UBUSHINJACYAHA v BAZAMBANZA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v BAZAMBANZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-30 - Case/document no.: RS/REV/RP 00060/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v BAZAMBANZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RS/REV/RP 00060/2024/CA(Gakwaya, P.J.) 30 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya – Kugira ngo ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya cyakirwe, urega agomba kugaragaza ko ikimenyetso yita gishya cyabonetse nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza, bivuze ko Urukiko rwaciye urwo rubanza rutari rukizi igihe rwaruburanishaga, ko atari azi ko kibaho (gihari) cyangwa atashoboraga kukigeraho, icyo kimenyetso kiba kandi ari kamarampaka ku buryo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urwo rubanza. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranye Bazambanza na bagenzi be (Harerimana, Habimana, Nyirahabimana, Mugabe na Abuba Makeke) mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, bubarega icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yuko mu rugo rw’uwo witwa Harerimana na Nyirahabimana, hafatiwe udupfunyika 24.000 tw’urumogi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Bazambanza, Harerimana, Habimana na Nyirahabimana, bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rubahanisha igihano cyo gufungwa burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana na miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw) naho Mugabe na Abuba Makeke ntibahamwa n’icyaha. Abahamwe n’icyaha bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru; Harerimana asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, Bazambanza asaba kurenganurwa avuga ko nta cyaha yakoze, Habimana asaba kurenganurwa kuko atigeze aba mu nzu bavuga ko ari dépôt y’urumogi ashinjwa, naho Nyirahabimana ajurira avuga ko adakwiye kuzira urumogi umugabo we Habimana yafatanywe kuko icyaha ari gatozi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rukomeza kwemeza ko abajuriye bahamwa n’icyaha ureste uwitwa Habimana wahanaguweho icyaha. Harerimana na Bazambanza bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, Harerimana avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhanishije igihano gihanitse cyo gufungwa burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), rwirengagije ko yaburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Bazambanza we avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwagendeye ku bimenyetso bitavugisha ukuri, birimo imvugo za Harerimana umushinja ibinyoma ashaka kumwihimuraho, no kuba Urukiko rwarashingiye ku mvugo yatanze mu Bugenzacyaha kubwo gushyirwaho agahato, asaba kurenganurwa. Uru Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko hari impamvu zituma Harerimana akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw), naho ko Bazambanza we adakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano. Bazambanza yatanze ikirego asubirishamo urwo rubanza ingingo nshya, asobanura ko ingingo nshya ashingiraho ari ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Mukamukama (Maman Queen) bumushinjura, akaba asaba ko hashingiwe kuri ubwo buhamya urubanza rwe rwakongera kuburanishwa kugira ngo arenganurwe. Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inzitizi, buvuga ko ikirego cya Bazambanza cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya kitakwakirwa kuko ibyo yita ingingo nshya bidateganyijwe mu ngingo ya 197 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Kugira ngo ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya cyakirwe, urega agomba kugaragaza ko ikimenyetso yita gishya cyabonetse nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza, bivuze ko Urukiko rwaciye urwo rubanza rutari rukizi igihe rwaruburanishaga, ko atari azi ko kibaho (gihari) cyangwa atashoboraga kukigeraho, icyo kimenyetso kiba kandi ari kamarampaka ku buryo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urwo rubanza. Ikirego nticyakiriwe.

Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Niyonsenga, RP 00001/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/3/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 31/7/2019, mu rugo rwa Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy na Nyirahabimana Zawadi, hafatiwe udupfunyika 24.000 tw’urumogi, abo barafatwa, hanafatwa kandi Bazambanza Omar, Habimana Muhamedi, Mugabe Ibrahim na Abuba Makeke baketsweho kuba abafatanyacyaha babo. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze abo bose mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyabahama, buri wese agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw). [3] Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy yaburanye yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, naho Nyirahabimana Zawadi, Bazambanza Omar, Habimana Muhamedi, Mugabe Ibrahim na Abuba Makeke baburana bahakana icyaha. [4] Mu rubanza no RP 01112/2019/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 27/9/2019, rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy, ku mvugo z’abakekwaho icyaha bashinjanya, ku nyandikomvugo y’ibyagaragaye no kuri raporo y’inzego z’ibanze bigaragaza ingano y’urumogi rwafatiriwe, ku isubiracyaha kwa Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy, Habimana Muhamedi na Bazambanza Omar, rwemeje ko Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy, Habimana Muhamedi, Bazambanza Omar na Nyirahabimana Zawadi bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi bihambaye, rubahanisha igihano cyo gufungwa burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana na miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), naho Mugabe Ibrahim na Abuba Makeke bagirwa abere. [5] Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy, Habimana Muhamedi, Bazambanza Omar na Nyirahabimana Zawadi, bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru; Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze

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kwita Kennedy asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, Bazambanza Omar asaba kurenganurwa avuga ko nta cyaha yakoze, ko Harerimana na Habimana Muhamedi bamushinje bamwihimuraho kuko ari we wabatanze agaragaza ko bacuruza urumogi, Habimana Muhamedi asaba kurenganurwa kuko atigeze aba mu nzu bavuga ko ari dépôt y’urumogi ashinjwa, naho Nyirahabimana Zawadi ajurira avuga ko adakwiye kuzira urumogi umugabo we Habimana Muhamedi yafatanywe kuko icyaha ari gatozi. [6] Mu rubanza no RPA 01686/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 20/5/2022, rushingiye ku kuba Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy atemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, ndetse akaba yarakoze isubiracyaha, rwemeje ko akomeza guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana na miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), rushingiye kandi ku kuba Nyirahabimana Zawadi atarashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso bimushinja, ahubwo akivuguruza mu mvugo ze, ariko akaba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, rwemeje ko ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Kuri Bazambanza Omar, rushingiye ku kuba atarashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso bimushinja harimo n’imvugo ya Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy, ndetse no kuba yarakoze isubiracyaha, rwemeje ko akomeza guhanishwa igihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. Kuri Habimana Muhamedi, Urukiko Rukuru rwategetse ko igihano yari yahawe gikuweho, rumugira umwere rushingiye ku kuba ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha harimo kwivuguruza. [7] Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy na Bazambanza Omar bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhanishije igihano gihanitse cyo gufungwa burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), rwirengagije ko yaburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Bazambanza Omar avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwagendeye ku bimenyetso bitavugisha ukuri, birimo imvugo za Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy umushinja ibinyoma ashaka kumwihimuraho, no kuba Urukiko rwarashingiye ku mvugo yatanze mu Bugenzacyaha kubwo gushyirwaho agahato, asaba kurenganurwa. [8] Mu rubanza no RPAA 00432/2022/CA-CMB RPAA 00562/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/2/2024, rushingiye ku kuba Harerimana Jean-Pierre yaraburanye yemera icyaha, agasobanura imikorere y’icyaha ntacyo ahishe, ku kuba mu Bugenzacyaha Bazambanza Omar yariyemereye ko yafashwe agiye kwereka uwitwa maman Queen aho agura urumogi kwa Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy, kuba Bazambanza Omar yaremeye ko ari we wahuje Mpirikanye Pascal na Harerimana Jean-Pierre bakunze kwita Kennedy, ndetse bombi (Bazambanza na Harerimana) bakamuzanira udupfunyika 300 tw’urumogi yaje gufatanwa, abajijwe aho yaruvanye avuga ko ari Bazambanza Omar warumuhaye ari nabwo uyu nawe yafatwaga, kuba nta kigaragaza ko Bazambanza Omar yakubiswe kugira ngo agire ibyo yemera no kuba yarakoze isubiracyaha, rwemeje ko Harerimana Jean- Pierre akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw), ko Bazambanza Omar adakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana na miliyoni mirongo itatu (30. 000.000 Frw) yahanishijwe kigumaho.

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[9] Ku wa 29/7/2024, Bazambanza Omar yatanze ikirego asubirishamo urubanza no RPAA 00432/2022/CA-CMB RPAA 00562/2022/CA ingingo nshya, asobanura ko ingingo nshya ashingiraho ari ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Mukamukama Béatrice (Maman Queen) bumushinjura, akaba asaba ko hashingiwe kuri ubwo buhamya urubanza rwe rwakongera kuburanishwa kugira ngo arenganurwe. [10] Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inzitizi, buvuga ko ikirego cya ko Bazambanza Omar cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya kitakwakirwa kuko ibyo yita ingingo nshya bidateganyijwe mu ngingo ya 197 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. [11] Urubanza rwahawe nº RS/REV/RP 00060/2024/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 16/12/2025, Bazambanza Omar yunganiwe na Me Munyaneza Sarto, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [12] Harebwe imyanzuro n’imiburanire y’ababuranyi, ikibazo kizasuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba ikirego cya Bazambanza Omar cyo gusubirishamo urubanza no RPAA 00432/2022/CA-CMB RPAA 00562/2022/CA ingingo nshya gikwiye kwakirwa. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO Kumenya niba ikirego cya Bazambanza Omar cyo gusubirishamo urubanza no RPAA 00432/2022/CA- CMB RPAA 00562/2022/CA ingingo nshya gikwiye kwakirwa [13] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko bukurikije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 197 y’Itegeko no 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ndetse n’umurongo1 wafashwe mu manza zitandukanye uru Rukiko rwaciye, busanga ikirego cya Bazambanza Omar kitakwakirwa, kuko ubuhamya bwa Mukamukama Béatrice (Maman Queen) ashingiraho asaba gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya, bugamije gushinjura Bazambanza Omar, uwo mugore avugamo ko atamuhamagaye amusaba kumurangira aho yagura urumogi, atari ikimenyetso gishya cyatuma urubanza rusubirwamo kuko ibijyanye n’uwo maman Queen, byagiye biburanwaho mu Nkiko zose kugeza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ndetse bifatwaho icyemezo nk’uko bigaragara mu gace ka cumi n’icyenda (19) n’aka mirongo itatu na kamwe (31) tw’urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, ko bavuganye kuri telefone amusaba kumurangira aho yagurira urumogi. [14] Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza buvuga ko uretse no kuba ibijyanye na maman Queen byaraburanyweho mu Nkiko zose bikaba bidashobora kwitwa ikimenyetso gishya, kuri iyi nshuro maman Queen mu mazina ye bwite nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko y’ubuhamya bwe, yitwa Mukamukama Béatrice, mu gihe mbere Bazambanza Omar yavugaga ko amazina bwite ya maman Queen bavuganye amusaba kujya kumushakira imodoka imujyana kwa muganga, n’ubwo Urukiko rwabyemeje ukundi nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, ari Nyirahabimana Fatima, ko rero ibyo ari ugushaka kujijisha Urukiko gusa kuko uko ubwo buhamya atari n’ikimenyetso cyatuma urubanza

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ruhinduka, kuko hari n’ibindi bimenyetso byashingiweho Bazambanza Omar ahamwa n’icyaha, bugasaba rero ko ikirego cye kitakwakirwa kuko kitujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko. [15] Me Munyaneza Sarto na Bazambanza Omar yunganira, bavuga ko ibivugwa n’Ubushinjacyaha ko ibijyanye na maman Queen yabiburanyeho mu Nkiko zitandukanye, nta shingiro bifite kuko ahubwo yakomeje guzisaba ko yahamagazwa kugira ngo asobanure uburyo bavuganye kuri telefone amusaba kumushakira imodoka imujyana kwa muganga ku Muhima, aho kuba kumurangira aho agura urumogi nk’uko Inkiko zabyemeje, ariko ntibyitabwaho, ko ndetse nyuma aho yamenyeye ko Bazambanza Omar yafunzwe bivugwa ko yamuhamagaye amurangiraga aho yagura urumogi kandi ataribyo, ari bwo yatanze ubuhamya mu nyandiko abeshyuza ayo makuru. Bakomeza bavuga ko maman Queen Mukamukama Béatrice na maman Queen Nyirahabimana Fatima ari umuntu umwe, ko habayeho kwibeshya ku mazina ye yavuze mbere ayabwiwe n’abaturage, nyuma akaba yaraje kumenya amazina ye nyakuri ari nayo agaragara mu buhamya buri mu nyandiko yatanze, bagasaba rero ko ikirego cye cyakwakirwa, hakemezwa ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka ziri muri iyi ngingo ni ukumenya niba ikimenyetso kigizwe n’ubuhamya bw’inyandiko bw’uwitwa Mukamukama Béatrice bakunze kwita maman Queen, cyujuje ibisabwa n’Itegeko kugira ngo cyitwe gishya ku buryo cyatuma ikirego cya Bazambanza Omar gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya cyakirwa. [17] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza nº RP 00001/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/3/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonsenga Dieudonné, rusuzumira hamwe ingingo ya 197, igika cya mbere, agace ka gatanu (5°), y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, n’ibika bya kabiri (2) na gatatu (3) by’iyo ngingo, hamwe n’ingingo ya 200, igika cya mbere, z’iryo Tegeko, rwagaragaje ko zumvukanisha ko kugira ngo ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya cyakirwe, urega agomba kugaragaza ko ikimenyetso yita gishya cyabonetse nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza, bivuze ko Urukiko rwaciye urwo rubanza rutari rukizi igihe rwaruburanishaga, ko atari azi ko kibaho (gihari) cyangwa atashoboraga kukigeraho kuva atangira gukurikiranywa, ni ukuvuga ko afite inshingano yo kugaragaza impamvu yamubuzaga kukibona cyangwa kukigeraho. Rwasobanuye kandi ko iryo Tegeko ryumvikanisha ko icyo kimenyetso ari kamarampaka ku buryo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urwo rubanza, ni ukuvuga ko ku birebana n’ushinjwa, kigaragaza ko ari umwere, (….). [18] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gace ka cumi n’icyenda (19) n’aka mirongo itatu na kamwe (31) tw’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko rwabajije Bazambanza Omar icyo yahamagariraga uwitwa maman Queen, arubwira ko atamuzi ko yabonye iryo zina bwa mbere muri dosiye, asomewe ibyo yamuvuzeho mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, yemera ko agifatwa yavuze ko yari agiye gushaka imodoka yo gutwara Nyirahabimana Fatima ( maman Queen) kwa muganga, ko atari maman Queen uvugwaho ibiyobyabwenge, ko uyu umushinja, ari Ubushinjacyaha bukwiye kumuzana bakavuguruzanya. Rwanzura ko kuba mu Bugenzacyaha Bazambanza Omar yariyemereye ko yafashwe agiye kwereka uwitwa maman Queen aho agura urumogi kwa Harerimana, nyuma agatangira guhakana ko atamuzi (….) ko

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imiburanire ye y’uko ibyo yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha yabitewe n’ibikorwa bibabaza umubiri yakorewe nta shingiro ifite. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubuhamya bw’inyandiko bwo ku wa 12/7/2024 bw’uwitwa maman Queen, Bazambanza Omar avuga ko ari ikimenyetso gishya cyabonetse nyuma y’uko urubanza asabira gusubirishamo ingingo nshya ruciwe, burebewe hamwe n’umurongo uru Rukiko rwatanze mu manza ku kibazo gisa nicye wagaragajwe haruguru, budashobora kwitwa ikimenyetso Urukiko rwaciye urwo rubanza rutari ruzi igihe rwaruburanishaga, nawe atari azi ko kibaho (gihari), kuko mbere na mbere nk’uko bigaragara bwanditswe ku wa 12/7/2024 nyuma y’uko urubanza ruciwe ku wa 23/2/2024, bivuze ko iyo nyandiko itari isanzwe ihari ngo habe harabayeho kutayimenya ngo ishingirweho, ndetse n’uwo bivugwa ko yabutanze si ubwa mbere avuzwe mu rubanza kuko bigitangira uregwa ariwe wivugiye uwo muntu bituma Ubushinjacyaha n’Inkiko zigira ibyo zimuvugaho, ndetse harebwe n’ibivugwa muri iyo nyandiko nta kamere y’ikimenyetso kamarampaka ifite, kivuguruza ibindi byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha, nko kuba ubwe hari ibyo yiyemereye byashimangiwe n’ibyo abafatanyacyaha be bamushinje, ku buryo cyahindura icyemezo Bazambanza Omar yafatiwe mu rubanza. [20] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ikirego cya Bazambanza Omar cyo gusaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza n° RPAA 00432/2022/CA-CMB RPAA 00562/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/2/2024, kitagomba kwakirwa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza n° RPAA 00432/2022/CA-CMB RPAA 00562/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/2/2024, cyatanzwe na Bazambanza Omar kitakiriwe; [22] Rwemeje ko urubanza n° RPAA 00432/2022/CA-CMB RPAA 00562/2022/CA rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 23/2/2024, rugumyeho; [23] Rutegetse ko amagarama y'urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.