UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABINEZA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABINEZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00030/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABINEZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00030/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya ibihano – Mu bujurire Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Habineza yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibyiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yaho afatanywe ibiro 5 by’urumogi amaze kubyambutsa mu kiyaga cya Kivu abikuye mu gihugu cya DRC, bumuregera Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi busaba ko rumuhamya icyaha agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo mcy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 20 500 000 Frw. Habineza yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano biremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano ndetse byashoboka akanasubikirwa. Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha ariko akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi akaba acyemera, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabura y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Habineza yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano akaba yanasubikirwa. Ku ruhande rw’Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze kandi kijyanye n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi ntiruhindutse. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 00060/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. RPAA 00386/2023/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsengamungu Philippe rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nyuma yaho inzego z’umutekano ziherewe amakuru ko Habineza Jacques asanzwe atunda akanacuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi abikuye mu gihugu cya DRC1 abinyujije mu kiyaga cya Kivu, yashyiriweho ingenza, maze mu ijoro ryo ku wa 04/10/2021 rishyira ku wa 05/10/2021 afatanwa ibiro bitanu (05 kgs) by’urumogi amaze kurwambutsa mu kiyaga cya Kivu arukuye ahitwa ku Ijwi mu gihugu cya DRC. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, busaba kukimuhamya, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw). Habineza Jacques yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko yari amaze imyaka icyenda acuruza urumogi. [3] Murubanza RP 00450/2021/TGI/KNG rwaciwe ku wa 12/11/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Habineza Jacques yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, birimo ukwemera icyaha kwe, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamufatiye mu cyuho, inyandiko y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemera ko afatanwe ibiro bitanu (5 kgs) by’urumogi, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’ibihumbi magana atanu (20.500.000 Frw). [4] Habineza Jacques yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka kuko urumogi yafatanywe rutari urwo gucuruza ahubwo rwari urwo gukoresha bisanzwe. Yavuze kandi ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, ntiyarushya inzego z’ubutabera, asaba ko icyo gihano cyagabanywa kikanasubikwa. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ubujurire bwa Habineza Jacques ntashingiro bufite kuko asaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe kandi nawe yariyemereye ko asanzwe acuruza urumogi, ko amaze igihe kingana n’imyaka icyenda arucuruza. Bwavuze kandi ko Habineza Jacques atagabanyirizwa igihano kuko harebwe ingano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe no

1 Democratic Republic of Congo

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kuba yarabigize umwuga kuko amaze imyaka 9 arucuruza, igihano yahanishijwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00447/2021/HC/RSZ, rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi nyuma yo gusesengura imikorere y’icyaha n’ibimenyetso biri muri dosiye, rwasanze Habineza Jacques ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, rusanga ariko akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha kandi akaba acyemera, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabura y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [7] Habineza Jacques yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00030/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 10/12/2024, Habineza Jacques yunganiwe na Me Niragire Racherie, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Cabin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [8] Habineza Jacques n’umwunganira basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa ibihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha we avuga ko Habineza Jacques atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagijwe ahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze kandi kijyanye n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko. [9] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Habineza Jacques yagabanyirizwa akanasubikirwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba Habineza Jacques yagabanyirizwa akanasubikirwa igihano [10] Habineza Jacques n’umwunganira bavuga ko n’ubwo yagabanyirijwe igihano, ariko atagabanyirijwe bihagije, basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha akaba atararuhije ubutabera. Ku bijyanye n’amategeko ndetse n’imanza zaciwe byashingirwaho, basaba ko hashingirwa ku Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange kuko ari ryo riteganya ibihano byoroheje rihujwe n’imirongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye, harimo urubanza RPAA 00022/2021/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 29/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwambajimana Grâce (igika cya 53 na 54), uvuga ko nta cyabuza kongera kugabanya igihano mu bujurire mu gihe Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze icyatanzwe n’Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije, ubirebeye hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. [11] Urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2019 haburana Kabasinga Florida, rwemeje ko nta cyabuza umucamanza kugabanya igihano ndetse akaba yajya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko, n’urubanza RPAA 00691/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/11/2022 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndayisaba Paul, aho uyu yagabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe ku ngaruka nke z’icyaha yakoze, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 8 aho kuba icy’imyaka 25 yari yahawe mu nkiko zo hasi; maze Habineza Jacques nawe akongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano bikajya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, ndetse igihano yahabwa kigasubikwa.

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[12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Habineza Jacques atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagijwe ahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze kandi kijyanye n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko, ibyo bikaba bihura n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, rwemeje ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yaragabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza avuga ko, n’iyo Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabibona ukundi ntaho rwahera rwongera kugabanya ibihano Habineza Jacques yahawe kuko ruzitiwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 yahinduye ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, kandi icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi Habineza yahamijwe ubundi gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW), bivuze ko igihano Habineza yahanishijwe aricyo gito gishoboka ,Urukiko rukaba rutakongera kujya munsi yacyo. [14] Ku birebana n’imanza Habineza Jacques n’umwunganira basaba ko zashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igiteganywa n’Itegeko, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko zidakwiye gushingirwaho kuko umurongo zatanze wo kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko ushingiye ku ngingo y’Itegeko yahinduwe kandi nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00006/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/12/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bahati Emmanuel, umurongo wariho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho (cyangwa ryahinduwe). [15] Ku bijyanye n’Itegeko Habineza Jacques n’umwunganira basaba ko rwashingirwaho kuko ari ryo riteganya ibihano byoroheje, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariryo rikwiye gushingirwaho kuko ari ryo rigabanya igihano mu buryo bworoheje kurusha ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018. Naho ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano, akavuga ko Habineza Jacques atasubikirwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igifungo kirenze imyaka 5. Uko Urukiko rubibona [16] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazaba ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Habineza Jacques yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, gikwiye kugabanywa kikanasubikwa.

a. Ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano [17] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018

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riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” [18] Naho ibirebana no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu yonyine y’ubujurire, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00386/2023/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 28/06/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsengamungu Philippe. [19] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Habineza Jacques igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Urukiko rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa se ubushishozi bwarwo. [20] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, ku rwego rwa mbere Habineza Jacques yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, uko kwemera icyaha gushingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’ibihumbi magana atanu (20.500.000 Frw). Mu bujurire, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, narwo rwongeye kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko rwasanze ari ubwa mbere yakurikiranwaho icyaha mu butabera, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, ibihano Habineza Jacques yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ari byo bito bishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bikaba bidakwiye kongera kugabanywa. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga imanza Habineza Jacques n’umwunganira basaba ko zashingirwaho mu kumugabanyiriza igihano, zitashingirwaho muri uru rubanza, kuko umurongo ugaragara muri izo manza wari ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iyo ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, kandi nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana

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Jean Paul, umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. [23] Ku bijyanye n’imiburanire ya Habineza Jacques y’uko Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ariryo ritanga igihano cyoroheje, bityo ko ariryo rikwiye gushingirwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro bifite kuko ingingo 60 y’iryo tegeko iteganywa uburyo ibihano bigabanywa (iteganya ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cyo gufungwa burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), ariyo iteganya ibihano bikomeye kurusha ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru (iteganya ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi igifungo cy’imyaka 15).

b. Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano [24] Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano, ingingo ya 3, agace ka (1) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga isubikagihano Habineza Jacques asaba adakwiye kurihabwa kuko ryemerwa gusa ku muntu wahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) ariko we akaba ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ubujurire bwatanzwe na Habineza Jacques nta shingiro bufite, hakaba hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Habineza Jacques nta shingiro bufite; [28] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00447/2021/HC/RSZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 22/12/2023, rudahindutse; [29] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta kuko Habineza Jacques yajuriye afunze akaba asonewe kuyatanga.