UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BARAYAVUGA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BARAYAVUGA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 01077/2024/CA (Ndahayo, P.J.) 27 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu – Igihe icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu kitwa ubwicanyi – Kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije gusa kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano – Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe, kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Barayavuga nyuma yuko aketsweho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoreye mushiki we Mukakarasira Jeannette, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busaba ko kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhanishije igihano kiremereye rutitaye ku bisobanuro yatanze by’uko atagambiriye gukora iki cyaha, avuga ko kandi urukiko rutitaye ku kuba yarasembuwe. Asaba Urukiko guca inkoni izamba akagabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko abazwa mu nzego zose yabajijwe ku cyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu, ariko ko yatunguwe no kubona yahamijwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi. Asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye Urupfu. Anavuga ko Urukiko ruramutse rubibonye ukundi rwamugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko icyaha uregwa yakoze ari ubwicanyi bwakozwe ku bushake aho kuba gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu. Ibyo bukabishingira ku kuba uregwa yarafashe isuka akayikubita mushiki we (nyakwigendera) mu mutwe inshuro ebyiri akaza kujyanwa kwa muganga agapfirayo. Bubishingira kandi ku kuba uregwa yarakoresheje intwaro yica, yibanda cyane cyane ku bice by’ingenzi by’umubiri, bityo ko atakwitwaza ko nyakwigendera atahise apfa (kuko yapfuye ageze kwa muganga) ngo avuge ko icyaha yakoze ari ugukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byatewe urupfu. Bunashingira kandi ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza

RPAA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwamurengeye (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko RLR V1-2014) p.133-140), aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko mu mu kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije gusa kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Busoza busaba ko inyito y’icyaha itahinduka icyaha kigakomeza kwitwa icy’ubwicanyi aho kuba icyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije gusa kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). 2. Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe, kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 0110/10/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs Uwamurengeye rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2014; RPA 00060/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 18/04/2021 saa yine za mu gitondo, mu mudugudu wa Kabeza, akagari ka Kanyangese, umurenge wa Rugarama, Akarere ka Gatsibo, Intara y’iBurasirazuba, uwitwa Mukakarasira Jeanette yakubiswe ifuni mu mutwe no mu mugongo, ajyanwa kwa muganga ariko agezeyo ahita apfa. [2] Iperereza ryaratangiye hakekwa Barayavuga Theogene, rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00551/2021/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 08/07/202, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Barayavuga Theogene no ku buhamya bwa

Nyiramana Vestine na Ndagijimana Emmanuel bashinje Barayavuga Theogene ko yishe mushiki we akoresheje ifuni, rwemeje ko Barayavuga Theogene ahamwe n’icyaha cy‘ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [4] Barayavuga Theogene yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana aho mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye yasobanuye ko, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhanishije igihano kiremereye rutitaye ku bisobanuro yatanze by’uko atagambiriye gukora iki cyaha, avuga ko kandi urukiko rutitaye ku kuba yarasembuwe. Yasabye uru Rukiko guca inkoni izamba akagabanyirizwa igihano. [5] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha we yavuze ko asanga izo mpamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite kuko Barayavuga atabashije kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye bigaragaza ko yasanze mushiki we mu murima, akamukubita isuka mu mutwe akamwica. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00917/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 27/9/2024, Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwemeje ko urubanza RP 00551/2021/TGI/NYG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare ku wa 08/07/2021, rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose bityo rugumishaho igifungo cya burundu cyahanishijwe Barayavuga Theogene. [7] Barayavuga Theogene nanone ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 01077/2024/CA ruburanishwa ku wa 01/12/2025, Barayavuga Theogene yunganiwe na Me Muragijimana Emmanuel, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Beatrice. [8] Mu myanzuro ya Barayavuga Theogene na Me Muragijimana Emmanuel umwunganira bavuga ko mu nzego z’iperereza, Barayavuga Theogene yabajijwe kandi akurikiranwa ku cyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu, bikaba byarahindutse bigeze ku nyandiko ikubiyemo ikirego ukayoberwa aho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi ku bushake giturutse. Basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko icyaha Barayavuga Theogene yakoze ari ugukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu, no kwemeza ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kuba yemera icyaha yakoze ndetse akaba abisabira imbabazi akagabanyirizwa ibihano. [9] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko icyaha Barayavuga Theogene yakoze ari ubwicanyi bwakozwe ku bushake aho kuba gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu kuko yakoresheje intwaro yica kandi ayikubita mu cyico agamije ko uwo ayitemeshe apfa. Naho kuba asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, avuga ko, Ubushinjacyaha busanga atagabanyirizwa ibihano, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Barayavuga Theogene nta shingiro bufite no gutegeka ko hagumaho ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [10] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruhereye kuri izi mpaka, rusanga ibibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa ari ibi bikurikira: 1) Kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Barayavuga Theogene yahamijwe yahinduka, agakurikiranwaho icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwicanyi. 2) Kumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma Barayavuga Theogene agabanyirizwa igihano

II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO 1. Kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Barayavuga Theogene yahamijwe yahinduka, agakurikiranwaho icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwicanyi. [11] Barayavuga Theogene na Me Muragijimana Emmanuel, umwunganira bavuga ko mw’iperereza, Barayavuga Theogene yabajijwe ku cyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu, kandi ngo n’inyandikomvugo y’imenyesha yohererejwe Ubushinjacyaha, igaragaza ko ari cyo cyaha bakoreye iperereza. [12] Bongeraho ko ngo umushinjacyaha abonye dosiye ivuye mw’iperereza, nawe yabajije ushinjwa ku cyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa kubushake byateye urupfu, ariko ngo inyandiko ikubiyemo ikirego yashyikirijwe Urukiko ngo yo ivuga ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi bakaba rero ngo barayobewe aho byavuye akaba ariyo mpamvu basaba ko hemezwa ko icyaha cyakozwe ari uri ugukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu nk’uko giteganywa n’ingingo ya 121 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [13] Bakomeza basobanura ko ibikorwa bigize icyaha cy’ubwicanyi bituzuye kuko habaye ibikorwa byo gukubita byateye urupfu nk’uko bigaragazwa mu buhamya bwatanzwe ko nyakwigendera utarahise apfa ahubwo ngo yajyanywe ku kigo nderabuzima cya Rugarama nacyo kimwohereza ku bitaro bya Kiziguro ari naho yapfiriye nk’uko byemezwa na raporo ya muganga yo ku wa 21/04/2021 yemeza ko urupfu rwe rwatewe n’ibikomere yagize. [14] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko icyaha Barayavuga Theogene yakoze ari ubwicanyi bwakozwe ku bushake aho kuba gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu. Avuga ko icyo abishingiraho ari uko yafashe isuka akayikubita mushiki we Mukakarasira Jeanette mu mutwe inshuro ebyiri akaza kujyanwa kwa muganga agapfirayo. [15] Akomeza avuga ko kuba nyakwigendera atarahise apfa ataribyo byatuma icyaha cyakozwe kititwa ubwicanyi bukozwe ku bushake kuko icyari kigamijwe ari urupfu harebewe ku ntwaro yakoreshejwe no ku bice by’ umubiri byatemwe. Ashingira kandi ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwamurengeye (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko RLR V1-2014) p.133- 140), aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko mu mu kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije gusa kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Asaba ko rero inyito y’icyaha itahinduka icyaha kigakomeza kwitwa icy’ubwicanyi aho kuba icyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka zishingiye ku kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Barayavuga Theogene yahamijwe yahinduka, agakurikiranwaho icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwicanyi.

[17] Mu gusesengura iki kibazo hakwifashishwa umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwamurengeye (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko RLR V1-2014) p.133-140, aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije gusa kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). [18] Dosiye igaragaza ko Barayavuga Theogene abazwa mu bugenzacyaha ku wa 21/04/2021 yavuzeko yemera icyaha asobanura ko yabonye mushiki we ari mu murima abagara ibishyimbo amusangayo amwaka ifuni yari arimo akoresha, ayimukubita mu mutwe nyuma aza gupfa. Dosiye igaragaza ko Barayavuga Theogene abazwa mu Bushinjacyaha ku wa 27/04/2021, yavuze ko icyaha acyemera asobanura ko yasanze mushiki mu bishyimbo amukubita ifuni ebyiri aza gupfa. [19] Dosiye igaragaza kandi raporo ya muganga yo ku wa 19/04/2021 ivuga ko urupfu rwa Mukakarasira Jeannette rwatewe n’ibikomere yagize mu mutwe kubera gukubitwa bibabaje. [20] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Barayavuga Theogene n’umwunganira bavuga ko kuva mu bugenzacyaha no mu bushinjacyaha yabajijwe ku cyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, bagasaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko bitakuraho ko Barayavuga Theogene yahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi hashingiwe ku bikorwa bigize icyaha kuko aribyo bigena inyito, cyane ko Barayavuga Theogene nawe yemera ko yakubise mushiki we ifuni mu mutwe kandi uko gukoresha ifuni ugakubita mu mutwe w’umuntu bigaragaza ubushake bwo kwica nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA 0110/10/CS rwavuzwe haruguru. [21] Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba Barayavuga Theogene yarakubise mushiki we bava inda imwe ifuni mu mutwe inshuro 3 bikamuviramo gupfa, bigaragara ko yari afite ubushake bwo kumwica harebwe igikoresho cyakoreshejwe (ifuni) n’igice cy’umubiri yakubise (mu mutwe) nk’uko urubanza RPAA 0110/10/CS rwavuzwe haruguru rubigaragaza, bityo rero kuba yarakurikiranyweho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi bikaba atari ukunyuranya n’amategeko. 2. Kumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma Barayavuga Theogene agabanyirizwa igihano [22] Barayavuga Theogene na Me Muragijimana Emmanuel, umwunganira bavuga ko kuva mu bugenzacyaha kugeza ubu, Barayavuga Theogene yemera icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomera ku bushatse byateye urupfu nk’uko giteganywa n’ingingo ya 121 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, akaba asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 58,59 na 60 z’iryo tegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [23] Bakomeza bavuga ko ariko urukiko nirubibona ukundi, rwashingira ku murongo rwatanze mu rubanza RPAA 00401/2022/CA haburana ubushinjacyaha na Ubarijoro Pierre rwaciwe ku wa 27/10/2023, aho Urukiko rwemeje ko nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha kabone n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba zidafite ishingiro. Bityo, basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza impamvu

nyoroshyacyaha yo kuba Barayavuga Theogene yemera icyaha yakoze ndeste akaba yarabisabiye imbabazi, rukamuhanisha igihano gito gishoboka. [24] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko asanga n’ubwo muri uru rubanza harimo impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zo kuba ari ubwa mbere Barayavuga Theogene akurikiranyweho icyaha, atagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku murongo wemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00451/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/3/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NIYITANGA Gad, ndetse n’umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 0021/14/CS- RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho, Iyo mirongo ikaba ihuriza ku kuba Urukiko rudategetswe kugabanya igihano n’iyo haba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. [25] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha asoza avuga ko, ibihano Barayavuga Theogene yahanishijwe bitagabanywa, asaba Urukiko gutegeka ko hagumaho ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru hashingiwe ku kuba icyaha aregwa yaragikoranye ubugome bukabije. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [26] Impaka zishingiye ku kumenya niba hari impamvu zatuma Barayavuga Theogene agabanyirizwa ibihano yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye. [27] Mu gusesengura iki kibazo hakwifashishwa urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara n’abandi, (igika cya 252-254) aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwatanze umurongo uvuga ko iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe, kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mu gutanga icyo gihano. [28] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu nkiko zibanza Barayavuga Theogene yaburanye avuga n’ubwo yakubise mushiki we ifuni mu mutwe akamwica, nta mugambi cyangwa ubushake yari afite, ahubwo ko yasembuwe. [29] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Barayavuga Theogene asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ku mpamvu y’uko yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko hashingiwe ku miburanire ye avuga ko nta bushake yagize bwo kwica mushiki we ahubwo akavuga ko icyo iyo yakoze ari ugukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu. [30] Nk’uko ariko byasobanuwe haruguru ubushake bwo gukora icyaha yari abufite bikaba bigaragazwa no kuba yarafashe nyakwigendera akamukubita ifuni mu mutwe inshuro 3, no mu mugongo, bigaragaza ubugome bukomeye yakoranye icyaha, bityo hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwavuzwe haruguru, nta makosa urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwakoze mu kutamugabanyiriza igihano, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [31] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Barayavuga Theogene nta shingiro bufite. [32] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00917/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 27/9/2024, idahindutse. [33] Rutegetse ko Barayavuga Theogene akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu.