UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BYIRINGIRO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BYIRINGIRO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00209/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BYIRINGIRO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00209/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.,) 17 Mata 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange – Kugabanyirizwa igihano – Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 – Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa igihano iyo cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko ku cyaha kimuhama cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mubwoko bw’urumogi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Byiringiro Emmanuel yafatanwe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 6.605, maze ubushinjacyaha bumurega icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, aburana avuga ko yahawe akazi ko gutwara imizigo y’ibirayi n’amasaka ku igare ayitwara atazi ko harimo urumogi. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rushingiye ku kuba uregwa yemeye icyaha aregwa, no ku buhamya butandukanye, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), maze ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Byiringiro Emmanuel yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda urumogi kandi ntacyo yakoze, avuga ko n’ubwo yafatanwe urumogi, ntiyari azi ko arufite, kuko yahawe akazi ko gutwara imizigo ku igare, bamubwira ko ari ibirayi n’amasaka, nti yamenya ko hagati harimo urumogi; bityo akaba asaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Byiringiro Emmanuel akomeza guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, ariko ko akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha kandi akaba akiri muto, rwemeza ko ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans). Byiringiro Emmanuel yajuriye bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko igihano Byiringiro Emmanuel yahanishijwe kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa igihano iyo cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko ku cyaha kimuhama cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mubwoko bw’urumogi. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 12/06/2020, Byiringiro Emmanuel ari mu Mudugudu wa Base, Akagali ka Rwamahwa, Umurenge wa Base, Akarere ka Rulindo, yafatanwe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 6.605 ruri mu mizigo y’ibirayi n’amasaka yari atwaye ku igare. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, aburana avuga ko yahawe akazi ko gutwara imizigo y’ibirayi n’amasaka ku igare ayitwara atazi ko harimo urumogi. [2] Mu rubanza RP00 384/2020/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 21/07/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rushingiye ku kuba Byiringiro Emmanuel yemera ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 6.605 tw’urumogi, ubuhamya bwa Bizabarimana Jean de Dieu na Ntuyemubanzi Gaspard bamushinja ko bamufatanye urumogi rwinshi, inyandiko y’ifatira ry’udupfunyika 6.605 tw’urumogi Byiringiro Emmanuel yafatanwe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw), rutegeka ko urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 6.605 rwafatiriwe rutwikwa. [3] Byiringiro Emmanuel yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahamije icyaha cyo gutunda urumogi kandi ntacyo yakoze kuko n’ubwo yafatanwe urumogi ariko atari azi ko arufite, asobanura ko nk’umunyonzi yahawe akazi ko gutwara imizigo ku igare, bamubwira ko ari ibirayi n’amasaka, nti yamenya ko hagati harimo urumogi; asaba kwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ubujurire bwa Byiringiro Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite kuko atavuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho bimuhamya icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. [4] Mu rubana RPA 00964/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 11/03/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Byiringiro Emmanuel akomeza guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, rusanga ariko akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha kandi akaba akiri muto, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu n’ibihumbi ijana (5.100.000Frw). [5] Byiringiro Emmanuel yajuriye bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00209/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 03/04/2025, yunganiwe na Me Ruberwa N. Silas, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

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[6] Mu bujurire bwe, Byiringiro Emmanuel n’umwunganira basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, hashingiwe ku manza zaciwe aho Urukiko rwagabanyirije ibihano abakoze icyaha gisa nk’icye baganishwa igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko igihano Byiringiro Emmanuel yahanishijwe kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe. [7] Hakurikijwe iyo miburanire, Urukiko rurasanga muri uru rubanza, ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ari ikijyanye no kumenya niba Byiringiro Emmanuel ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Byiringiro Emmanuel ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [8] Byiringiro Emmanuel asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko kuko ari ubwa mbere yakurikiraho icyaha, ibyo bigakorwa hashingiwe ku manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga harimo urubanza RS/ICONST/SPEC 00003/2019/CS rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2020 n’urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00006/2020/CS rwaciwe ku wa 12/02/2020, zemeje ko ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange idakwiye gukoreshwa kuko ibuza Umucamanza kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, bityo ikaba inyuranye n’amahame yo gutanga ubutabera buboneye kuko idaha Umucamanza ubwigenge n’ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ubutabera, ko Umucamanza afite inshingano yo guhanisha uwahamwe n’icyaha igihano gikwiye akurikije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [9] Me Ruberwa N. Silas, avuga ko ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 14/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, itagombaga gushingirwa kuko iryo Tegeko ryasohotse icyaha Byiringiro Emmanuel aregwa cyarakozwe kandi nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza RPAA 00251/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Ntakirutimana Damien mugika cyarwo cya 20 n’urubanza RPAA 00624/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/02/2024 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Niyibizi Anicet igika cya 17, iyo hari amategeko abiri ahana rimwe ryariho icyaha gikorwa n’irindi ryasohotse nyuma urubanza rukiburanishwa, Itegeko rikoreshwa ari iryorohereza uregwa. Ko rero hagombaga gushingirwa ku mirongo yatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye yakoreshwaga mbere y’uko iryo Tegeko risohoka yemerera Umucamanza kugabanya igihano akaba yajya munsi y’igihano gito gitanywa n’Itegeko igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [10] Me Ruberwa N. Silas avuga kandi ko, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC/00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 4/12/2019, asanga ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru yakoreshejwe mu kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano, inanyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga kuko ibuza Umucamanza guca urubanza ashingiye ku bwigenge ahabwa n’Itegeko, bityo ko idakwiye gushingirwaho, ahubwo ko hashingirwa ku rubanza RPAA 00305/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/04/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na

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Nyirandikubwayo Jeannette nawe warezwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi akatirwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) aho kuba imyaka makumyabiri (20), n’urubanza RPAA 00295/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/09/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngendahimana Cyprien waregwaga icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka itandatu (6) aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20), maze Byiringiro Emmanuel nawe agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5). [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agace ka (a) na (d), igihano Byiringiro Emmanuel yahawe aricyo gito gishoboka kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa. Naho ku bijyanye no gushingira ku manza zaciwe zemeje ko igihano gishobora kugabanywa kikajya munsi y’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, buvuga ko bitahabwa ishinhiro kuko nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul (igika cya 26), umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho (cyangwa ryahinduwe). [12] Ku bijyanye n’imanza RPAA 00251/2022/CA na RPAA 00624/2022/CA zemeje ko Itegeko rikurikizwa iyo hari impurirane y’amategeko abiri ahana, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko harimo kwitiranya ibintu kuko nta kibazo cy’impurirane z’amategeko kiri muri uru rubanza, ahubwo ko hari ikibazo cy’imirongo yafashwe hashingiwe ku mategeko abiri atandukanye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe ku bantu bahamijwe icyaha cyo kubika, gucuruza no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi) bahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bakajurira basaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 21 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeje ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe2.

1 Ivuga ko: Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; (…), (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.

2 Murizo harimo nk’urubanza N° RPAA 00538/2024/ca rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2025 haburana ubushinjacyaha na cyuzuzo jean claude (igika cya 12), urubanza n rpaa 00594/2024/ca rwaciwe ku wa 26/02/2025 haburana ubushinjacyaha na uwayezu claudette (igika cya 14) n’zindi.

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[14] Na none Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul3, rwemeje ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa4. [15] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa ibigaragaza, mu Rukiko Rukuru Byiringiro Emmanuel yagabanyirijwe igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu n’ibihumbi ijyana (5.100.000Frw) ku cyaha kimuhama cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi. [16] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano Byiringiro Emmanuel yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko ku cyaha kimuhama cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mubwoko bw’urumogi, kikaba kidashobora kugibwa munsi. [17] Naho ku bijyanye n’imanza zaciwe z’abantu baregwa icyaha nk’icyo Byiringiro Emmanuel aregwa bagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga izo manza zidashobora gushingirwaho kuko umurongo zashingiyeho wemerera Umucamanza kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, wari ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusanga, iyo ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, kandi nk’uko byemejwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza zibukijwe mu gika cyaha 14 cy’uru rubanza, izo manza zikaba zitagikurikizwa. [18] Ku bijyanye n’imiburanire ya Me Ruberwa N. Silas, y’uko Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ritagombaga gushingirwaho kuko ryasohotse icyaha cyarakozwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro ifite kuko Itegeko rihana icyaha cy’ikoreshwa ritemewe ry’ibiyobyabwenge55 ritigeze rihinduka kuva aho icyaha gikurikiranwe cyakorewe, ahubwo icyahindutse ni ingingo ya 60 y’iryo Tegeko yateganyaga uburyo ibihano bigabanywa igihe hari impamvu nyoroshya, yateganyaga ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cyo gufungwa burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 25, yaje guhindurwa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi igifungo

3 Urwo rubanza mu gika cyarwo cya 26 rwemeje ko Umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe.

4 Reba urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse (igika cya 17-18), urubanza RPAA 00538/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude (igika cya 12) n’izindi

5 Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange

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cy’imyaka 15. Bivuze ko ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 59/2023 ariyo igabanya igihano ku buryo bworoheje (igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikije munsi y’imyaka 15) ugereranyije n’ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 (igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijwe munsi y’imyaka 25) igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Nta kosa ryakozwe rero mu gushingira kuri iyo ngingo. [19] Ku bijyanye na none n’imiburanire ya Me Ruberwa N. Silas y’uko ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru inyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga, bityo ko idakwiye gushingirwaho, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nayo nta shingiro ifite kuko uretse kuba abivuga mu magambo gusa atagaragaza ko hari icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko rubifite ububasha kibyemeza uko nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 796 n’iya 727 z’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. [20] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Byiringiro Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rudahindutse. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Byiringiro Emmanuel, nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00964/2020/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 11/03/2024, idahindutse; [23] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu n’ibihumbi ijana (5.100.000 Frw) Byiringiro Emmanuel yahanishijwe muri urwo rubanza, kigumyeho; [24] Rutegetse ko Byiringiro Emmanuel asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

6 Ivuga ko “Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo gukemura impaka mu rwego rwa mbere n’urwa nyuma bukurikira: 1° gufata icyemezo ku birego birebana n’uko amategeko ngenga, amasezerano mpuzamahanga, amategeko n’amategeko-teka anyuranye n’Itegeko Nshinga (…..)”.

7 Ivuga ko “Umuntu ku giti cye, ikigo cyangwa umuryango ufite ubuzimagatozi bashobora kuregera Urukiko rw’Ikirenga basaba kwemeza ko itegeko rinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga iyo babifitemo inyungu. ……. Iyo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko iryo tegeko rinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga, ruhita rubimenyesha mu nyandiko Inteko Ishinga Amategeko na Guverinoma. Icyo cyemezo gitangazwa mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda”.