UBUSHINJACYAHA v BYUKUSENGE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v BYUKUSENGE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2026-12-15 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00471/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v BYUKUSENGE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00471/2022/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.) 15 Ukuboza 2026] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – kwemera icyaha – Agaciro k’imvugo yo kwemera icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza - Umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi ni we uha agaciro imvugo y’uwiyemereye icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza yagera imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura, akabikora mu bushishozi bwe no mu busesenguzi bwe akoresheje umutimanama we akareba ukuri kuri mu mvugo zihakanywe na nyirazo n’agaciro yaziha, akurikije uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo amaze no kuzigereranya n’ibindi bimenyetso biri muri dosiye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Byukusenge yafashwe n’abapolisi acuruza urumogi basanze muri anverope muri butike ye, abajijwe yemera ko arucuruza. Hashingiwe ku kwemera kwe mu bugenzacyaha no mu bushinjacyaha, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga nta kimenyetso na kimwe Ubushinjacyaha butanga kigaragariza Urukiko nta shiti, ko haba hari igikorwa cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge Byukusenge Marie Aimée yaba yarakoze, cyangwa umugambi wo kugikora, rumugira umwere. Ubushinjacyaha bwajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru buvuga ko urukiko rwirengagije ibimenyetso bwatanze bwemeza ko uregwa ari umwere kandi hari ibimenyetso bikimuhamya. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze harabayeho kwibeshya byakozwe n’Urukiko rwabanje kuko hari ibimenyetso bidashidikanwaho bigaragaza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha, rumuhamya icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ariko rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000 Frw. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi nta bimenyetso bikimuhamya. Byukusenge asobvanura ko nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byagaragajwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, cyane cyane ko nta muntu basanze arugurisha, nta namafaranga bamusanganye. Yongera ho ko kuba yaremeye icyaha mbere bitafatwa nk’ikimenyetso kimuhamya icyo cyaha kuko atacyemeye ku buryo budashidikanywaho ahubwo yongeyeho ubusobanuro bundi bugaragaza ko nta cyaha yakoze dore ko yasabwe kucyemera ngo arekurwe. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko uregwa yafatanywe urumogi yacuruzaga kandi yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa bityo kuba agihakana ubu nta shingiro byahabwa dore ko hari n’abatangabuhamya bemeza ko yacuruzaga urumogi. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi ni we uha agaciro imvugo y’uwiyemereye icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza yagera imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura, akabikora mu bushishozi bwe no mu busesenguzi bwe akoresheje umutimanama we akareba ukuri kuri mu mvugo zihakanywe na nyirazo n’agaciro yaziha, akurikije uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo amaze no kuzigereranya n’ibindi bimenyetso biri muri dosiye.

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Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho. Imanza zifashishijwe: No RPAA 0010/06/CS – RPAA 0011/06/CS-RPAA 0012/06/CS 0042/07/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/07/2008; RPA 0041/06/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Mukashema Anne Marie na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 9/4/2010; RPAA 0029/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Ufitimana Fidèle n’undi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 8/7/2011; RPAA 0149/12/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndagijimana Innocent, rwacie n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 15/07/2016; RPAA 00449/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nyiransabimana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/03/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 04/07/2019, ubwo abashinzwe umutekano bari muri opération yo gushaka abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bagiye kureba aho Byukusenge Marie Aimée acuruza boutique (iduka rito) kuko hari hashize igihe bamuvugaho gucuruza urumogi, bagezeyo bamubaza ko bakwinjira aremera bageze mu nzu babona enveloppe ishaje ipfunyitse bamusaba ko ayipfundura undi arapfundura barebyemo basanga harimo urumogi udupfinyika 34, abonye ko bamufashe ahita ababwira ko arucuruza. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [3] Byukusenge Marie Aimée yireguye yemera ko enveloppe irimo urumogi bayifatiye muri boutike ye iri ku meza ariko ko atari azi ibirimo, nta n’umugambi yari afite wo gucuruza. [4] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwaciye urubanza No RP 00393/2019/TGI/GIC ku wa 23/07/2019, rusanga nta kimenyetso na kimwe Ubushinjacyaha butanga kigaragariza Urukiko nta shiti, ko haba hari igikorwa cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge Byukusenge Marie Aimée yaba yarakoze, cyangwa umugambi wo kugikora, rumugira umwere. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru buvuga ko Umucamanza ku rwego rubanza yavuze ko nta bimenyetso Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze bigaragaza ko Byukusenge Marie Aimée yakoze icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kandi bwagaragaje ko uregwa yafatanywe urumogi muri boutique ye udupfunyika 34 ruri mw’ibahasha ndete n’uregwa yemeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye.

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[6] Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza No RPA 01501/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 25/07/2022, rwasanze Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yaribeshye ku miburanire ya Byukusenge Marie Aimée bituma agirwa umwere kandi hari ibimenyetso bimushinja birimo kuba yaremeye icyaha akanasobanura uburyo yagikoze mu nzego zose z’ubutabera yanyuzemo kandi hari n’inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’ibiyobyabwenge yashyizeho umukono. Rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso no kuba ibyo umuburanyi yiyemereye bimutsindisha, rumuhamya icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, cyokora rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000 Frw. [7] Byukusenge Marie Aimée yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwe ruhabwa No RPAA 00471/2022/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 02/12/2025 Byukusenge Marie Aimée yunganiwe na Me Ruberwa Pierre naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya Nyangezi Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire bwe yo ku wa 10/08/2022 no mu miburanire, Byukusenge Marie Aimée na Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko Byukusenge Marie Aimée ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ ibiyobyabwenge rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000 Frw kandi nta bimenyetso simusiga byagaragajwe n’Ubushinjacyaha. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Byukusenge Marie Aimée zitahabwa ishingiro kuko hari ibimenyetso bimushinja icyaha aregwa byashingiweho n’Urukiko. [10] Hashingiwe kuri izo mpaka Urukiko rurasuzuma niba Byukusenge Marie Aimée yarahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso bikimuhamya. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Byukusenge Marie Aimée yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi nta bimenyetso bikimuhamya [11] Byukusenge Marie Aimée n’Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ ibiyobyabwenge rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000 Frw kandi nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byagaragajwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, cyane cyane ko nta muntu basanze arugurisha, nta namafaranga bamusanganye. Basobanura ko kuba yaremeye icyaha mbere bitafatwa nk’ikimenyetso kimuhamya icyo cyaha kuko atacyemeye ku buryo budashidikanywaho ahubwo yongeyeho ubusobanuro bundi bugaragaza ko nta cyaha yakoze. [12] Bavuga ko umupolisi witwa Nshimiyimana ariwe wamugambaniye kuko bigeze gukundana bashaka kubana nyuma Byukusenge aza kumwanga, kandi ko abatangabuhamya bari muri dosiye ari abapolisi n’ubundi baje kumufata bamubeshyera ko acuruza urumogi kandi nta muntu bigeze babona ari kuruha. [13] Bakomeza bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwahamije icyaha Byukusenge Marie Aimée rushingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza kandi yaracyemeye kuko yari yijejwe

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ko ari bubabarirwe akaba nta n’umwunganizi mu mategeko yari afite ngo amugire inama y’uburyo bigenda n’ingaruka zo kwemera icyaha akaba atarakomeje kucyemera n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwemeza ko yakomeje kucyemera kugeza ubu. [14] Bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko raporo y’inzego z’ibanze yemeje ko Byukusenge Marie Aimée yari asanzwe acuruza urumogi kandi iyo raporo iri muri dosiye nta nahamwe igaragaza ko yari asanzwe acuruza urumogi. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Byukusenge Marie Aimée avuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha nta bimenyetso simusiga byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha nta shingiro byahabwa kuko ibimenyetso bimushinja icyaha bihari kandi bihagije, birimo kuba yaracyemeye mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha no mu Rukiko aburana ifunga n’ifungurwa ry’agateganyo, aburana mu mizi, ndetse n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya barumufatanye muri boutique ye, hakaba na raporo yasinywe n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Budakirana witwa Higiro Anastase; ko kuvuga ko yaba yarapangiwe n’umupolisi bigeze gukundana nabyo nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kuko atagaragaza ko bari bafitanye ayo makimbirane uretse kubivuga gusa. [16] Akomeza avuga ko ibyo Byukusenge Marie Aimée avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku mvugo z’Umugenzacyaha zitagaragaza ukuri, nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa kuko Urukiko Rukuru rutashingiye ku mvugo y’Umugenzacyaha kuko atari kuba Umugenzacyaha ngo abe n’umutangabuhamya, ahubwo Umugenzacyaha yabajije abapolisi bamufashe bakamumuzanira, ababaza icyo bamuzaniye muri RIB, bamubwira ko bamufashe acuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Busoza busaba ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe itahinduka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba ukwiyemerera icyaha kwa Byukusenge Marie Aimée n’imvugo z’abapolisi bamufashe bamushinje mu Bugenzacyaha bitaragombaga gushingirwaho nk’ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha aregwa ku buryo yaba yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bikimuhamya. [18] Ibijyanye n’agaciro k’ibyo uregwa yiyemereye mu nzego z’iperereza nyuma yagera mu rukiko akabihakana byatanzweho umurongo mu manza nyinshi zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’uru Rukiko1, ko “Umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi ari we uha agaciro imvugo y’uwiyemereye icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza yagera imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura, akabikora mu bushishozi bwe no mu busesenguzi bwe akoresheje umutimanama we akareba ukuri kuri mu

1 Reba urubanza No RPAA 0010/06/CS – RPAA 0011/06/CS-RPAA 0012/06/CS 0042/07/CS rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2008, urubanza RPA 0041/06/CS, MP c Mukashema Anne Marie na bagenzi be, rwaciwe ku wa 9/4/2010, Urubanza RPAA 0029/10/CS, MP c Ufitimana Fidèle na Ndagijimana Faustin, rwaciwe ku wa 8/7/2011, urubanza No RPAA 0149/12/CS rwacie ku wa 15/07/2016 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndagijimana Innocent, urubanza 19. Urubanza Nº RPAA 00449/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/03/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nyiransabimana, urubanza, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/11/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ahimpereye ndeze François n’izindi.

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mvugo zihakanywe na nyirazo n’agaciro yaziha, akurikije uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo amaze no kuzigereranya n’ibindi bimenyetso biri muri dosiye”. [19] Mu rubanza rujuririrwa (igika cya 18) Urukiko Rukuru rwahamije Byukusenge Marie Aimée icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi rubishingiye ko mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye ko yari asanzwe acuruza urumogi akavuga ko yari yaranguye udupfunyika 50 akaba yarafashwe amaze kugurishaho udupfunyika 16 ariko ko yari amaze igihe gito arucuruza, ibi akaba yarabisubiyemo ubwo yabazwaga mu Bushinjacyaha. Rwashingiye kandi ku kuba Byukusenge Marie Aimée aburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi yaremeye icyaha, runashingira ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’udupfunyika 34 yashyizeho umukono. [20] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha2 ndetse no mu Bushinjacyaha, Byukusenge Marie Aimée yemeye icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, asobanura ko yaruranguye agira ngo arebe ko rwunguka, ko abantu atazi amazina bamurangiye ko rwunguka bamurangira n’umuntu warumuranguza, ararungura, amuzanira udupfunyika/boules 50 aho acururiza, afatwa amaze kugurisha 16 hasigaye 34; ko arurangura n’umumotari atazi izina na plaki ya moto agenderaho kandi ko arangura udupfunyika 50 kamwe akarangura 150 Frw akagacuruza kuri 200 Frw bakaba baramufashe amaze gucuruza udupfunyika 16 asigaranye 34; ko umuntu urumuzanira aruzana kuri moto. [21] Dosiye igaragaza ko ubwo Byukusenge Marie Aime yaburanaga mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, yavuze ko urumogi yafatanywe rwazanywe n’umumotari waruhawe n’umupolisi bigeze gukundana bashaka kuzabana nyuma akabyanga, uwo mumotari amubwira ko ari itabi amuzaniye ngo azajye aricuruza, amubwira n’igiciro. [22] Abapolisi bafashe Byukusenge babajijwe mu Bugenzacyaha, nabo bemeje ko bageze aho Byukusenge acururiza bamubajije niba adacuruza urumogi arabahakanira, babona enveloppe ishaje bayifunguye basangamo urumogi boules 34, asaba imbabazi avuga ko yarucuruzaga ariko atazabyongera. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Byukusenge Marie Aimée yaremeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha anasobanura birambuye uko byagenze ajya gutangira kurucuruza; ko hari abantu (atashatse kuvuga amazina) bamugiriye inama ko urumogi rwunguka vuba bamurangira n’aho azajya arurangura; avuga aho yavanaga urumogi, uwarumushyikirizaga, igiciro yaruranguragaho n’icyo arugurishaho, ibyo yavugiye muri izo nzego bikuzuzwa n’ibyo yavugiye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi nabyo bigaragaza ko umumotari avuga waruzanye ari wawundi warumuranguzaga (nk’uko ibyo yasobanuye mu Bugenzacyaha bibigaragaza), amuzaniye ibicuruzwa. Rurasanga rero nta gushidikanya ko ibi Byukusenge Marie Aime yavuze ariko kuri guhuye n’imikorere y’icyaha kandi bishimangirwa n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo Tuyishime Laurien na Munyaneza Budugire, basobanuye uburyo Byukusenge Marie Aimée yafatanywe ibi biyobyabwenge kandi ko bari basanzwe bafite amakuru ko acuruza urumogi kandi ko yabemereye ko arucuruza. [24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo Byukusenge Marie Aimée avuga ko Nshimiyimana wari umupolisi ariwe wamugambaniye, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko usibye kubivuga gusa nta

2 Reba inyandikomvugo yo ku wa 04/07/2019

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kigaragaza icyo bapfaga ndetse nta n’ikigaragaza ko umumotari wamuzaniraga urumogi yabaga aruhawe n’uwo mupolisi, ahubwo uwo hakurikijwe imvugo ye mu Bugenzacyaha umumotari wamuranguzaga urumogi niwe warumuzaniye. [25] Uru Rukiko rurasanga ibyo Byukusenge Marie Aimée avuga ko yemeye icyaha kubera ihungabana kandi ko yari yijejwe ko niyemera icyaha bamurekura, nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa kuko uretse nta kimenyetso abitangira usibye kubivuga gusa, uburyo yasobanye imikorere y’icyaha byerekana ko nta hungabana yari afite ahubwo yri afite umudendezo wose, kandi ko n’iyo yaba yarijejwe kurekurwa (nabyo nta kimenyetso) ntibyavanaho ko yasobanuye ibintu uko byagenze koko, cyane cyane ko adahakana ko ibyanditse ariwe wabivuze. [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi ibyo Byukusenge Marie Aimée avuga ko nta muntu basanze agurisha urumogi nta shingiro byahabwa kuko umuntu atagirwa umucuruzi no kuba hari abaguzi babonetse aho acururiza, ahubwo igihe cyose afite ibicuruzwa kandi yiteguye kubiha umuntu wese umugana ashaka ibyo agurisha, aba ari umucuruzi3, kandi ibyo yiyemereye byagaragajwe haruguru byerekana ko yari afite urumogi acuruza ndetse abaguzi bamwe bari bamugezeho banamuguriye kuko ubwe avuga ko kuri boules 50 yari yaranguye yafashwe hasiye 34 zonyine, bityo kuba nta muguzi abamufashe bamusanganye bikaba bitamuvanaho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi mu gihe hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko arucuruza. [27] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rushingiye kuri ibyo bisobanuro byose, rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze guhamya Byukusenge Marie Aimée icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kuko ibimenyetso rwashingiyeho rukimuhamya bihagije kandi bidashidikanywaho. Kubw’ibyo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite, igihano yahawe cy’ igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanun (15 ans) n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000 Frw kikaba kigomba kugumaho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Byukusenge Marie Aimée nta shingiro bufite. [29] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza No RPA 01501/2019/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 25/07/2022, idahindutse, igihano Byukusenge Marie Aimée yahanishijwe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000 Frw kigumyeho. [30] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.

3 Reba urubanza No RPAA 00436/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/11/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na AHIMPEREYE Ndeze François (igika cya 24).