UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TWIZEYIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TWIZEYIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA01045/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TWIZEYIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA01045/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, J. P.) 29 Nzeri 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), kuko aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha cyose gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Incamake y’ikibazo: Polisi, ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge ryafashe Twizeyimana afite udupfunyika 139 tw’urumogi rimushyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha, maze nyuma y’iperereza Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. Ubushinjacyaha bwamusabiye ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge maze agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni 25,000,000Frw. Twizeyimana yaburanye yemera ko yabitse urwo rumogi, asaba ko yarenganurwa, agasubikirwa ibihano. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko Uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye birimo ko yemeye icyaha ubwo yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birekire nyamara yaraburanye yemera icyaha, akaba ari n’ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, maze asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza ruvuga ko mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha, no kuba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha Uregwa yagabanyirizwa ibihano, maze rwemeza ko ahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. Uregwa yongeye ajuririra uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa, akavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije ibihano mu buryo buhagije kandi afite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ndetse akaba amaze kugororoka. Asobanura ko ibihano yahawe ari birebire kandi afite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko yemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi no kuba icyaha yakoze amaze kucyicuza agisabira imbabazi ndetse kandi nta n’ingaruka icyaha cyagize muri rubanda, akaba amaze kugororoka. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ubujurire bw’Uregwa, buvuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Uregwa yagabanyirijwe ibihano hashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, no ku Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igihano gito giteganywa n’iryo Tegeko, kingana n’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na milioni 5.000.000Frw, bityo ko kitakongera kugabanywa. Ikindi ni uko urubanza Uregwa ashingiraho asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ntirwagenderwaho kubera ko umurongo watanzwemo wari ushingiye ku Itegeko rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryavuyeho, nawo ukaba utagikoreshwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), kuko aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha cyose gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2.

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Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 60. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA00043/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Rukundo rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/04/2025. RPAA00367/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023. RPAA00462/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayisaba Abdoul rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/02/2023. RPAA00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Polisi, ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, kumakuru yahawe n’inzego z’ibanze ko Twizeyimana Augustin acuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, yakoze “opération” ku wa 16/07/2021, imufatana udupfunyika 139 tw’urumogi, ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Iperereza, rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000Frw. [3] Twizeyimana Augustin, yaburanye yemera ko yabitse urwo rumogi, asaba ko yarenganurwa, agasubikirwa ibihano. [4] Mu rubanza RP01033/2021/TGI/NYGE, rwaciwe ku wa 20/08/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bihamya Twizeyimana Augustin, icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aribyo: a) Imvugo ze yemera icyaha abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, agasobanura uko yabifatanwe, akemera ko yabicuruzaga; b) Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Ndababonye Soteri na Sibomana Jean Marie bamushinja gufatanwa udupfunyika 139 tw’urumogi; c) Inyandiko y’inzego z’ibanze isobanura ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe n’uburyo abicuruza; d) Inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira yo ku wa 16/07/2021, igaragaza ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwahamije Twizeyimana Augustin, icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [5] Twizeyimana Augustin yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha, akaba ari n’ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera ariko ahanishwa igihano kirekire. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku Itegeko rishya rihana ibyaha.

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[7] Mu rubanza RPA01364/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 23/09/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo gusuzuma impamvu z’ubujurire za Twizeyimana Augustin, rwasanze, mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha, kuba Twizeyimana Augustin yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe ku buryo buzwi mu butabera, ari impamvu zituma igihano yahanishijwe ku rwego rubanza cyongera kugabanywa. Rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’ibihano yari yahawe. Rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [8] Twizeyimana Augustin yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA01045/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 11/09/2025, Twizeyimana Augustin yunganiwe na Me Micomyiza liliane, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ndagijimana Charles, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire, Twizeyimana Augustin na Me Micomyiza Liliane umwunganira, basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano, basobanura ko Urukiko Rukuru rutarabimugabanyirije muburyo buhagije kandi afite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ndetse akaba amaze kugororoka. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Twizeyimana Augustin yaragabanyirijwe ibihano nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 7 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, ahabwa gito giteganywa n’Itegeko bityo ko kitakongera kugabanywa. [11] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Twizeyimana Augustin akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Twizeyimana Augustin akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano [12] Twizeyimana Augustin na Me Micomyiza Liliane mu miburanire yabo, basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ibyo yahawe ari birebire kandi afite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko yemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi no kuba icyaha yakoze amaze kucyicuza agisabira imbabazi ndetse kandi nta n’ingaruka icyaha cyagize muri rubanda, akaba amaze kugororoka. [13] Twizeyimana Augustin, yasabye kandi kugabanyirizwa igihano nk’uko byakozwe mu rubanza no RPAA00462/2021/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 17/02/2023, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndayisaba Abdoul, wari warakatiwe imyaka 25 ariko agabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 6 kandi aregwa icyaha kimwe nk’icyo nawe yakoze. [14] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko mu rubanza rujuririrwa mu gika cya 7 rwaragabanyirije Twizeyimana Augustin ibihano rwitaye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, rushingira ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka a na d y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, kingana n’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na milioni eshanu(5.000.000Frw), bityo ko kitakongera kugabanywa. [15] Naho ku bijyanye n’urubanza Twizeyimana Augustin yasabye gushingiraho mu kumugabanyiriza ibihano, busanga bidashoboka ko rwashingirwaho, kuko ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yashingirwaho mu kugabanya ibihano yarahinduwe kandi umurongo wariho hakoreshwa iyo ngingo mu kugabanya ibihano ntiwakomeza gukurikizwa kandi itagikoreshwa nk’uko bigaragara mu murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, aho mu gika cya 19, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari

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ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. Busaba ko hagumishwaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Impaka kuri iyi ngingo, zishingiye kukumenya niba Twizeyimana Augustin akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuri uru rwego, kuburyo yahanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya milioni eshanu(5.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, hanashingiwe no ku rubanza yagaragaje. [16] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [17] Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba umuntu wahamijwe icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyakemuwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, kuva aho Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange risohokeye; muri izo manza harimo n’urubanza RPAA00043/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/04/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Rukundo1. Muri izo manza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko icyo gihano kidashobora kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko kuri icyo cyaha ndetse no ku kindi cyaha cyose gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [18] Naho kubyerekeranye no kumenya niba mu kugabanya igihano, Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 602 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza RPAA00048/2020/CA 3rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwemeza ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa, harimo urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/SC kimwe n’izindi manza zose zagendeye muri uwo murongo wo kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko4. [19] Nk’uko bigaragara mu bika bya 7-95, Urukiko Rukuru, mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse runashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere Twizeyimana Augustin akurikiranwe mu buryo buzwi mu butabera no kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha aregwa ndetse

1 Reba igika cyarwo cya 17. 2 Iyo ngingo yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya igihano ariko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’urw’Ubujurire zisobanura mu manza zitandukanye ko ubwo buryo bwo kugabanya ibihano bunyuranye n’amahame y’ubutabera buboneye n’ubwigenge bw’umucamanza kuko budatanga ubwinyagamburiro buhagije bufasha umucamanza guhuza uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka zacyo n’igihano. 3 Reba igika cyarwo cya 26 aho Urukiko rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’uko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. 4 Reba igika cya 17-18 cy’urubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse. 5 Reba urubanza RPA01364/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 23/09/2024.

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rushingiye no ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwaramugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) n’aka (d), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ndetse no ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rugendeye kuri iyo ngingo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru mugika cya 17, rurasanga igihano Twizeyimana Augustin yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga milioni eshanu(5.000.000Frw) aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bityo kikaba kidakwiye kugaba [21] Hashingiwe kubimaze kuvugwa byose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyasabwe na Twizeyimana Augustin n’umwunganizi we, ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), agahabwa gito, hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, ndetse n’urubanza no RPAA00462/2021/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 17/02/2023, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndayisaba Abdoul, nta shingiro bifite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru, rwaramugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru mu gika cya 19, ahabwa igihano gito gishoboka, kitajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu(15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga angana na milioni eshanu(5.000.000Frw). Byongeye kandi urubanza Twizeyimana Augustin yasabye ko rwashingirwaho mukumugabanyiriza ibihano rukaba rudakwiriye gushingirwaho hashingiwe ku murongo wagarutsweho mu gika cya 18 cy’uru rubanza, watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, kuko ingingo ya 60 urwo rubanza n’izindi manza zashingirwagaho mukugabanya igihano, yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Twizeyimana Augustin nta shingiro bufite. [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA01364/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 23/09/2024, rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [24] Rutegetse ko Twizeyimana Augustin akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [25] Rutegetse ko Twizeyimana Augustin asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.