UBUSHINJACYAHA v TWAGIRUMUKIZA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v TWAGIRUMUKIZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-12-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00367/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v TWAGIRUMUKIZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00367/2020/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) 22 Ukuboza 2023] Imiburanishirize y’imanza – Imirongo mu manza – Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe, icyo gihe hashingirwa ku ngingo y’itegeko ryayihinduye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rwisumbuye rwa Huye, Ubushinjacyaha burega Twagirumukiza icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nyuma yuko araranye iwe mu rugo n’umwana w’umukobwa ufite imyaka 17 y`amavuko witwa K.M. ndetse barasambana; hanyuma uwo mukobwa aza kumva atameze neza yipimye asanga aratwite. Muri urwo Rukiko uregwa yaburanye yemera ko yasambanye na K. M. ariko akavuga ko uwo mukobwa yari asanzwe ari indaya ngo kuko nawe basambanye akamuha amafaranga, yaburanye kandi ahakana ko yari umwana kandi ko atari we wamuteye inda. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya uwo mwana w’imyaka 17 rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Uregwa yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, akomeza kuvuga ko uwo mukobwa baryamanye ari mukuru kandi ko yari asanzwe akora uburaya ku buryo baryamanye yabanje kumuha amafaranga, ko hakurikijwe itariki n’ukwezi yavukiyeho hakarebwa n’itariki n’ukwezi icyaha kivugwa ko cyakoreweho yari yaramaze kugeza ku myaka 18. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko icyaha gikorwa K.M. yari atarageza ku myaka y’ubukure rushingiye ku itariki ye y’amavuko igaragara ku cyemezo cye cy’amavuko, rwemeza ko imikiririze y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse. Uregwa yarongeye arajurira noneho mu Rukiko Rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa atagabanyirijwe igihano nyamara yaremeye icyaha kuva agifatwa, kandi akaba yaramaze kucyicuza; agasaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, ko kugabanya igihano kigahuzwa n’uburemere bw’icyaha biri mu bubasha bw’urukiko. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko ighano Twagiramukiza yahawe gikwiriye kuko kizamufasha kumva uburemera bw’icyaha yakoze. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe, icyo gihe hashingirwa ku ngingo y’itegeko ryayihinduye, bityo ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange niyo ikwiye gushingirwaho mu kugena aho Urukiko rukwiriye kugeza mu kugabanya igihano aho gushingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC n’urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA kimwe n’izindi manza zagendeye mu murongo wo kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko, kuko izi manza zaciwe hakurikijwe ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

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2. Mu manza nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo ariko mu bujurire, umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Bityo igihano uregwa yahanishijwe kikaba gikwiriye kugabanywa kugira ngo gihuzwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha. Urubanza ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, Ingingo ya 133. Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs. Bimenyimana, RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. Ubushinjacyaha vs. Nsabimana alias Sankara Et.Al., RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Ubushinjacyaha vs. Shirimpaka Jean Claude, RPAA 00145/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/10/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 21/11/2018, mu Mudugudu wa Rwabuye, Akagari ka Gatobotobo,Umurenge wa Mbazi mu Karere ka Huye, uwitwa Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yararanye iwe mu rugo n’umwana w’umukobwa ufite imyaka 17 y`amavuko witwa K.M. ndetse barasambana; hanyuma uwo mukobwa aza gutaha ariko hashize iminsi ngo yumva atameze neza yipimye asanga aratwite, abwiye Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse ko yamuteye inda undi aramuhakanira; ibyo bikaba ari byo byatumye amakuru y’uko yasambanyijwe na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse amenyekana hanyuma arafatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha akekwaho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, iperereza rirangiye dosiye Ubushinjacyaha buyiregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye. [2] Muri urwo rukiko Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yaburanye yemera ko yasambanye na Kubwimana Marie bita Aline, ariko akavuga ko uwo mukobwa yari asanzwe ari indaya ngo kuko nawe basambanye akamuha amafaranga, ko atemera ko yari umwana kandi ko atari we wamuteye inda. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00411/2018/TGI/HYE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye ku wa 18/01/2019 rwemeje ko Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya

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uwo mwana w’imyaka 17 witwa Kubwimana Marie bita Aline, rushingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyaha imbere y’inzego z’iperereza n’imbere y’Urukiko, bigashimangirwa n’imvugo z’uwo mwana wamushinje mu Bugenzacyaha n’icyemezo cye cy’amavuko cyatanzwe n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Ruhashya ku wa 18/12/2018, kigaragaza ko yavukiye i Kaduha tariki 25/04/2001; rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) . [4] Urwo rubanza Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yarujuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, akomeza kuvuga ko uwo mukobwa baryamanye ari mukuru kandi ko yari asanzwe akora uburaya ku buryo baryamanye yabanje kumuha amafaranga, umwunganira nawe ashimangira ko Kubwimana Marie bita Aline yari mukuru ngo kuko hakurikijwe itariki n’ukwezi yavukiyeho hakarebwa n’itariki n’ukwezi icyaha kivugwa ko cyakoreweho yari yaramaze kugeza ku myaka 18, ko rero abona nta cyaha cyabayeho. [5] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite kuko hashingiwe kw’itariki yanditse ku cyemezo cy’amavuko cya Kubwimana Marie bita Aline kigaragaza ko yasambanyijwe akiri umwana kuko yari afite imyaka 17, kandi ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurre inyuranye n’imiburanire ya Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse ku rwego rwa mbere kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha akanasaba kugabanyirizwa igihano; busoza busaba Urukiko kugumishaho igihano yahawe. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00154/2019/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 30/12/2019, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse nta shingiro zifite kuko igihe icyaha cyakorwaga Kubwimana Marie bita Aline yari atarageza ku myaka y’ubukure rushingiye ku itariki ye y’amavuko igaragara ku cyemezo cye cy’amavuko, rwemeza ko imikiririze y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse, ko hagumyeho igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yahanishijwe. [7] Iki cyemezo nacyo Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yakijuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa nº RPAA 00367/2020/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku itariki ya 07/12/2023, yunganiwe na Me Umugwaneza Diane naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yashyikirije uru rukiko avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa atagabanyirijwe igihano nyamara yaremeye icyaha kuva agifatwa, kandi akaba yaramaze kucyicuza; agasaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ngo kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi, hagendewe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’uru rukiko. [9] Mu myanzuro y’Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse budakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko atagararaza icyo anenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru kuko ibyo avuga ko yemeye icyaha atari ukuri; ko yaburanye avuga ko nta cyaha yakoze kuko umwana bavuga ko yasambanyije yari arengeje imyaka 18, agasaba kugirwa umwere. [10] Mu iburanisha Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse n’umwunganira babwiye urukiko ko basanze mu myanzuro ya Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse ntacyo anenga urubanza rwajuririwe, ko ahubwo icyo basaba urukiko ari uko rwamugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ku byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu, ngo

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kuko yamaze kumva rwose uburemera bw’icyaha yakoze. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yahawe gikwiriye kuko kizamufasha kumva uburemera bw’icyaha yakoze. [11] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuri uru rwego. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuri uru rwego [12] Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse n’umwunganira bavuga ko basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kumugabanyiriza ibihano hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi kandi akaba yaramaze kumva rwose uburemera bw’icyaha yakoze no kucyicuza; bavuga ko kugabanya igihano kigahuzwa n’uburemere bw’icyaha biri mu bubasha bw’urukiko, bashingiye ku byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA00039/2021/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu. [13] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yahawe gikwiriye kuko kizamufasha kumva uburemera bw’icyaha yakoze. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Urukiko rusanga ibijyanye no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yarabisabye mu mwanzuro yashyikirije urukiko ajurira, we n’umwunganira banongera kubigarukaho mu gihe cy’iburanisha. [15] Ikibazo gisa n’iki cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wanakurikijwe mu zindi manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza n° RPAA 00145/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 30/10/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shirimpaka Jean Claude. [16] Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yahamijwe gihanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka 20 ariko kitarenze imyaka 25, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 133 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha

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n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu; we akaba yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 20. [17] Mu gihe uru rubanza rwari rutarasomwa muri uru rukiko, hasohotse Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo yaryo ya kabiri iteganya ko : “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: … (b) igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe“. [18] Urukiko rurasanga iyi ngingo ari yo igomba gushingirwaho mu kugena aho rukwiriye kugeza mu kugabanya igihano mu gihe rwasanga hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, aho gushingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC n’urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA kimwe n’izindi manza zagendeye muri uyu murongo wo kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko, kuko izi manza zaciwe hakurikijwe ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kandi iyi ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko n° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru. [19] Ibirebana no kugabanya ibihano hashingiwe ku mirongo yagiyeho mbere y’itegeko ririho byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA1 aho rwagaragaje ko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho (cyangwa ryahinduwe), ibi bikaba bihuje n’uru rubanza kuko rudashobora gukurikiza imirongo yari ishingiye ku ngingo y’itegeko nyamara yaramaze guhindurwa. [20] Hashingiwe ku murongo2 ugaragara mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwavuzwe haruguru mu gika cya 15, mu bika bikurikira hagiye gusuzumwa niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yahanishijwe ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko gikwiye kugabanywa kuri uru rwego hagamijwe guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. [21] Mu manza zabanje, haba mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye haba no mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yaburanye yemera ko yaryamanye na Kubwimana Marie bita Aline, ariko akavuga ko uwo mukobwa yari asanzwe ari indaya ngo kuko nawe yamuhaye amafaranga ngo baryamane, kandi ko atemera ko yari umwana ndetse ko inda avuga ko yari atwite atari we wayimuteye. [22] Urukiko rurasanga, n‘ubwo Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 17 azi neza ingaruka zacyo ku bw’imyaka y’ubukure yari afite akora icyaha (imyaka 32), n‘ubwo kandi mu nkiko zibanza yaburanye ahakana icyaha kuko

1 Urubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana, mu gika cya 26. 2 Wemeje ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano.

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yavugaga ko atemera ko uwo baryamanye yari umwana, rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yahanishijwe kiremereye ugereranyije no kuba ibikubiye muri dosiye bigaragaza ko kuva yafatwa yemeraga ko yasambanye n’uwo mukobwa icyo atemeraga akaba ari imyaka ye, no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi; iki gihano kikaba gikwiriye kugabanywa kugira ngo gihuzwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha. [23] Urukiko rurasanga impamvu zavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki zitaritaweho mu nkiko zibanza bituma Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse atagabanyirizwa igihano mu buryo buhagije; bityo hashingiwe kuri izo mpamvu no ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko n° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, ndetse no ku murongo3 watanzwe mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA narwo rwavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itatu ( 13) mu mwanya w’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza n° RPA 00154/2019/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku wa 30/12/2019 ihindutse ku birebana n’igihano. [25] Rutegetse ko Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko. [26] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.

3 Aho, mu manza nshinjabyaha, iyo icyo abaregwa banenga urubanza rwajuririwe ari uko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko mu bujurire, umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhinduraigihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano.