⁰ 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 83, 140 n’iya 141. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Gérard Cornu, Vocabulaire juridique, 7e édition, Paris, PUF, 1987, p. 725. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, Twagiramungu François arega AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd, asaba gusubizwa amafaranga yakaswe ku mushahara w’ukwezi kwa mbere, ukwa kabiri, n’ukwa gatatu mu mwaka wa 2007, kimwe n’amafaranga y’icumbi n’ay’ingendo nayo yakaswe mu gihe cy’amezi 60 uhereye mu mwaka wa 2007 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2011, yose hamwe angana na 1.950.000 Frw; asaba n’inyungu zayo. Mu kirego cye kandi Twagiramungu François yavugaga ko umukoresha atamutangiye amafaranga y’ubwiteganyirize mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu. Kuri urwo rwego, AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd yatanze inzitizi isaba ko ikirego kitakirwa kubera ko habaye ubuzime bwacyo (prescription). [2] Mu rubanza RSOC 0020/15/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 15/05/2015, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 83 y’Itegeko N⁰ 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga

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umurimo mu Rwanda, rwasanze amabaruwa atandukanye Twagiramungu François yagiye yandikira sendika y’abakozi asaba ko yasubizwa amafaranga yaregeye harimo iyo ku wa 23/12/2008 yakiriwe ku wa 24/12/2008, iyo ku wa 30/09/2010 yakiriwe uwo munsi n’iyo ku wa 13/09/2011, yarahagaritse ubuzime, bityo kuba yarasezerewe mu mwaka wa 2011 akaregera Umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu mwaka wa 2013, akaba atari iki gihe cyarebwa mu kubara ubuzime kuko bwahagaritswe n’ayo mabaruwa. [3] Ku birebana n’imizi y’urubanza, mu cyemezo cyafashwe ku wa 24/06/2015, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwemeje ko amafaranga y’umushahara Twagiramungu François aregera angana na 150.000 Frw, ay’icumbi angana na 1.200.000 Frw n’ay’ingendo angana na 600.000 Frw yose agomba kuyasubizwa, kuko umukoresha we yayamukase nta mpamvu. Rwemeje ko amafaranga ya pansiyo n’imisanzu ya RSSB avuga ko yabariwe ku mushahara utari wo n’inyungu zayo, bitasuzumwa kuko ntabyo yaburanye ku Mugenzuzi w’umurimo; rutegeka AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd kumuha 2.550.000 Frw akubiyemo 1.950.000 Frw yaregeye, na 600.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, kandi ikamusubiza 50.000 Frw yatanzeho igarama arega. [4] Twagiramungu François yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rutamugeneye amafaranga ya pansiyo, imisanzu ya RSSB, n’inyungu zayo, ruvuga ko bitavuzwe ku Mugenzuzi w’umurimo, kandi ko rutamugeneye indishyi z’akababaro n’inyungu z’amafaranga yakaswe. Kuri urwo rwego AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi ivuga ko habayeho ubuzime bwo kurega, kubera ko ikirego cya Twagiramungu François cyarengeje imyaka ibiri (2), ko rero kitagombaga kwakirwa. [5] Mu rubanza RSOCA 0110/15/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 20/11/2015, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 831 n’iya 1422 z’Itegeko N⁰ 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, maze rwemeza ko ikirego cya Twagiramungu François cyashaje, ruvuga ko ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, rwavuze ko guhera mu mwaka wa 2008 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2011 hari amabaruwa atandukanye Twagiramungu François yagiye yandika, ko rero yahagaritse ubuzime bw’ikirego nta shingiro bifite, kuko mu nzira eshatu (3) zihagarika ubuzime bw’ikirego zivugwa mu ngingo ya 83 y’iri Tegeko rigenga umurimo, nta n’imwe Twagiramungu François yanyuzemo. [6] Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze kandi Twagiramungu François atashingira ku kuba ikibazo cye cyaragejejwe kuri comité syndical, kuko iyo komite nayo atari urwego itegeko ryateganyije ko igihe rugejejweho ikibazo byahagarika ubuzime bw’ikirego, maze rwemeza ko amafaranga yose AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd yategetswe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo guha Twagiramungu François akuweho.

1Ingingo ya 83 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga ubwo ikibazo cya Twagiramungu François cyavukaga iteganya ibikurikira: "Umushahara umaze imyaka ibiri (2) utarishyuzwa ntuba ukishyujwe. Icyo gihe gitangira kubarwa guhera umunsi umukozi yagombaga guhemberwaho. Icyo gihe gihagarikwa n’uko umukoresha yakoze umubaruro w’amafaranga umukoresha n’umukozi bemeranyijwe ko ari umwenda, urubanza rw’umukozi rukiri mu Rukiko cyangwa se n’uko ibiro bigenzura umurimo byasabwe kubakiranura bitaratanga umwanzuro wabyo". 2 Iya 142 iteganya bikurikira: Uburenganzira ku birego byose bituruka ku kutumvikana ku birebana n’amasezerano y’akazi yasinywe hagati y’impande zombi hakurikijwe iri tegeko bigira ubuzime nyuma y’imyaka ibiri (2) uhereye igihe kutumvikana byatangiriye.

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[7] Ku birebana n’amafaranga ya pansiyo, imisanzu ya RSSB n’inyungu zayo, Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku ngingo ya 140 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo ryavuzwe haruguru3 , rwasanze n’ubwo bitavuzwe ku Mugenzuzi w’umurimo, bitari kuba impamvu yo kutabisuzuma mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, kuko Umugenzuzi w’umurimo atari Urukiko ku buryo ibitavugiweyo bitasuzumwa igihe cy’urubanza, nk’aho kuregera Urukiko byaba ari ukujurira nk’uko bigenda mu nkiko, ko itegeko rivuga ko uruhande bireba rumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo, akaba ashinzwe kumvikanisha abamugana; bityo ibyavugiweyo akaba atari byo byanze bikunze bigomba kugaragazwa mu Rukiko. [8] Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze na none n’ubwo ikirego cya Twagiramungu François cyerekeye amafaranga y’umushahara, icumbi n’ingendo cyashaje, mu gihe byagaragara ko hari imisanzu ya RSSB atatangiwe, umukoresha we yategekwa kuyitanga, kuko yo idasaza, ahubwo biri mu nshingano z’umukoresha, ruvuga ko atahabwa ayo mafaranga nk’uko abisaba kuko atari we uyahabwa, ahubwo ayatangirwa muri RSSB, bigakurikiranwa n’umukoresha. [9] Ku wa 25/04/2016, Twagiramungu François yandikiye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi asaba gusubirishamo urubanza RSOCA 0110/15/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije nkana ko intumwa y’abakozi nayo ari urwego ruteganywa n’Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda mu guhagarika ubuzime bw’ikirego. [10] Ku wa 15/05/2018, Umuvunyi Mukuru yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amusaba kwemeza ko urubanza RSOCA 0110/15/HC/KIG rwasubirwamo kubera impamvu z’akarengane, maze ku wa 18/10/2019, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu cyemezo cye 191/CJ/2019 yemeza ko urwo rubanza rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo ruzabe ari rwo ruruburanisha, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/CA. [11] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 23/09/2020 no ku wa 19/10/2020, Twagiramungu François yunganiwe na Me Bizimungu Jean Marie Vianney, AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Rutembesa Phocas. II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba harabayeho ubuzime bw’ikirego cya Twagiramungu François ku buryo kitagombaga kwakirwa. [12] Me Rutembesa Phocas avuga ko ikirego cya Twagiramungu François kirebana n’imishahara kitagombaga kwakirwa kuko habayeho ubuzime nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye. Asobanura ko imishahara yagombaga gusabwa bitarenze imyaka ibiri uhereye umunsi umukozi yagombaga guhemberwaho nk’uko byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 83 y’Itegeko ry’umurimo ryakurikizwaga, icyo gihe kikaba cyaragombaga guhagarikwa n’imishyikirano y’abakozi cyangwa kujya ku Mugenzuzi w’umurimo, ariko ko uhagarariye abakozi yagaragaje iki kibazo ku wa 08/08/2011, ku wa 29/08/2011 no ku wa 13/09/2011, icyo gihe imyaka ibiri (2) ikaba yari yararenze, ko n’ibaruwa yo

3 Iyo havutse impaka zihariye ku kazi hagati y’umukozi n’umukoresha, uruhande bireba rubanza gusaba uhagarariye abakozi iyo ahari, gukemura ayo makimbirane ku bwumvikane. Iyo intumwa z’abakozi zidashoboye gukemura ayo makimbirane, uruhande bireba rubimenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo rusaba ko yakemurwa mu bwumvikane. Iyo kumvikana bidashobotse, ikirego gishobora gushyikirizwa Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. Iyo kunyura mu nzego zivugwa muri iyi ngingo bitubahirijwe, Urukiko rushobora gufata icyemezo cyo kutakira ikirego.

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mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 2008 ivugwa n’Urwego rw’Umuvunyi Mukuru, ari iyo Twagiramungu François yandikiye uwari uhagarariye sendika y’abakozi, ariko itashyikirijwe AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd, ko iyo iyibona byari kuba impamvu yo guhagarika ubuzime. [13] Akomeza avuga ko hakurikijwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 83 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo ryo mu mwaka wa 2009 yubahirizwaga, iyo umukozi yagombaga guhembwa ntahembwe, maze akicecekera, igihe cy’ubuzime kibarwa gihereye igihe yagombaga guhemberwaho, ko rero ku bireba Twagiramungu François, ikibazo cye yarakigaragaje ku wa 08/08/2011, nyamara yaragombaga kutarenze umwaka wa 2009, bityo ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru kitarimo akarengane. [14] Twagiramungu François avuga ko yari chef comptable mu AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd, ikibazo cye cy’imishahara yakaswe akaba yarakigejeje ku mukoresha, abonye ntacyo agikozeho agishyikiriza sendika y’abakozi nk’uko bigaragara mu mabaruwa atandukanye yashyikirijwe Directeur Général kandi bigaragara ko yayakiriye (accusé de réception), ndetse ko n’iyo baruwa yo ku wa 23/12/2008 yayibonye, ku wa 14/09/2011 amusubiza ko ikibazo agiye kugikemura. [15] Me Bizimungu Jean Marie Vianney, wunganira Twagiramungu François, avuga ko ingingo ya 142, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga ubwo ikibazo cya Twagiramungu François cyavukaga risobanura neza ko ubuzime buhagarikwa n’uko Intumwa y’abakozi yagejejweho ikibazo cyangwa Ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo. Asobanura ko ku wa 23/12/2008 Twagiramungu François yandikiye sendika y’abakozi ayigezaho ikibazo cye, nayo igaragaza ko ibonye iyo baruwa ku wa 24/12/2008, bivuze ko ku wa 23/12/2009 umwaka wa mbere wari ushize, uwa kabiri ushira ku wa 23/12/2010, bityo ubuzime bukaba bwarahagaze ku wa 23/12/2008, ubwo Twagiramungu François yandikiraga sendika y’abakozi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Ingingo ya 83 y’Itegeko N⁰ 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga mu gihe Twagiramungu François yakoreraga AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd iteganya ibikurikira: umushahara umaze imyaka ibiri (2) utarishyuzwa ntuba ukishyujwe. Icyo gihe gitangira kubarwa guhera umunsi umukozi yagombaga guhemberwaho. Icyo gihe gihagarikwa n’uko umukoresha yakoze umubaruro w’amafaranga, umukoresha n’umukozi bemeranyijwe ko ari umwenda, urubanza rw’umukozi rukiri mu Rukiko cyangwa se n’uko ibiro bigenzura umurimo byasabwe kubakiranura bitaratanga umwanzuro wabyo. [17] Isesengura ry’iyi ngingo ryumvikanisha ko impamvu zihagarika ubuzime bw’iyishyuzwa ry’umushahara ku mukozi ari eshatu, ari zo: 1º iyo umukoresha yakoze umubaruro w’amafaranga, umukoresha n’umukozi bemeranyijwe ko ari umwenda, 2º urubanza rw’umukozi rukiri mu Rukiko, 3º cyangwa se n’uko ibiro bigenzura umurimo byasabwe kubakiranura bitaratanga umwanzuro wabyo. [18] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ku wa 23/12/2008, Twagiramungu François yandikiye Perezida wa sendika y’abakozi mu kigo cy’AKAGERA MOTORS asaba amafaranga yakaswe ku mushahara bidakwiye (reclamation de salaire retenu indûment), yakirwa ku wa 24/12/2008, ku wa 30/09/2010 yandikira Umuyobozi ushinzwe imiyoborere muri icyo kigo (Directeur Administratif)

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[19] iyo baruwa nayo ikaba yaravugaga kuri icyo kibazo, hakaba hari n’amabaruwa atandukanye yanditswe na sendika y’abakozi muri icyo kigo igaragaza ibibazo bitandukanye by’abakozi harimo n’icyo gukatwa umushahara bidakwiye. [20] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko ku wa 13/05/2013, Me Ndabukiye Vincent, mu mwanya wa Twagiramungu François, yandikiye Umugenzuzi w’umurimo asaba guhabwa amafaranga yakaswe ku mushahara, ku mafaranga y’urugendo n’ay’icumbi bidakwiye n’andi yavukijwe n’umukoresha agaragara muri iyo baruwa, ku wa 17/07/2013, Umugenzuzi w’umurimo atumira AKAGERA MOTORS Ltd ngo bazize bungurane inama kuri icyo kibazo banarebere hamwe uko cyabonerwa umuti, ariko ntibabasha kumvikana, bituma ku wa 22/10/2013, Twagiramungu François ahabwa icyemezo cyo kujya mu Rukiko. [21] Urukiko rurasanga mu gihe bigaragara ko ikirego cya Twagiramungu François cyerekeranye n’umushahara4 yagitanze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo nyuma y’itariki ya 22/10/2013, kuko kuri iyo tariki ari bwo yahawe n’Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo icyemezo cyo kujya mu Rukiko, nyamara akaba atagaragaza ko hagati y’ukwezi kwa Mutarama 2007, ubwo yatangiraga gukatwa umushahara kugeza mu mwaka wa 2009, ari bwo igihe cy’ubuzime cyagombaga kurangira, hari imwe mu mpamvu zihagarika ubuzime yigeze ibaho, kuko aterekana ko hagati aho AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd yigeze ikora umubaruro w’amafaranga bemeranywaho ko ari umwenda imubereyemo, ko ikibazo cye cyagejejwe ku Biro bigenzura umurimo, cyangwa se ngo kibe cyaragejejwe mu Rukiko, hagomba kwemezwa ko ikirego cye yagitanze harabaye ubuzime nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 83 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo ryagaragajwe haruguru, bityo Urukiko Rukuru rukaba nta kosa rwakoze mu kwemeza ko ikirego cya Twagiramungu François kitagombaga kwakirwa. [22] Urukiko rurasanga kandi amafaranga y’ingendo n’ay’icumbi, Twagiramungu François aregera adakwiye gutandukanywa n’ibindi bigize umushara nk’uko abigaragaza mu kirego cye, kuko yose agize igihembo cye nk’umukozi nk’uko bigaragara ku nyandiko zigaragaza ibihembo by’umukozi (bulletins de paie) ziri muri dosiye, ndetse akaba ari ko n’abahanga mu mategeko babisobanura, aho bavuga ko igihembo cy’umukozi gihwanye n’akazi aba yakoreye umukoresha, kandi ko gishobora gutangwa mu mafaranga cyangwa mu bintu, kikaba kigizwe n’umushahara n’ibindi bijyanye nawo nk’amashimwe, indamunite n’ibindi byose umukozi ahabwa bimufasha kwikemurira ibibazo5 , bityo ikirego kiyerekeye yose kikaba cyarasaziye hamwe. [23] Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa n’umwunganizi wa Twagiramungu François ko nta buzime bw’ikirego bwabayeho hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 142, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N⁰ 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko yakigejeje kuri sendika y’abakozi ku wa 23/12/2008, ibaruwa yayandikiye ikaba yarahagaritse igihe cy’ubuzime, nta shingiro bifite, kuko iyi ngingo ivuga muri rusange ibirego bituruka ku kutumvikana ku birebana n’amasezerano y’akazi,6

4 Inyandiko igaragaza umushahara Twagiramungu François yahembwaga (bulletin de paie) yerekana ko ugizwe n’umushaha fatizo (salaire de base), amafaranga y’icumbi n’amafaranga y’ingendo 5 Rémunération : Plus spéc(pour un travailleur salarié), contrepartie du travail ou de la disponibilité du travailleur ,fixe ou variable,calculée au temps ou au rendement ,fixée en argent ou pour une partie en nature ;elle comporte non seulement le salaire et ses accessoires(primes, gratifications,indemnités,pourboires), mais l’ensemble des avantages accordés au travailleur en vue de lui permettre de satisfaire à ses besoins, (Gérard Cornu, Vocabulaire juridique, 7e édition, Paris,PUF, 1987, p. 725). 6 Uburenganzira ku birego byose bituruka ku kutumvikana ku birebana n’amasezerano y’akazi yasinywe hagati y’impande zombi hakurikijwe iri tegeko bigira ubuzime nyuma y’imyaka ibiri (2) uhereye igihe ukutumvikana

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mu gihe iya 83 y’Itegeko yagaragajwe haruguru ari umwihariko w’ubuzime bw’iyishyurwa ry’umushahara, ikagaragaza impamvu zihagarika ubwo buzime nk’uko zagaragajwe haruguru, kuko nk’uko bisanzwe bizwi mu mahame rusange akurikizwa mu mategeko (principes généraux du droit), iyo hari ingingo rusange n’ingingo yihariye, hakurikizwa ingingo yihariye (specialia generalibus derogant), bityo ibaruwa yo ku wa 23/12/2008 ikaba itafatwa nk’igikorwa cyo guhagarika ubuzime, kuko itari mu bivugwa mu ngingo ya 83 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo ryakoreshwaga. [24] Hakurikijwe ibisobanuro bitanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ikirego cya Twagiramungu François gisaba umushahara w'ukwezi kwa 1, ukwa 2 n’ukwa 3 mu mwaka wa 2007 ndetse n’amafaranga yakaswe ku mafaranga yagenerwaga y’icumbi n’ay’urugendo kitaragombaga kwakirwa, bityo kuri iyo ngingo, nta karengane Twagiramungu François yakorewe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Ku bw’iyo mpamvu rusanga rudakwiye no gusuzuma ibirebana n’amafaranga Twagiramungu François avuga yakaswe muri ibyo bihe. 2. Kumenya niba hari amafaranga y’ubwiteganyirize AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd itatangiye Twagiramungu François [25] Me Bizimungu Jean Marie Vianney avuga ko AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd itatangiye Twagiramungu François umusanzu w’ubwiteganyirize ungana na 231.818 Frw ni ukuvuga umusanzu w’umushahara atishyuwe ungana na 12.000 Frw (150.000 Frw x 8/100), umusanzu w’amafaranga y’icumbi utarishyuwe ungana na 96.000 Frw (1.200.000 Frw x 8/100), umusanzu ku mafaranga y’urugendo ungana na 48.000 Frw (600.000 Frw x 8/100), hamwe n’umusanzu ku mushahara utarishyuwe ungana na 75.818 Frw (947.727 x 8/100), ayo mafaranga Twagiramungu François akaba yarayavukijwe kandi ari yo yagombaga kumufasha mu zabukuru. [26] Akomeza avuga ko uwo yunganira yagenerwa amafaranga y’igihombo cya pansiyo atatangiwe mu gihe cy’amezi 36 (imyaka 3) kibazwe ku gipimo cya 30%, yose hamwe angana na 2.027.818 Frw, ni ukuvuga 720.000 Frw y’igihombo cya pansiyo ku mafaranga y’icumbi, 360.000 Frw y’igihombo cya pansiyo ku mafaranga y’ingendo na 947.727 Frw y’igihombo cya pansiyo giturutse ku iyongeza ry’umushahara, bityo mu gihe cy’imyaka 8, igihombo kikaba kingana na 1.622.208 Frw, ni ukuvuga 16.898 Frw ku kwezi mu gihe cy’imyaka umunani (8). [27] Me Rutembesa Phocas ntacyo avuga ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [28] Ingingo ya 4,1⁰, y’Itegeko N⁰ 05/2015 ryo ku wa 30/03/2015 rigenga imitunganyirize y’ubwiteganyirize bwa Pansiyo, irondora abantu bagomba kuba mu bwiteganyirize bwa pansiyo butegetswe, muri bo hakaba harimo abakozi bose bagengwa n’Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda igihe bakora mu Rwanda hatitawe ku bwenegihugu, imiterere y’amasezerano, igihe azamara cyangwa se ingano y’umushahara.

byatangiriye. Icyo gihe kireka gukomeza kubarwa iyo habayeho gusaba guhuza impande zombi bisabwe intumwa y’abakozi, umugenzuzi w’umurimo cyangwa ikirego gishyikirijwe Urukiko.

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[29] Dosiye igaragaza bulletins de paie za Twagiramungu François guhera mu mwaka wa 2016 kandi buri uko yabarirwaga umushahara yatangirwaga n’amafaranga y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi abariwe ku mushahara yagiye ahembwa mu bihe bitandukanye. [30] Urukiko rurasanga n’ikirego cy’amafaranga ya pansiyo gishingiye ku kirego cy’umushahara nacyo cyarazimye kikaba kitaragombaga kwakirwa. 3. Kumenya niba ababuranyi bahabwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka, ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’indishyi basaba [31] Me Rutembesa Phocas asaba Urukiko gutegeka Twagiramungu François kwishyura AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [32] Me Bizimungu Jean Marie Vianney avuga ko aya mafaranga adakwiye gutangwa, kuko AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd ari yo itarubahirije ibyo amategeko ateganyiriza uwo yunganira, asaba ko Urukiko rwagenera Twagiramungu François 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza muri buri Rukiko na 3.000.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [33] Ku byerekeranye n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa muri uru rubanza, ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [34] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd isaba iyakwiye, kuko hari ibyo yatanze ikurikirana urubanza ndetse ishaka Avoka wo kuyiburanira, ariko ayo mafaranga akaba akwiye kugenwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, kuko batagaragaza ibimenyetso bahereyeho bayabara, bityo Twagiramungu François akaba akwiye kuyiha 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [35] Ku birebana n’indishyi, igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa na Twagiramungu François, Urukiko rurasanga atayakwiye kuko ikirego cye cy’iremezo nta shingiro gifite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [36] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Twagiramungu François cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro gifite. [37] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RSOCA 0110/15/HC/KIG rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 20/11/2015 idahindutse.

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[38] Rutegetse Twagiramungu François kwishyura AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [39] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.