UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TWAGIRUMUKIZA SIBOMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TWAGIRUMUKIZA SIBOMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00097/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TWAGIRUMUKIZA SIBOMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00097/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano nk’impamvu y’ubujurire – Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano . Incamake y’ikibazo: Twagirumukiza Sibomana yakurikiranweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yuko afatanywe udupfunyika 214, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, burusaba kwemeza ko kimuhama akagihanirwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Twagirumukiza ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000 Frw). Twagirumukiza yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere, urwo Rukiko rusanga akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano cyane ko aburana yemera icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5 000 000 Frw. Twagirumukiza yajuririye kandi mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano bikajya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko ndetse akaba yanabisubikirwa. Ku rundi ruhande ubushinjacyaha buvuga yamaze kugabanyirizwa bihagije ahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze ndetse kijyanye n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko, bityo atakongera kugabanyirizwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ntiruhindutse. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 00060/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; RPAA 00299/2022/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Hakizimana Alphonse rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/06/2024.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika magana abiri na cumi na tune (214 boules). Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, busaba kwemeza ko kimuhama akagihanirwa. [2] Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yaburanye yemera icyaha ashinjwa, avuga ko urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwo gucuruza yari yahawe n’umuntu atazi ngo arumucururize. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00254/2020/TGI/MHG, rwaciwe ku wa 04/05/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rushingiye ku kuba Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yemera icyaha, imvugo z’umutangabuhamya Mukabugingo Sifora umushinja n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi yafatanywe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000 Frw). [4] Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko n’ubwo nta nenge ziri mu rubanza rujuririrwa Twagirumukiza agaragaza, ariko hashingirwa ku Itegeko rishya ryasohotse urubanza rwe rukiburanishwa riteganya ibihano byoroheje, maze akagabanyirizwa ibihano. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00544/2020/HC/NYZ, rwaciwe ku wa 31/01/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha ku buryo buzwi, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [6] Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00097/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 10/12/2024, Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yunganiwe na Me Murekatete B. Marguerite, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habimana Jean Cabin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu.

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[7] Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase n’umwunganira basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa ibihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha we avuga ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagijwe ahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze ndetse kijyanye n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko. [8] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yagabanyirizwa akanasubikirwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yagabanyirizwa akanasubikirwa igihano [9] Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase n’umwunganira bavuga ko yagabanyirizwa akanasubikirwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha, akaba ari ubwa mbere yakurikiranwaho icyaha mu buryo buzwi kandi akaba yaramaze kugororoka ndetse akaba abana n’ubumuga bw’akaguru ari nawe wari usanzwe yita ku muryango we ubusanzwe utishoboye. Ku bijyanye n’amategeko yashingirwaho, basaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 263 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryariho icyaha gikorwa kuko ariyo riteganya igihano cyoroheje, maze Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase akongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano bikajya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, ndetse igihano yahabwa kigasubikwa. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze ndetse kijyanye n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko, ibyo bikaba binahura n’ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yaragabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza avuga ko, n’iyo Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabibona ukundi ntaho rwahera rwongera kugabanya ibihano Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yahawe kuko ruzitiwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, kandi icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi Twagirumukiza yahamijwe ubundi gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW), bivuze ko igihano Twagirumukiza yahanishijwe aricyo gito gishoboka Urukiko rukaba rutakongera kujya munsi yacyo. Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase atasubikirwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5). Uko Urukiko rubibona

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[12] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, gikwiye kugabanywa kikanasubikwa. a. Ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano [13] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” [14] Naho ibirebana no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu yonyine y’ubujurire, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00299/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/06/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Hakizimana Alphonse. [15] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Urukiko rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa se ubushishozi bwarwo. [16] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, ku rwego rwa mbere Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, maze Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15. 000.000 Frw). Mu bujurire, yajuriye asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwasanze ataragabanyirijwe bihagijwe kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha arinabwo bwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha imbere y’inkiko, maze rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, ibihano Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yahawe

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n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ari byo bito bishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bikaba bidakwiye kongera kugabanywa. [18] Ku bijyanye n’imiburanire ya Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase y’uko Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ariryo ritanga igihano cyoroheje, bityo ko ariryo rikwiye gushingirwaho, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro bifite kuko ingingo ya 60 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya uburyo ibihano bigabanywa (iteganya ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cyo gufungwa burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), ariyo iteganya ibihano bikomeye kurusha ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru (iteganya ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi igifungo cy’imyaka 15).

b. Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano [19] Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano, ingingo ya 3, agace ka (1) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga isubikagihano Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase asaba adakwiye kurihabwa kuko ryemerwa gusa ku muntu wahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) ariko we akaba ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ubujurire bwatanzwe na Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase nta shingiro bufite, hakaba hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye.

II. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase nta shingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00544/2020/HC/NYZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 31/01/2024, rudahindutse; [24] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta kuko Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase yajuriye afunze akaba asonewe kuyatanga.