UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TWAGIRIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TWAGIRIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-14 - Case/document no.: RS/REV/RP 00061/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TWAGIRIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/REV/RP 00061/2024/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) 14 Mata 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya – Umuburanyi wifuza ko urubanza rwe rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya abisaba mu rukiko rwaruciye bwa nyuma rukinjira mu mizi yarwo, urwo Rukiko akaba ari narwo rugomba gusuzuma icyo kirego gisaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya, hagamijwe kuruvanaho rukongera gusuzumwa bundi bushya hubahirijwe impamvu ziteganywa n’itegeko. Incamake y’ikibazo: Twagirimana Philemon yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi yakoreye Ngendahimana Aaron, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Twagirimana yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugirwa umwere, Urukiko rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ariko kubera ivugururwa ry’amategeko n’inzego z’inkiko ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2018, urubanza rwoherezwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo ruruburanishe kuko ari rwo rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha imanza zari zajuririwe mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cyitakiriwe kuko Twagirimana yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Twagirimana yatanze ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urwo rubanza ingingo nshya, Ubushinjacyaha butanga inzitizi yo kutakira icyo kirego kubera ko urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya rutaciwe mu mizi, kuko muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe butari mu bubasha bwarwo; iyi nzitizi ikaba ariyo uru Rukiko rwabanje gusuzuma. bityo ko atarirwo rwaruciye ku rwego rwa nyuma, rukaba rutanafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego gisaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umuburanyi wifuza ko urubanza rwe rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya abisaba mu rukiko rwaruciye bwa nyuma rukinjira mu mizi yarwo, urwo Rukiko akaba ari narwo rugomba gusuzuma icyo kirego gisaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya, hagamijwe kuruvanaho rukongera gusuzumwa bundi bushya hubahirijwe impamvu ziteganywa n’itegeko. Inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego ifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 195 n’iya 198. Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RC 0001/14/CS; DELTA PETROLEUM Ltd vs Nsengiyumva n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/09/2014. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Twagirimana Philémon yaketsweho kuba mu ijoro ryo ku wa 22/09/2016, ari mu Mudugudu wa Kabeza, Akagari ka Gisari, Umurenge wa Kinazi mu Karere ka Ruhango, yarategeye uwitwa Ngendahimana Aaron mu ishyamba akamutema mu mutwe, ku munwa, ku maboko no ku biganza byombi akoresheje umuhoro ndetse akamwambura 80.000 FRW na telefone yari afite mu mufuka, akamusiga aho aziko yapfuye. [2] Iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Twagirimana Philémon mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi cyakorewe Ngendahimana Aaron, maze mu rubanza RP 00064/2017/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’urwo Rukiko ku wa 31/07/2017 rusanga hari ibimenyetso bikimuhamya, bigizwe na Raporo y’Inzego z’ibanze na Raporo yakozwe n’abaturage bo mu Mudugudu wa Kabeza (yanemejwe n’Ubuyobozi bw’uwo Mudugudu n’ubw’Akagari ka Gisari) bemeza ko Twagirimana Philémon asanzwe atema abantu muri uwo Mudugudu banagaragaza amazina y’abo amaze gutema; maze Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rubishingiraho rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha ashinjwa, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [3] Twagirimana Philémon yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso bishingiweho bigaragaza ko yagikoze koko, asaba kugirwa umwere; maze mu rubanza RPA 00519/2017/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’urwo Rukiko ku wa 23/02/2018, rushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo imvugo z’abatangabuhamya batandukanye rwabajije ubwo rwikoreraga iperereza, no kuri Raporo y’inzego z’ibanze ndetse na Raporo yakozwe n’abaturage zavuzwe haruguru zashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha ku rwego rwa mbere rwasanze byose byemeza ko icyaha Twagirimana Philémon ashinjwa yagikoze, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [4] Twagirimana yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko yabanje kuburana ahakana icyaha bituma ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ariko ko noneho yiyemeje kwemera icyaha no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano; nyuma y’ivugururwa ry’amategeko n’inzego z’inkiko ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2018 urubanza rwoherezwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo ruruburanishe kuko ari rwo rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha imanza zari zajuririwe mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga. [5] Mu rubanza RPAA 00110/2018/CA rwaciwe ku wa 02/11/2018, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko mu nkiko zombi zabanje Twagirimana Philémon yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba butari mu bubasha bwarwo. [6] Ku wa 11/08/2024 Twagirimana Philémon yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urwo rubanza RPAA 00110/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RS/REV/RP 00061/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa

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03/04/2025 Twagirimana Philémon yunganiwe na Me Shema Gerald naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu kirego cye Twagirimana Philémon asaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00110/2018/CA ashingiye ku bimenyetso avuga ko byabonetse nyuma y’uko ruciwe kandi bikaba bivuguruza ibyashingiweho mu kuhamya icyaha, bigizwe n’inyandiko umugore we witwa Namusisi Cécile yakoreye imbere y’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Kinazi amusaba imbabazi ngo kuko yamuciye inyuma agasambana na Ngendahimana Aaron, n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Habihirwe David, Ndizihiwe Damien, Gasirikare Jean Claude, Minani Frodouard na Ndayisaba Valens. [8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yatanze inzitizi asaba Urukiko kutakira ikirego cya Twagirimana Philémon, ashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko urubanza RPAA 00110/2018/CA asaba ko rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya rutaciwe mu mizi, kuko muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe butari mu bubasha bwarwo; iyi nzitizi ikaba ariyo uru Rukiko rwabanje gusuzuma. [9] Hashingiwe ku mpaka zagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasuzuma niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Twagirimana Philémon gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00110/2018/CA gikwiriye kwakirwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Twagirimana Philémon gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00110/2018/CA gikwiriye kwakirwa. [10] Mu myanzuro ya Twagirimana Philémon n’iya Me Shema Gerald umwunganira bavuga ko basaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00110/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/11/2018 bashingiye ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 197, agace ka 5, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha, kuko nyuma y’uko ruciwe habonetse ibimenyetso bikurikira, bivuguruza ibyashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Ngendahimana Aaron: - inyandiko umugore we witwa Namusisi Cécile yakoreye imbere y’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Kinazi asaba Twagirimana Philémon imbabazi ngo kuko yamuciye inyuma agasambana na Ngendahimana Aaron, bakavuga ko iki kimenyetso kigaragaza ko Ngendahimana Aaron yamubeshyeye ko ari we wamutemye kugira ngo amwikize kuko yari yamenye ko amusambanyiriza umugore; - ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Habihirwe David, Ndizihiwe Damien, Minani Frodouard na Gasirikare Jean Claude, bavuze ko ubwo Ngendahimana Aaron yari ageze mu rugo amaze kuzanzamuka yababwiye ko telefone ye yayitaye mu rutoki rwo kwa Bizimana kandi bakaba ariho bayisanze koko; ko rero ubwo buhamya buvuguruza ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko rwemeza ko yamutemye akanamwambura telefone yari afite;

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- ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Ndayisaba Vales wavuze ko ubwo Ngendahimana Aaron yatemwaga yari kumwe na Twagirimana Philémon muri centre, bukaba buvuguruza ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko rwemeza ko uyu yatemeye Ngendahimana Aaron mu ishyamba.

[11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asaba Urukiko kutakira ikirego cya Twagirimana Philémon hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 198 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ko gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya bisabwa mu rukiko rwaciye urubanza mu rwego rwa nyuma, kuko urubanza RPAA 00110/2018/CA rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya rutaciwe mu mizi n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ahubwo uru Rukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire Twagirimana Philémon yari yarushyikirije butari mu bubasha bwarwo kuko mu nkiko zombi zabanje yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, bityo rero rukaba atarirwo rwaruciye ku rwego rwa nyuma, rukaba rutanafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego gisaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukwiriye kwakira ikirego cya Twagirimana Philémon gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00110/2018/CA rwaciye rukemeza ko rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubujurire yari yatanze ajuririra urubanza RPA 00519/2017/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rukemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi cyakorewe Ngendahimana Aaron. [13] Ingingo ya 195 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha igira iti: “gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya ni ugushaka ko urubanza rwaciwe burundu ruvanwaho rukongera gusuzumwa bundi bushya hubahirijwe impamvu ziteganywa n’iri tegeko”; naho ingingo ya 198 nayo y’iryo tegeko igateganya, mu gika cyayo cya mbere, ko “gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya bisabwa mu rukiko rwaciye urubanza mu rwego rwa nyuma...” . [14] Mu rubanza RC 0001/14/CS1 rwaciwe ku wa 12/09/2014 haburana DELTA PETROLEUM Ltd na Nsengiyumva n’abandi, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko urukiko rwaciye urubanza bwa nyuma rugomba kumvikana nk’urukiko rwinjiye mu mizi y’urubanza ku buryo budasubirwaho rugakemura ikibazo cyaburanwaga, rukanagira ibyo rutegeka bigomba kubahirizwa mu irangizwa ryarwo; n’ubwo muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuraga ibyateganywaga n’ingingo ya 2081 y’Itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, hakaba nta kibuza ko ibisobanuro Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwatanze ku birebana n’urukiko rwaciye urubanza bwa nyuma byakwifashishwa muri uru rubanza.

1 Iyi ngingo ya 208 y’Itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi yateganyaga ko impaka zishingiye ku irangiza ry’urubanza ryaba riri gukorwa cyangwa ryararangiye zikemurwa n’urukiko rwaruciye bwa nyuma cyangwa urwemeje ko urubanza rwo mu mahanga rurangirizwa mu Rwanda.

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[15] Ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 195 n’iya 198 z’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 zavuzwe haruguru birebewe hamwe bikanahuzwa n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe mu rubanza RC 0001/14/CS rwavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, byumvikanisha ko umuburanyi wifuza ko urubanza rwe rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya abisaba mu rukiko rwaruciye bwa nyuma rukinjira mu mizi y’urubanza, rugakemura ikibazo cyaburanwaga, rukanagira ibyo rutegeka bigomba kubahirizwa mu irangizwa ryarwo2, bityo rukaba ari narwo ruba rugomba gusuzuma ikirego gisaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya hagamijwe kuruvanaho rukongera gusuzumwa bundi bushya hubahirijwe impamvu ziteganywa n’itegeko. [16] Ku birebana n’ikirego cyatanzwe na Twagirimana Philémon, urubanza RPAA 00110/2018/CA asaba ko rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeza ko rudafite ububasha bwo gusuzuma ubujurire bwe kuko mu nkiko zombi zabanje yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga urwo rubanza rutarinjiye mu mizi ngo rusuzume ibijyanye n’icyaha Twagirimana Philémon yaregwaga runagire icyemezo rubifataho, ahubwo nk’uko byasobanuwe rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe butari mu bubasha bwarwo ntirwabwakira; urubanza rwaciwe mu mizi ku rwego rwa nyuma ku bijyanye n’icyaha Twagirimana Philémon yaregwaga rukaba ari urubanza RPA 00519/2017/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rukaba ari narwo rwagombaga gusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. [17] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, ikirego cya Twagirimana Philémon gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00110/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/11/2018 kikaba kitagomba kwakirwa kuko urubanza rwasabiwe gusubirwamo atari rwo rwaciwe mu mizi ku rwego rwa nyuma. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [18] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha ifite ishingiro. [19] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Twagirimana Philémon gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00110/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/11/2018 kitagomba kwakirwa kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [20] Rutegetse ko Twagirimana Philémon asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko afunze.