UBUSHINJACYAHA v BIZIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v BIZIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01282/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v BIZIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 01282/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 30 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igihano – Igihano mu bujurire – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano.. Incamake y’ikibazo: Muri uru rubanza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze uregwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, bumukurikiranye ku cyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yuko aketsweho kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, abanyerondo baza kumufatana udupfunyika 50 tw’urumogi agiye kurugurisha. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). Uregwa yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, yemera ko acuruza urumogi asobanura ko atazongera kwishora mu biyobyabwenge, ko amaze kwicuza icyo cyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano agahabwa bito bishoboka. Urwo Rukiki narwo rwaciye urubanza rusanga adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku kwemera icyaha kwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, kuko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yahakanye icyaha, rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye kukuba ari ubwa mbere yaraguye mu cyaha ku buryo buzwi ndetse no kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, nuko rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. Uregwa nanone yarajuriye noneho mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asab kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko Urukiko Rukuru rutabimugabanyirije bihagije bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze ndetse no kumirongo yafashwe mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko impamvu ze z’ubujurire zidafite ishingiro kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije ibihano bihagije, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, kikaba gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze. Bukomeza busobanura ko n’ubwo igihano gito ari imyaka 15, kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije kugeza kuri 17, nta tegeko rwishe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe;

## Page 2

Urubanza ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana alias Sankara RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Ubushinjacyaha vs Uwizeyimana, RPAA 00185/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/04/2025. Ubushinjacyaha vs Uwanyirigira, RPAA 01195/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] BIZIMANA Emmanuel yaketsweho kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, abanyerondo baza kumufatana udupfunyika 50 tw’urumogi agiye kurugurisha uwitwa GASONGO ari nawe watanze amakuru ko bamutegereje abazanire urumogi kuko asanzwe arucuruza, bahita bamufata. Ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000 Frw. [3] BIZIMANA Emmanuel, yaburanye avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rwari urwo kunywa akaba asaba ko aricyo cyaha yahanirwa kandi agisabira imbabazi. [4] Mu rubanza N° RP 01477/2020/TGI/NYGE, rwaciwe ku wa 06/01/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bihamya BIZIMANA Emmanuel icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi bigizwe na: a) Imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha yemera ko urumogi yafatanwe udupfunyika 50 yaragiye kurugurisha uwitwa GASONGO bamaze no kumvikana igiciro, ariko aza gufatwa kubera amakuru GASONGO yamutangiye; b) Imvugo y’umutangabuhamya NIYIBIZI Richard umushinja kugurisha urumogi; c) Inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira igaragaza ingano y’urumogi yafatanwe. Urukiko rwashingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeza ko BIZIMANA Emmanuel ahamwe n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Rumuhanisha igifungo

## Page 3

cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). [5] BIZIMANA Emmanuel yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, yemera ko acuruza urumogi asobanura ko atazongera kwishora mu biyobyabwenge, ko amaze kwicuza icyo cyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano agahabwa bito bishoboka. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze rumugabanyiriza ibihano ariko ko Urukiko Rukuru rwazasuzuma ubusabe bwe harebwa Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rukamugabanyiriza ibihano. [7] Mu rubanza N° RPA 00155/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 30/10/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo gusuzuma impamvu z’ubujurire za BIZIMANA Emmanuel, rwasanze adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku kwemera icyaha kwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, kuko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yahakanye icyaha, rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye kukuba ari ubwa mbere yaraguye mu cyaha ku buryo buzwi ndetse no kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje kuko yafatanwe urumogi atari yarugurisha, runashingira ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko no 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse ku bijyanye n’ibihano. Rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [8] BIZIMANA Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa N° RPAA 01282/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 11/12/2025, BIZIMANA Emmanuel yunganiwe na Me MUKANDERA Clotilde wohererejwe na Me Catherine A. SEBAZUNGU wamuteguriye umwanzuro w’inyongera ariko akagira impamvu zo kutaboneka k’umunsi w’iburanisha kubera kujya kuvuza mu mahanga umugabo we warwaye, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na SIBOMANA Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire, BIZIMANA Emmanuel na Me Catherine A. SEBAZUNGU umwunganira, basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko Urukiko Rukuru rutabimugabanyirije bihagije bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze ndetse no kumirongo yafashwe mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu ze z’ubujurire zidafite ishingiro kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije ibihano bihagije, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, kikaba gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze. Bukomeza busobanura ko n’ubwo igihano gito ari imyaka 15, kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije kugeza kuri 17, nta tegeko rwishe. [11] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba BIZIMANA Emmanuel akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba BIZIMANA Emmanuel akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano [12] BIZIMANA Emmanuel n’umwunganira basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko atabigabanyirijwe bihagije bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze zijyanye ni uko yemeye

## Page 4

icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, kuba aribwo bwa mbere akoze icyaha, no kuba amaze kugororoka. Basaba ko agabanyirizwa ibihano bashingiye kubiteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, rihindura Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [13] Barabisaba banashingiye ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza: no RPAA 00257/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/11/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na UVOMYAYINGWE Esron, igika cya 41 n’icya 42, urubanza no RPAA 00540/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/02/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na REBERO Constantin Thierry, igika cya 37, n’urubanza ruyoboye izindi no RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MPITABAKANA. [14] Bakomeza basobanura ko izo manza zasuzumye ikibazo cy’uko umuburanyi utaragabanyirijwe ibihano uko bikwiye, ashobora kujurira asaba kubigabanyirizwa. Basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kumugabanyiriza igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15, bavuga ko ntaho Itegeko ribibuza. [15] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko BIZIMANA Emmanuel yagabanyirijwe ibihano ahabwa ibikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) n’aka (d) y’Itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [16] Bukomeza busobanura ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije ibihano rushingiye kubushishozi bwarwo kuko yari yemeye icyaha mu bujurire kandi nta kamaro byari kumugirira, ariko mubushishozi bwarwo, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. [17] Busobanura kandi ko ikibazo cyo kumenya niba uwagabanyirijwe ibihano mu nkiko zibanza yakongera kugabanyirizwa mu bujurire, cyatanzweho umurongo mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ziyobowe n’urubanza no RPA 0129/10/CS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MPITABAKANA1, buvuga ko umurongo watanzwe muri urwo rubanza wagiye ukurikizwa no muzindi manza harimo n’urubanza no RPAA 00165/2024/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 30/05/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na UWIMANA Faida, igika cya 12, urubanza no RPA 00071/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 07/06/2019, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NDORIMANA Emmanuel n’abandi, igika cya 14. [18] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga kandi ko nta nenge cyangwa amakosa byakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kuko ukwemera icyaha BIZIMANA Emmanuel asabisha kugabanyirizwa igihano kudafite ishingiro kuko yemeye icyaha mu bujurire kandi yaragihakanye aburana ku rwego rwa mbere. Bukomeza busaba ko ibihano BIZIMANA Emmanuel yahanishijwe byagumaho kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

1 Busobanura ko muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko “Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo »,

## Page 5

[19] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” [20] N’aho ibirebana no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu yonyine y’ubujurire, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/20222, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00185/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/04/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na UWIZEYIMANA Emmanuel3. [21] Mu bika bikurikira, harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha BIZIMANA Emmanuel, igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) ku cyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Urukiko rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa se ubushishozi bwarwo. [22] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, BIZIMANA Emmanuel yarezwe icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, akaba yarafatanwe udupfunyika 50 tw’urumogi, akaba yaraburanye ahakana icyo cyaha, avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rwari urwo kunywa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rumuhamya icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw. [23] Mu Rukiko Rukuru, yajuriye yemera icyaha, asobanura ko yacuruje urumogi, ariko ko atazongera kwishora mu biyobyabwenge, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urukiko Rukuru rumugabanyiriza ibihano rushingiye kuzindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rugaragaza ko rudashingira ku kwemera icyaha kwe kuko yemeye icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire, rumugabanyiriza ibihano rushingiye kukuba ari ubwa mbere yaguye mu cyaha ku buryo buzwi, kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, ndetse no kuba harasohotse Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kandi urubanza rwe rutari rwaba Itegeko, rushingira ku ngingo ya 2(a) na (d) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018

2 Reba igika cya 252-254 3 Reba igika cya 13.

## Page 6

riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rurasanga, kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarasanze BIZIMANA Emmanuel afite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma yagabanyirizwa ibihano, n’ubwo rwabimugabanyirije rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 17, ntacyari kurubuza kubimugabanyiriza kugeza kugifungo cy’imyaka 15 nk’uko rwabikoze rumugabanyiriza ihazabu kugeza kuri 5.000.000 Frw rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) n’aka (d), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryagarutsweho mu gika cya 18 cy’uru rubanza, aho iyo ngingo agace ka (a) igaragaza ko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyocyaha zituma igihano gishobora kugabanywa, “igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … agace ka (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, no kuba BIZIMANA Emmanuel afite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 17 yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [26] Rurasanga kandi hari imanza zaciwe muri uru Rukiko ku bantu bakoze ibyaha bijya gusa n’icyo BIZIMANA Emmanuel yahamijwe harimo urubanza N° RPAA 01195/2024/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/20254, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na UWANYIRIGIRA Eugénie, aho uyu yafatanwe udupfunyika 75 tw’urumogi, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rumugabanyiriza igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ya 6.000.000Frw yahanishijwe n’Urukiko rubanza, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw kuko bwari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranwe mu nkiko ku buryo buzwi. [27] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga, BIZIMANA Emmanuel nawe akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranweho icyaha imbere y’inkiko ndetse no kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge (udupfunyika 50 tw’urumogi) ugereranyije n’ibiyobyabwenge UWANYIRIGIRA Eugénie yafatanwe (udupfunyika 75 tw’urumogi) nyamara agabanyirizwa kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15, bityo rero, BIZIMANA Emmanuel akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na BIZIMANA Emmanuel bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [29] Rwemeje ko urubanza N° RPA 00155/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 30/10/2024, ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano cy’igifungo BIZIMANA Emmanuel yahanishijwe; [30] Rutegetse ko BIZIMANA Emmanuel ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw).

4 Reba igika cya 29 n’icya 30 y’urwo rubanza.