UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIYAKARE

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIYAKARE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00991/2024/CA (Ndahayo, P.J.) 23 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano – Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano – Ntawakwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha ngo asabe kugabanyirizwa igihano mu bujurire. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Habiyakare yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo kwica umugore we, amukubise umwase mu mutwe arapfa. Iperereza rirangiye bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, busaba ko icyaha cy’ubwicanyi kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu; uregwa ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru yemera ko ari we wishe umugore nyuma yo kumukubita igiti cy’umwase mu mutwe; Asaba Urukiko Rukuru kumugabanyiriza ibihano, ngo kuko n’umuryango wamusabiye imbabazi, kandi ko yemera ko yakoze icyaha ndengakamere. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa agabanyirijwe igihano cya burundu yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kuganyirizwa igihano, hitawe ku kuba yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi ndetse hanitawe ku nyungu z’abana bato basigaye mu rugo badafite ubarera, hagashingirwa ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange akongera kugabanyirizwa igihano agahabwa imyaka 15. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Habiyakare nta shingiro zifite, ko ibyo asaba byo kuganyirizwa igihano yabihawe, busaba Urukiko ko hagumaho igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. 2. Ntawakwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha ngo asabe kugabanyirizwa igihano mu bujurire. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ntihindutse. Nta mategeko yashingiweho. Imanza zifashishijwe:

RPA 0129/10/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs Mpitabakana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 17/11/2010, mu Mudugudu wa ………………………... uwitwa Niyonsaba Clementine yakubiswe umwase inshuro ebyiri mu mutwe arapfa. Iperereza ryaratangiye hakekwa ko ari umugabo we Habiyakare Donatien wamwishe. Ubushinjacyaha bushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo kuba Habiyakare yemera ko yateye igisongo umugore we akamwica akavuga ko ngo byaturutse ku makimbirane bari bafitanye, bushingiye kandi ku batangabuhamya batandukanye bamushinja kwica umugore we, raporo y’inzego z’ibanze, amafoto agaragaza nyakwigendera aryamye mu maraso yapfuye ndetse n’igiti cyakoreshejwe cyafatiriwe, bwareze Habiyakare mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, busaba ko icyaha cy’ubwicanyi kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [2] Habiyakare yireguye avuga ko yishe umugore we atabigambiriye kuko yakubise igiti azi ko agikubise umugabo yakekaga ko ari kumwe n’umugore we mu nzu. Asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano no gusubikirwa ibihano. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00794/020/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 21/12/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rushingiye ku kuba n’ubwo Habiyakare Donatien avuga ko yakoze icyaha atakigambiriye avuga ko yakubise azi ko arimo gukubita umugabo yakekaga ko ari kumwe n’umugore we mu nzu, nta gaciro rwabiha kubera ko yakubise nyakwigendera inshuro nyinshi kandi akubita mu cyico (mu mutwe), rwanzura ko atagabanyirizwa ibihano hagendewe ku buryo bwa kinyamaswa yishemo umugore we aho yamuhondaguye igiti mu misaya yombi kugeza ashizemo umwuka, maze rwemeza ko Habiyakare Donatien ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [4] Habiyakare Donatien yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, aho mu myanzuro no mu miburanire ye yavuze ko yemera icyaha aregwa, asobanura ko ariwe wishe umugore we akoresheje igiti cy'umwase bari barasatuye ku nkwi zo gucana, avuga ko yamukubise icyo giti mu mutwe inshuro imwe aragwa ko aribyo yibuka, asaba Urukiko Rukuru kumugabanyiriza ibihano, kuko n’umuryango wamusabiye imbabazi, kandi ko yemera ko yakoze icyaha ndengakamere. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwaburanye buvuga ko Habiyakare Donatien yemeye icyaha mu bushinjacyaha aho yemeraga ko yari yarabwiye umugore we ko azamwica, akaba rero yaramwishe, ageze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye ahindura imvugo ahubwo aburana avuga ko yakubise umugabo w'umusambane w'umugore we. ubushinjacyaha rero buvuga ko busanga Urukiko Rwisumbuye nta kosa rwakoze mu cyemezo rwafashe. Buvuga ko icyaha yakoze ari indengakamere, ko kandi ukwemera icyaha kugirira akamaro ari uko gukozwe ku rwego rwa mbere mu buryo budashidikanwaho. Bukomeza buvuga ko kuba umuryango waramusabiye imbabazi, bitatuma adahanirwa icyaha cy’indengakamere yakoze, ariko ko Urukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo rwazabifataho icyemezo.

[6] Mu rubanza RPA 00093/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 09/09/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku biteganywa n’amategeko, imirongo yatanzwe no kuba umuryango wa nyakwigendera waranditse usabira imbabazi Habiyakare Donatien, rwemeza ko agabanyirijwe igihano cya burundu yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Naho ku byerekeye isubikagihano ryasabwe na Habiyakare Donatien, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ntasubikwa ry’igihano ryemewe ku gifungo kirenze imyaka 5 hakurikijwe amategeko. [7] Habiyakare Donatien na none ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urubanza ayijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00991/2024/CA ruburanishwa ku wa 01/12/2025, Habiyakare Donatien yunganiwe na Me Sebukonoke Innocent, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Beatrice. [8] Mu myanzuro ya Habiyakare Donatien na Me Sebukonoke Innocent umwunganira, bavuga ko Habiyakare Donatien yajuriye muri uru Rukiko avuga ko n’ubwo yagabanyirijwe basaba yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hitawe ku kuba yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi ndetse hanitawe ku nyungu z’abana bato basigaye mu rugo badafite ubarera, hagashingirwa ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange akongera kugabanyirizwa igihano agahabwa imyaka 15. [9] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha avuga asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Habiyakare Donatien nta shingiro bufite, no gutegeka ko hagumaho ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru kubera ko Ubushinjacyaha busanga ibyo asaba urukiko yaramaze kubihabwa n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko yavanywe ku gifungo cya burundu agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20. [10] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruhereye kuri izi mpaka, rusanga ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ari ukumenya niba Habiyakare Donatien yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’imyaka 20 yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagaragaje. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba Habiyakare Donatien yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’imyaka 20 kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagaragaje [11] Habiyakare Donatien na Me Sebukonoke Innocent umwunganira, bavuga ko Habiyakare Donatien yaburanye yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi kuva agifatwa anakurikiranwa mu nzego z’iperereza, no mu nkiko zibanza kandi agasobanura uko yagikoze, ariko inkiko zikaba zitaramugabanyirije igihano ku buryo buhagije akaba ariyo mpamvu nyuma yo guhanishwa imyaka 20 yongeye kujuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo rumugirire imbabazi kuko atigeze arushya ubutabera, cyane ko ngo byagaragaye ko yagabanyirijwe kubera ko yasabiwe imbabazi n’umuryango wa nyakwigendera ariko ngo ntihitawe ku kuba yaremeye icyaha agasaba imbabazi. [12] Bakomeza bavuga ko kandi nyuma y’uko umugore we apfuye nawe agafungwa byagize ingaruka zikomeye cyane cyane ku bana badafite ubitaho kandi bakiri bato, bityo bakaba basaba

urukiko kuzaha agaciro izo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rugashingira no ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rukemeza ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zishingiye ku kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi ndetse no kuba aribwo bwambere akurikiranywe imbere y’inzego z’ubutabera rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [13] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko asanga ibyo Habiyakare Donatien asaba urukiko yaramaze kubihabwa n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko yavanywe ku gifungo cya burundu ahabwa igifungo cy’ imyaka 20, ashingira ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00288/2022/CA n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dushimimana Théoneste igika cya 23, uvuga ko iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mugutanga icyo gihano. [14] Akomeza avuga ko asanga kubera uburemere bw’icyaha Habiyakare yakoze atagabanirizwa ibihano, bikaba bihura n’urubanza RPAA 00874/2024 rwaciwe ku wa 16/5/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kayumba Jean Baptiste, Igika cya 15, urubanza RPAA 00752/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndayambaje Eugène, aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko n’ubwo itegeko rishya ryaba riteganya igihano cyoroheje, Urukiko rudahita ruhanisha uregwa igihano gito riteganya, ahubwo ko rugabanya igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, rugatanga igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha cyakozwe, mu mbago z’igihano giteganywa n’itegeko rishya. [15] Ubushinjacyaha bukaba busanga bivuze ko Urukiko rushobora kwanga kongera kugabanyiriza uwajuriye igihano mu gihe rusanga icyo yahanishijwe kiri mu rugero (fourchette) rw’igiteganywa n’Itegeko rishya kandi gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze. [16] Naho ku bijyanye n’inyungu z’abana zivugwa na Habiyakare Donatien n’umwunganira, Ubushinjacyaha bukaba busanga yaragombaga kubitekerezaho mbere yo gukora icyaha, nk’uko biteganywa mu rubanza RPAA 00754/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/4/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kwizerayezu, ahatanzwe umurongo uvuga ko nta muntu ukwiriye kwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha yakoze ngo abishingireho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, aho n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rujuririrwa rwabigarutseho ruvuga ko rusanga imwe mu ngaruka zo gukora icyaha, ari uko umuntu ufunzwe aba agomba kugororerwa ahabugenewe, akaba adashobora kubifatanya no kwita ku muryango we uko abyifuza kuko n’ubwo ifungwa rya Kwizerayesu Esther rihungabanya uburere bw’umwana we avuga ko yasize akiri muto kandi nta mubyeyi umwitaho uretse abaturanyi, ko yagombaga kubitekereza mbere yo gukora icyaha, bityo bikamutera kwisubiraho ataragikora aho kubigira impamvu ashingiraho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Ninako byemejwe mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 07/03/2014, ko nta muntu ukwiriye kwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha yakoze ngo abishingireho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uyu ninawo murongo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza nyinshi, uruheruka akaba ari urubanza RPAA 00618/2021/CA rwaciwe kuwa 24/03/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukandori Josephine.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Impaka muri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Habiyakare Donatien yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’imyaka 20 kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagaragaje. [18] Mu gusesengura iki kibazo hakwifashishwa umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Mpitabakana (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V. 2, Ukwakira 2014. p.127), aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwatanze umurongo uvuga ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. [19] Dosiye igaragaza ko ku wa 18/11/2020, Habiyakare Donatien yemeye ko yakubise umugore we umwase mu mutwe inshuro 2 yitura hasi, arapfa. Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko, Habiyakare Donatien yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 20 rushingiye ku kuba yarasabiwe imbabazi n’umuryango w’umugore we. [20] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Habiyakare Donatien n’umwunganira basaba urukiko kongera kumugabanyiriza kubera ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo n’iyo kwemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi, nta shingiro bifite, kuko kuba yarafashe igiti cy’umwase agakubita umugore we babanaga mu mutwe inshuro ebyiri bigaragaza ubugome bukabije yari afite ubwo yakoraga icyaha bityo akaba atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyo yahawe gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze n’uburyo yagikozemo. [21] Ku bijynye no kuba Habiyakare Donatien n’umwunganira basaba ko hakwitabwa ku nyungu z’abana badafite ubarera kugira ngo agabanyirizwe igihano azabashe kujya kubitaho, uru rukiko rurasanga nabyo nta shingiro bifite kuko nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana (igika cya 16), ntawakwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha ngo asabe kukigabanyirizwa igihano mu bujurire. [22] Urukiko rurasanga rero, hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, ubujurire bwa Habiyakare Donatien nta shingiro bufite, bityo imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00093/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 09/09/2024, ikaba itagomba guhinduka. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire rwashyikirijwe na Habiyakare Donatien nta shingiro bufite; [24] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00093/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 09/09/2024, idahindutse, bityo Habiyakare Donatien akaba akomeje guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20).